Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although it is well-known that quantitative trait loci (QTLs) influence blood pressure (BP) in male Dahl salt-sensitive rats (DSS), few studies have been carried out to ascertain the BP effect of these QTLs in females. In the current work, we analyzed BP of seven selected congenic strains constructed in the DSS background. One QTL, C8QTL2, exhibited similar effects on systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP), and mean arterial (MAP) pressures in females as previously shown in males. In contrast, six QTLs that previously demonstrated influences on SAP, DAP, and MAP in males did not have effects in females. These male-specific QTLs are likely regulated differently in males than in females and emphasize the necessity of identifying female-specific QTLs for diagnosing and treating hypertension in women. Current findings may have implications in genetic research of essential hypertension, and association and linkage analyses should be performed in separate genders. Men and women may possess distinctive as well as shared genetic determinants for SAP, DAP, and MAP. The data on a single gene or marker might be pooled from both genders only when evidence favors the sex-independence in a study.
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PMID:Sexual dimorphism on hypertension of quantitative trait loci entrapped in Dahl congenic rats. 1885 55

Arterial hypertension (AHT) is a significant public health problem due to its high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and its economic and social costs. Background. To identify the prevalence of AHT detected in primary care and its degree of control; to determine the types of treatment used and factors associated with its control. Patients and methods. Transversal comparative study of two years in the Villava Health Centre. The computerised clinical history data for the years 2003 and 2006 was analysed. The following variables were studied: age, gender, systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, tobacco use, body mass index in both years. Hypotensor treatment in the year 2006. The variables for the year 2006 associated with good control were identified through logistic regression. Results. AHT prevalence detected in (3)18 year olds: 2003: 11.6% (CI:10.9-12.3); 2006: 16.6% (CI:15.8-17.4) (p<0.001). Control of hypertense persons with a register of arterial tension (AP:<140/90) in 2003: 45.1% (CI: 41.0-48.0) and in 2006: 40.4% (CI: 37.7-43.2) (p<0.05). Variables associated with good control: being male [OR 1.60 (IC: 1.26-2.03)] treatment with ARA II [OR 2.16 (CI: 1.50-3.09)] and being diabetic [OR 1.50 (CI: 1.10-2.03]. Associated with poor control: presenting cerebral vascular disease, peripheral vasculopathy and treatment with ACE inhibitors. Conclusions. A low prevalence of AHT was detected. The level of control was higher for the DAP than for the SAP. Treatment with AIIRA, being male and being diabetic were associated with a better control. Peripheral vasculopathy, ichaemic cardiopathy, cerebral vascular disease, ACE inhibitors use and age were associated with a poorer control.
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PMID:[Effectiveness of primary health care in the diagnosis and treatment of arterial hypertension]. 1895 61

Blood pressure control is an important part of any surgical procedure and is especially important during rhytidectomy to reduce the risk of bleeding, improve visualization, and reduce the risk of postoperative fluid accumulations. For patients given general anesthetic, b blood pressure control is regulated by intravenous fluids, inhalational gas concentrations, and pharmacologic manipulation. For those given local anesthetic with intravenous sedation, blood pressure manipulation can be difficult. Clonidine (Catapres, Boehringer Ingelheim) has been shown to effectively reduce blood pressure in individuals with hypertension, as well as those with normal blood pressure. We compared both intraoperative and postoperative blood pressure, pulse, and drug use, as well as complications in 100 patients treated with preoperative oral clonidine (0.1 mg) and in 100 patients who did not receive clonidine. The group that received clonidine had reduced systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure, and pulse rate (114/64, 80, 79 vs 129/74, 92, 86, p<0.001). Blood pressure measured 12 hours after surgery remained lower in the clonidine group (119/67 vs 126/72, p<0.001). There was no difference in intraoperative diazepam (Valium) or midazolem (Versed) requirements. Intraoperative fentanyl requirements were lower in the non-Catapres-treated group. Postoperative narcotic requirements were reduced in the clonidine-treated group. The patients treated with clonidine had a lower rate of hematoma and postoperative antihypertensive drug requirement than the untreated group. We propose that clonidine is a safe and effective drug to use in the perioperative period in patients undergoing rhytidectomy to regulate blood pressure.
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PMID:Clonidine in the management of blood pressure during rhytidectomy. 1932 16

Results of study of microecological disorders in oral cavity of patients with non-specific ulcerative colitis (NSUC) and Crohn's disease (CD) and control subjects (patients with hypertension). Condition of mucosa was assessed on the basis of morphological data and electrophoretic mobility of cell nuclei, whereas structure of microbiocenosis and metabolic activity of microflora--on the basis of saliva bacterial culture and contents and profile of volatile fat acids in it. Detection rate of negative charge of the cell nuclei (decrease of functional activity of epithelium) was significantly higher in patients with NSUC and CD (66.6%) compared with controls (10%). This fact was directly related with hypercolonization of oral cavity by Gram-negative microflora. Lesions of mucosa which are characteristic of NSUC and CD and determined by pathologic immune mechanisms correlated with quantity of pathogenic microflora (Staphylococcus aureus and Candida). Marked differences of chromatograms' patterns were observed in patients with NSUC and CD indicating the suppression of anaerobic microflora in patients with CD and hypercolonization of oral cavity by anaerobic microflora in majority of patients with NSUC.
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PMID:[Oral cavity microflora in patients with non-specific ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease]. 1934 Sep 68

Condition prior to diabetes is designated as prediabetes. The use of this term is recommended if fasting plasma glucose exceeds normal level but does not reach the characteristic result of real diabetes. Prediabetes is often characterized by combination of visceral obesity, glucose and lipid metabolism disorders and changes in blood pressure. Change of life style is more important in the treatment of prediabetes associated hypertension than in other hypertensive diseases. In this case, metabolically neutral antihypertensive medication is the treatment of choice. The growing obesity epidemic underlines the significance of prediabetes associated hypertension in public health. While 25% of the adult population suffering from this kind of hypertensive disease, the optimal solution has to be found together with patients, physicians and the money lenders of the social security system.
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PMID:[Treatment of hypertension associated with prediabetes]. 1942 89

We compared chronic care utilization in four major health systems in the U.S.: the military health system (TRICARE), the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Medicaid, and employer-sponsored commercial plans. Prevalence rates and key performance indicators were constructed from administrative data in federal fiscal year 2003 for eight chronic conditions: hypertension, major depression, diabetes, tobacco dependence, ischemic heart disease, severe mental illness, persistent asthma, and stroke. Continuously enrolled beneficiaries under 65 years old were studied: TRICARE (N = 2,963,987), VA (N = 2,114,739), Medicaid enrollees in five states (N = 5,554,974), and commercial insurance (N = 5,212,833). Condition-specific adjusted prevalence rates and measures were compared using the standardized rate ratio. For the majority of the conditions, the estimated prevalence rates were highest in the VA and Medicaid populations. Prevalence rates were generally lower in TRICARE and commercial plans. Medicaid beneficiaries had the highest hospitalization rates in four of the six conditions where hospitalization rates were measured. These results provide empirical evidence of differences in chronically ill patient populations in several of the major U.S. health insurance systems.
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PMID:A four-system comparison of patients with chronic illness: the Military Health System, Veterans Health Administration, Medicaid, and commercial plans. 1978 Mar 68

During induction of general anesthesia hypertension and tachycardia caused by tracheal intubation may lead to cardiac ischemia and arrhythmias. In this prospective, randomized study, dexmedetomidine has been used to attenuate the hemodynamic response to endotracheal intubation with low dose fentanyl and etomidate in patients undergoing myocardial revascularization receiving beta blocker treatment. Thirty patients undergoing myocardial revascularization received in a double blind manner, either a saline placebo or a dexmedetomidine infusion (1 microg/kg) before the anesthesia induction. Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were monitored at baseline, after placebo or dexmedetomidine infusion, after induction of general anesthesia, one, three and five minutes after endotracheal intubation. In the dexmedetomidine (DEX) group systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP) and mean arterial pressures (MAP) were lower at all times in comparison to baseline values; in the placebo (PLA) group SAP, DAP and MAP decreased after the induction of general anesthesia and five minutes after the intubation compared to baseline values. This decrease was not significantly different between the groups. After the induction of general anesthesia, the drop in HR was higher in DEX group compared to PLA group. One minute after endotracheal intubation, HR significantly increased in PLA group while, it decreased in the DEX group. The incidence of tachycardia, hypotension and bradycardia was not different between the groups. The incidence of hypertension requiring treatment was significantly greater in the PLA group. It is concluded that dexmedetomidine can safely be used to attenuate the hemodynamic response to endotracheal intubation in patients undergoing myocardial revascularization receiving beta blockers.
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PMID:Dexmedetomidine as an adjunct to anesthetic induction to attenuate hemodynamic response to endotracheal intubation in patients undergoing fast-track CABG. 2007 30

Memantin HCL (Ebixa) is a drug which antagonizes the effects of N-methyl-D-aspartat receptors and which is used for the treatment of acute Alzheimer patients. Plasmapheresis is a method of cleaning nonspecific extracorporeal blood and it is applied in many immunologic and toxicologic diseases. Female patient at the age of 35 was admitted to the emergency department with complaints of tendency to sleep and sensory loss. About 12 hours before her history she had taken 200 tablets of 10 mg memantin HCL (Ebixa) (2000 mg) and she was transferred to an intensive care department with the diagnosis of drug toxicity (400 mg toxic dose). Her memantin HCL (Ebixa) level in blood was 12,000 ng/mL. It was reported in her physical examination that she was unconscious, her general condition was bad, there were no cooperation and orientation, ahe hadmydriasis and reflexes of light, cornea and eyelash were bilaterally positive and she had horizontal nystagmus. Glascow Coma Scale of the patient was 6, body temperature was 37.5 degrees C and she had tachycardia (130/min) and hypertension (160/90 mmHg). Intravenous Diazepam was effective aginst recurring convulsions. Sinusoidal tachycardia was detected with electrocardiography (EKG) and respiratory alkalosis in arterial blood gases. Six cysles of plasmapheresis were aplied and in the sixth cycle the memantin HCL (Ebixa) level turned to normal. As a result of the sixth plasmapheresis the findings were normal and that is why she was discharged from the hospital. Plasmapheresis should be taken into consideration in case of drug overdose or high doses of plasmatic proteinous drug toxicities (Ref. 11).
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PMID:A memantin HCL intoxication responsive to plasmapheresis therapy. 2195 34

26 patients with intracranial tumors on the stage of severe clinical decompensation were treated in S.P. Botkin Municipal Hospital from 2005 till 2010. The main group (18 cases) included patients who underwent urgent neurosurgical procedures due to decompensation. This group was evaluated prospectively. Control group (8 cases) consisted of patients who received only conservative treatment. Application of this therapeutic tactics allowed decrease of mortality from 100% after palliative conservative treatment to 11% (2 cases) after aggressive surgical management shortly after deterioration. Condition of patients was assessed using GCS. Outcomes were evaluated by GOS. Mean preoperative GCS score was 5.3 in the surgical group. In control group this value was 4. Mean postoperative GOS score was 3.9. In control group mortality reached 100%. Perioperative ICP monitoring demonstrated severe intracranial hypertension in all cases. Analysis showed that urgent decompressive procedure in decompensated patients with intracranial tumors is treatment of choice if antiedematous treatment is ineffective. If no positive dynamics in neurological symptoms is observed, neurosurgeon should immediately perform wide external and internal decompression with duraplasty. Decision about urgent operation is strictly individual and should be based on size and localization of the tumor, concominant diseases, duration of coma and stability of haemodynamics.
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PMID:[Urgent neurosurgical operations in neurooncology]. 2206 58

The present study had the objective to estimate the antihypertensive efficacy of a low-dose combination of amlodipine (5 mg) and lisinopril (equator, Gedeon Richter, Hungary; 10 mg) as well as its influence on the diastolic left ventricular function in the women presenting with arterial hypertension in the postmenopausal period A total of 60 postmenopausal women with grade II arterial hypertension available for the examination were allocated to two groups to be maintained on different therapeutic regimens. The study group was comprised of 40 patients treated with equator, and the control group included 20 patients receiving metoprolol and enalapril (12.5 mg and 10 mg respectively). In the beginning and the end of the study (total duration 6 months), all the patients underwent a comprehensive clinical and instrumental examination that included evaluation of their general clinical condition, 24-hour arterial blood pressure monitoring (BPM), electrocardiography (ECG), and doppleroechocardiography. It was shown that therapy with equator significantly decreased systolic and diastolic arterial pressure (SAP and DAP). Comparative analysis of the results of repeated doppleroechocardiography revealed the improvement of left ventricular diastolic function in the majority of the patients of group 1 (83%). It is concluded that systematic treatment with equator produces a stable hypotensive effect and normalizes circadian rhythms of arterial pressure. Moreover, adequate antihypertensive therapy improves diastolic left ventricular function. Treatment with equator is well tolerated by the patients and causes no serious adverse effects.
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PMID:[Antihypertensive efficacy of a low-dose combination of amlodipine and lisinopril in the treatment of arterial hypertension in postmenopausal women]. 2264 64


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