Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were measured in outpatients with borderline hypertension (n = 15) and essential hypertension (n = 13) and in normotensive subject (n = 11). There were no significant differences among the three groups in age, serum protein, albumin, or electrolyte levels, plasma renin activity (PRA), or plasma concentrations of aldosterone and cortisol. The plasma ANP levels in the normotensive, borderline hypertensive, and essential hypertensive subjects were 36 +/- 6 pg/ml (mean +/- S.E.), 64 +/- 11 pg/ml, and 82 +/- 14 pg/ml, respectively. The levels in the essential hypertensive subjects were significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than those in the normotensives. In both borderline and essential hypertensives (n = 28), the plasma ANP levels were significantly correlated positively with systolic blood pressure (r = +0.385, p less than 0.05), and negatively with PRA (r = -0.484, p less than 0.05) and serum total calcium (r = -0.516, p less than 0.01). These results suggest that the elevation of circulating ANP in hypertensives is involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
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PMID:Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with borderline and essential hypertension. 296 4

Treatment of diabetics with end-stage renal failure is still a hazard. We report on 33 insulin-dependent diabetic patients who were treated with CAPD over a period of up to 70 months. Seven of them have been transplanted. The evaluation of the clinical and biological parameters serum protein, phosphate, calcium, revealed acceptable values. Hemoglobin rose during the treatment period. Hypertension improved and medication was reduced. HbAlc levels were near normal with subcutaneous application of insulin. Peritonitis rate was 1/18 patient-months. Survival rate was comparable with other centers with 83% in the first and 62% in the second year. In 7 patients that have been transplanted no CAPD-related problems arose after transplantation. 6 of them are still doing well; one returned to CAPD because of graft failure. In conclusion, because of good control of hypertension, blood glucose and anemia and the avoidance of fluctuating volumes, we think CAPD to be the best method for diabetics awaiting transplantation and for those that cannot be transplanted.
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PMID:CAPD and transplantation in diabetics. 305 57

Relative plasma (RPV) and serum (RSV) viscosities were determined in 71 Nigerian diabetics, with and without hypertension, and compared with an age and sex matched normotensive non-diabetic control group. Viscosity was measured by a simple capillary viscometer. RPV and RSV were statistically significantly raised in diabetics compared with controls (p less than 0.001). RPV was 5.03% and RSV was 4.82% higher than non-diabetic values. There was no significant difference in either RPV or RSV due to sex. Also, no relation of RPV or RSV to age, duration of diabetes or type of treatment was identified. Plasma fibrinogen concentration correlated positively and significantly (r = 0.46; p less than 0.001) with RPV. However, whereas a significant rise was observed for total serum protein, albumin (p less than 0.001) and serum globulin concentrations (p less than 0.005), only the gamma-globulin fraction correlated significantly with RSV (r = 0.27; p less than 0.05). RPV was significantly raised in hypertensive diabetics compared with normotensive diabetics (p less than 0.02) but there was no significant difference in RSV of diabetics attributable to hypertension. Our findings show that fibrinogen predominantly contributes to the increased plasma viscosity while the gamma-globulin made the greatest contribution to serum viscosity in Nigerian diabetics. We suggest that abnormally raised plasma and serum viscosities, by contributing to disturbances in normal blood flow and metabolism, may play an essential role in the development of both micro-circulatory disorders and hypertension in some Nigerian diabetics.
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PMID:Plasma and serum viscosity in Nigerian diabetics. 322 87

Urinary protein excretion and composition in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) change dramatically with age and sex. In this study, serum proteins were analyzed by electrophoresis in male and female SHR and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) normotensive controls aged 5 to 80 weeks. Serum albumin concentrations of SHR were significantly higher than those of WKY at 5 (4.02 +/- 0.24 vs 3.60 +/- 0.25 g/dl) and 20 weeks (4.30 +/- 0.30 vs 3.77 +/- 0.31 g/dl) and significantly lower at 73-80 weeks (2.73 +/- 0.33 vs 3.45 +/- 0.34 g/dl). In addition, male SHR had significantly lower albumin levels than female SHR after 40 weeks of age. These differences may contribute to the development of hypertension and reflect the appearance of pathologic proteinuria in SHR. In spite of their differences in albumin concentrations, the fractional composition of serum protein from SHR and WKY were undistinguishable. All animals, regardless of strain or sex, manifested a significant decline in the relative amounts of albumin and low molecular weight protein and a significant increase in the relative amount of high molecular weight protein with increasing age. The etiology and significance of these age related changes in the fractional composition of serum protein are unknown, but they differ from the normal developmental pattern in humans.
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PMID:Age-related changes in serum proteins of the spontaneously hypertensive rat. 326 24

This retrospective multicenter study has revealed 68 children with membranous glomerulonephropathy (MGN), accounting for 5.5% of all patients (pts) with nephrotic syndrome who were biopsied during the period of study. The total group includes 54 pts with idiopathic MGN (IMGN), 10 with lupus MGN (LMGN), and 4 who were ANA-positive but had no other features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Renal biopsies were examined by light (LM), immunofluorescent (IF), and electron microscopy (EM), and the findings compared with clinical features within and between the IMGN and LMGN groups. The LMGN pts tended to be more frequently female and older, and differed significantly from the IMGN pts by being more frequently hypocomplementemic (70% v 4%, p less than 0.001), and having higher levels of total serum protein (6.6 +/- 1.2 v 5.1 +/- 1.0, p less than 0.03), and serum albumin (2.9 +/- 0.7 v 2.2 +/- 0.8, p = 0.03). There was no significant difference in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or the frequency of hypertension or hematuria between the two groups. Pathologic features that differed between LMGN and IMGN included diffuse mesangial hypercellularity (44% v 7%, p = 0.01), glomerular electron-dense subendothelial deposits (78% v 13%, p = 0.001), and mesangial deposits (100% v 31%, p = 0.002). The frequency of focal mesangial hypercellularity and of mesangial sclerosis, tubulointerstitial disease, and frequency of glomerular immunoreactants did not differ between the groups. Limited follow-up of the pts has revealed no difference in outcome between the IMGN and LMGN pts. We conclude that differentiation between IMGN and LMGN in children, as in adults, may be difficult on pathologic grounds alone and that the separation can only be made by established clinical and laboratory criteria of SLE.
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PMID:Comparison of idiopathic and systemic lupus erythematosus-associated membranous glomerulonephropathy in children. The Southwest Pediatric Nephrology Study Group. 348 1

The occurrence of hypertension and its precursors is examined in the Framingham Offspring Study of 2,027 men and 2,267 women ages 20-49 years followed for 8 years. The age-specific prevalence of hypertension was similar at both the first (1971-1975) and the second (1979-1983) examination for both men and women. Prevalence rates were higher among men than among women, and there was a higher rate of hypertension treatment at the second exam, particularly among women, 75% of whom reported being treated for hypertension. The incidence of hypertension in participants free from hypertension at the first examination increased threefold from the second to the fifth age decades in men and eight-fold in women. Under age 40, men were twice as likely as women to develop hypertension, but after age 40, 8-year incidence rates were similar in men (14.2%) and women (12.9%). Adiposity, relative weight, heart rate, alcohol intake, hematocrit, blood sugar, serum protein, triglyceride, and phosphorous were all related to hypertension occurrence in one or both sexes, controlling for age. In multivariate analysis, adiposity (P less than 0.01), heart rate (P less than 0.01), and triglyceride (P less than 0.05) were all significant independent predictors of hypertension in men. In women, adiposity (P less than 0.001), heart rate (P less than 0.01), hematocrit (P less than 0.05), and alcohol consumption (P less than 0.05) were independent contributors. When controlling for blood pressure measured at the first examination, the best single predictor of hypertension incidence, the multivariate assessment changed very little. Adiposity stands out as a major controllable contributor to hypertension. Changes in body fat over 8 years were related to changes in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Markedly obese women in their fourth decade were seven times more likely to develop hypertension than were lean women of the same age. Weight control deserves a high priority in efforts to prevent hypertension in the general population.
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PMID:Incidence and precursors of hypertension in young adults: the Framingham Offspring Study. 358 64

A long-term clinical and therapeutic study was performed in 47 patients with mesangial IgA glomerulonephritis. The male to female ration was 2.9:1. An episode of gross haematuria or the incidental discovery of asymptomatic microscopic haematuria with associated mild proteinuria heralded the apparent onset of renal disease. At the onset of observation 18 patients (38.2%) had high blood pressure. Other 17 patients developed hypertension during observation. Anaemia was uncommon. No essential abnormalities in serum protein and lipid patterns were found. Twenty-nine patients (61.6%) had higher levels of serum immunoglobulins--most frequently of IgA (42.5%). Twenty-two patients had low serum C3 levels (46.8%). The percentage of patients with renal failure increased from 21.2 to 36.1 during observation. Male sex, hypertension, proteinuria higher than 2 g/24 h, elevated ESR, high serum IgA levels, longer duration of the disease and older age of patients suggest an unfavourable outcome. Long-term treatment with a combination of azathioprine/acenocumarol, or indomethacin, or levamisole has no effect on the clinical manifestation and evolution.
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PMID:Clinical and therapeutic studies in mesangial immunoglobulin A glomerulonephritis. 366 42

Water-soluble fluorescent substances like lipofuscin were found in the protein fraction of mouse and human sera and had fluorescence characteristics with excitation and emission maxima at 335-340 and 435-440 nm for mice, and at 355-360 and 430-435 nm for human, respectively. When oxidized [U-14 C]linoleic acid was given intraperitoneally to mice, or added to the serum in vitro, both the fluorescence intensity and radioactivity of serum protein increased dose-dependently in the two tests. Also, the fluorescent substances responded well to acceleration of in vivo lipid peroxidation caused by carbon tetrachloride. These results indicate that the substances were some binding compounds between the degraded lipids and serum proteins, and that they could be taken as a parameter of in vivo lipid peroxidation. The distribution of the pigments in the serum proteins, albumin and globulins, was shown to depend upon the number of free amino groups in each protein which appear to be binding sites of degraded lipids. Spectral characteristics and some chemical properties of the substances suggest that they might not be conjugated Schiff bases formed from protein and malondialdehyde but might be due to some other stable compounds. Significantly high levels of the substances were observed in sera of patients with diabetes and hypertension.
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PMID:Fluorescent substances in mouse and human sera as a parameter of in vivo lipid peroxidation. 399 61

Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats with arterial blood pressure above 210 mmHg were taken for the present study after appearance of neurological symptoms. Regional cerebral blood flow, glucose metabolism, and protein synthesis rate were evaluated on the same brain section by means of triple-labelled autoradiographic techniques. Consecutive sections were used in the pictorial presentation of glucose, ATP, and serum protein extravasation. In addition, NADH-fluorescence was recorded. Two different patterns of hypertension-induced brain lesions could be distinguished: in two animals sharply demarcated cysts were visible in the cortical grey matter. In these animals no regional inhomogeneities of flow and metabolism were present remote from the infarct. In contrast, in three animals cysts were located in the white matter, leading to pronounced hemodynamic and metabolic disturbances throughout the brain. It is concluded that edema-induced brain swelling was the main cause for reduction in blood flow and metabolism.
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PMID:Regional cerebral blood flow, glucose metabolism, protein synthesis, serum protein extravasation, and content of biochemical substrates in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. 404 48

The first two cases outlined above with intractable massive proteinuria and uremia, were followed and treated with standard medical therapy and dialysis. After a period of study and demonstration of clinical deterioration both patients were given solutions containing sodium mercaptomerin. Within days there was a decline in urine protein excretion and a variable increase in serum protein concentration. The patients demonstrated an increase in blood pressure, which made hemodialysis treatment possible. No deleterious effects from the mercury salts were noted. These observations suggest that in selected cases nephrotoxic agents may be of value in decreasing massive proteinuria, and improving protein homeostasis in uremic patients. The ideal agent should be non-toxic to other organs and produce selective renal ablation (15). Although mercury is not the ideal agent, in these cases it did not produce observable side effects. This new method, applicable to dialysis patients with massive proteinuria, and of help in the control of uncontrollable hypertension in uremia, is an interesting new approach for our therapeutic armamentarium.
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PMID:Medical nephrectomy: the use of metallic salts for treatment of end stage massive proteinuria and renal hypertension. 633 53


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