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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The antihypertensive and tissue-protective effects of nitrendipine were studied after long-term treatment of rats with experimental hypertension. Nitrendipine had opposite effects in comparison with vasodilators like hydralazine or minoxidil. Nitrendipine lowered heart weights, plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels, and plasma renin activity, and was diuretic. Also, in spontaneously hypertensive rats that had been hypertensive for more than half of their life span prior to treatment, nitrendipine still had these effects. Nitrendipine prevented hypertension-induced mortality, even at subantihypertensive doses. Nitrendipine inhibited endothelin-1-induced DNA synthesis in isolated vascular smooth muscle cells as well as atherosclerotic plaque formation in cholesterol-fed rats.
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PMID:Long-term protective effects of nitrendipine in experimental hypertension. 172 94

Regression of cardiovascular structural changes is a main goal of antihypertensive treatment. Nitrendipine is a calcium antagonist of the dihydropiridine group that may be given once daily. In different animal models of experimental hypertension, nitrendipine was shown to reduce blood pressure (BP) and left ventricular (LV) mass, to prevent early mortality, and to limit the development of vascular lesions. It has also been proposed that nitrendipine is able to preserve tissue integrity and increase life span in malignant hypertension, because it prevents a deleterious calcium overload in the heart and arterial vessels. In humans, the effect of nitrendipine on LV mass has been evaluated in a limited number of studies with conflicting results. It has been shown that nitrendipine is able to increase the compliance of large arteries; its effect on vascular structural changes has never been reported. In this study, nitrendipine (20 mg o.d.) was given to 10 hypertensive patients. BP, (ambulatory BP monitoring) heart rate (HR), LV mass and function (TM echo, 2D guided), forearm minimal vascular resistance (min VR = BP/max blood flow--venous occlusion plethysmography--taken as an index of vascular STC), plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma catecholamines (NE and E), and aldosterone (ALD) were measured during placebo, after 2 and 6 months of treatment. BP was significantly reduced and HR was slightly increased. After 6 months of treatment a significant reduction of LV mass index (p less than 0.001) and of min VR (p less than 0.002) was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Regression of cardiovascular structural changes after long-term antihypertensive treatment with the calcium antagonist nitrendipine. 172 98

The cardiovascular effects of oxodipine, a new dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, were studied after i.v. administration to chloralose-anesthetized dogs, and compared with those of nitrendipine. Nitrendipine produced more marked decreases than oxodipine in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and in total peripheral resistance. No significant modification of heart rate was observed. Oxodipine decreased cardiac contractility, whereas nitrendipine increased it. This difference originated in reflex modifications, since both drugs, administered at doses of 30 and 60 micrograms/kg, decreased cardiac contractility during studies performed after cardiac autonomic blockade. Under these conditions, nitrendipine decreased heart rate, whereas oxodipine had no effect. The two drugs showed comparable effects on coronary and femoral vascular resistance. However, oxodipine caused a very marked persistent decrease of vertebral vascular resistance. On this local circulation, nitrendipine had a weak effect. The results from the present study indicate that oxodipine predominantly increases vertebral blood flow with a concomitant hypertension which is more moderate than after nitrendipine.
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PMID:Cardiovascular profile of oxodipine, a novel dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, in anesthetized open-chest dogs: a comparison with nitrendipine. 181 65

This study compared the efficacy and safety of 8 weeks of open treatment with the dihydropyridine calcium antagonists amlodipine and nitrendipine in mild-to-moderate hypertension. Interim analysis of data from 74 patients (43 male, 31 female) showed that amlodipine normalized diastolic blood pressure (less than or equal to 90 mmHg) in 95% of patients compared with 83% of nitrendipine-treated patients. Nitrendipine produced a statistically significant increase in heart rate at 2 and 4 weeks of therapy but there was no significant change in heart rate in amlodipine-treated patients. Amlodipine-treated patients reported fewer adverse events (26%) than did the nitrendipine-treated group (47%), with two patients from the nitrendipine group discontinuing treatment due to treatment-related adverse events. Adverse events in the amlodipine-treated group were mild to moderate. The incidence of flushing was higher in nitrendipine-treated patients (25%) than in amlodipine-treated patients (10%). This relative difference in the incidence of vasodilator-related side effects is probably explained by the gradual onset of effect with amlodipine.
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PMID:Amlodipine compared to nitrendipine for the treatment of mild-to-moderate hypertension. 183 37

Nitrendipine, a new calcium-channel antagonist, was used to treat 25 children (aged 6 months to 17 years) with severe hypertension. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures (mean +/- SEM) fell from 148 +/- 2/99 +/- 2 mm Hg to 128 +/- 4/77 +/- 3 mm Hg after 24 hours and to 121 +/- 2/75 +/- 2 mm Hg after 2 weeks. No further reductions in systolic or diastolic blood pressure were observed after continued therapy. Transient reflex tachycardia occurred during the first week of therapy. Other adverse effects were uncommon and included headaches, flushing, palpitations, and edema. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated at steady state after an oral dose of 0.56 +/- 0.04 mg/kg in 13 children. Although absolute oral bioavailability could not be determined, estimates of the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve, the apparent peak serum concentration, and the apparent time at which the peak serum concentration occurred indicated that both the rate of absorption and oral bioavailability are variable. Coadministration of nitrendipine with food decreased the rate of absorption and may have reduced oral bioavailability. A relationship between age and the apparent plasma elimination half-life of nitrendipine was not observed. Nitrendipine, 0.25 to 0.5 mg/kg per dose administered orally every 6 to 12 hours, appeared to be an effective and safe treatment for resistant hypertension in infants and children.
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PMID:Antihypertensive effect and pharmacokinetics of nitrendipine in children. 200 42

The effects of the vasodilator drugs hydralazine, labetalol, prazosin, and nitrendipine were studied on responses to K+ (124 mmol/L), noradrenaline, vasopressin, and angiotensin II in small human maternal intramyometrial arteries and on responses to K+, prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha, and angiotensin II in fetal stem villous arteries. The vessels were dissected from biopsy specimens obtained during term cesareans and mounted in organ baths. Hydralazine failed to inhibit responses to any of the agonists tested in the fetal and maternal arteries. Labetalol and prazosin decreased responses to noradrenaline but did not affect contractions induced by the other agonists in maternal arteries. In fetal arteries, which did not respond to noradrenaline, no effects of labetalol and prazosin were found. Nitrendipine inhibited responses to all the agonists tested in maternal arteries. In fetal preparations, the drug decreased responses to K+ and PGF2 alpha but did not affect contractions induced by angiotensin II. Vasodilator drugs applied for treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension show differential effects on human maternal and fetal uteroplacental arteries, depending on their mode of action and the agonists responsible for the contractile activation in these vessels.
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PMID:Effects of vasodilators on isolated human uteroplacental arteries. 201 93

We have realized an unicentric prospective study to assess the effects of Nitrendipine on carotid circulation and arterial blood pressure (BP) in essential, permanent, uncomplicated arterial hypertension. This randomized, double blind versus placebo trial concerned 21 mild to moderate hypertensive patients (pts) (WHO advices) aged from 35 to 65 years. After a 15 days washout, the pts were randomized in two groups: 11 pts received a 20 mg Nitrendipine tablet once a day and 10 pts received a placebo. BP control and ultrasonic carotid flowmetry were performed at J0 and J30. At J30, BP was normalized for 55% of pts under NT (versus 30% for placebo). This result correspond to a very significative decrease for systolic and diastolic BP and differential BP (Dif BP) without reflex tachycardia, under Nitrendipine, opposite to placebo. Ultrasonic carotid flowmetry variations are not significative excepting common carotid vasodilation under Nitrendipine. Under Nitrendipine, at J30, 5 pts show a decrease of a least 15% of the cerebral vascular resistances (responding patients); and 6 pts do not show any significative decrease of cerebral vascular resistances. For the responding pts, arteriolar vasodilation is then correlated to the decrease of BP and Dif BP, to the increase of carotid blood flow and to the arterial vasodilation; while there is no significative decrease of BP for non responding pts. It suggests an improvement of arterial compliance by a direct action on the arterial wall. Furthermore, inspite of a drop in diastolic parietal tension, there is not any group showing reflex tachycardia. Thus, antihypertensive efficacy of Nitrendipine seem to be principally subordinated to the improvement of arterial compliance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Relations between antihypertensive and vascular effects of nitrendipine]. 212 70

Nitrendipine was given to eight patients with chronic stable asthma prior to a histamine challenge study and compared in a double-blind cross-over fashion with placebo. There were no significant differences in either the bronchoconstrictor effects of histamine, or in oxygen saturation during the histamine challenges, suggesting that nitrendipine should be safely tolerated if used to treat hypertension in patients with airflow obstruction.
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PMID:Nitrendipine therapy in asthmatic subjects. 222 29

In a double-blind, randomized parallel-group investigation, a new angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitor, spirapril, was compared with a calcium antagonist, nitrendipine, in 266 patients with mild to moderate hypertension (diastolic blood pressure 96-119 mmHg). The object was to reduce the diastolic blood pressure measured 24 hours after intake of medicine to less than or equal to 90 mmHg. After monotherapy for four weeks with either 20 mg nitrendipine once daily or 12 mg spirapril once daily, the dosages were doubled in the patients in whom the desired blood pressure had not been obtained. After treatment for eight weeks, 12.5 mg hydrochlorthiazide daily was employed as a supplement in patients who had not yet obtained satisfactory blood pressures. Both methods of treatment resulted a lower number of patients who responded and lesser decreases in blood pressure than anticipated. No differences were found in the decreases in blood pressure resulting from the two therapeutic methods. The effect of supplementary hydrochlorthiazide to spirapril treatment was as anticipated while the combination with nitrendipine only resulted in a marginally extra decrease in blood pressure. Nitrendipine resulted in significantly more side effects and more patients defected from the investigation on account of side effects in the nitrendipine group (27%) than in the spirapril group (7%). This investigation had documented the abilities of nitrendipine and spirapril to reduce blood pressure and the side effects associated with this but does not predict whether the preparations can be employed to prevent the complications of hypertension which constitute the indications for treatment. Supplementing nitrendipine therapy with hydrochlorthiazide is not recommended.
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PMID:[Spirapril and nitrendipine in arterial hypertension. A comparison of therapeutic effects and tolerance]. 223 85

Rats were made hypertensive by implantation of a pellet of deoxycorticosterone (DOC). A low dose (1 mg/kg twice daily) of the calcium antagonist nitrendipine protects against the increase in total and ionic levels of calcium in the aorta produced by the elevated blood pressure, dissociating at least in part the hypertension from the rise in aortic calcium. Ionic (free) calcium was demonstrated in aortic smooth muscle cells by the pyroantimonate ultra-cytochemical method and the electron opaque reaction product quantitated by stereological techniques. As compared to the control group, nitrendipine did not increase the number of vesicles/micron with precipitate located adjacent to the sarcolemma. DOC however increased the number of subsarcolemmal vesicles with electron opaque precipitate and sarcoplasmic calcium. Nitrendipine administration to DOC-treated rats decreased the number of vesicles to that found in the control or nitrendipine-treated group while ionic calcium in the nitrendipine + DOC group was intermediate between the control or nitrendipine group and the DOC group. The total content of calcium measured by atomic absorption correlates with the observations of ionic calcium levels demonstrated ultracytochemically. Aortic dry weights of the DOC and DOC + nitrendipine groups were comparable and significantly greater than those in the control or nitrendipine groups.
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PMID:Effect of nitrendipine, a calcium antagonist, on the distribution of calcium in aortic smooth muscle cells of deoxycorticosterone-hypertensive rats. A quantitative ultracytochemical study. 231 Nov 4


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