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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of penbutolol 20-30 mg twice daily and of metoprolol 50-150 mg three times daily were studied in five and nine patients, respectively, with moderate hypertension. Both drugs significantly reduced blood pressure and pulse rate under basal conditions and in connection with exercise. Plasma catecholamine levels were not altered in supine or upright position, neither during penbutolol nor during metoprolol treatment. Following work there was an enhanced response in both plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline during penbutolol but only in plasma noradrenaline during metoprolol treatment. Both drugs effectively reduced basal plasma renin activity but only penbutolol abolished the renin response to work. Penbutolol significantly reduced urinary aldosterone excretion whereas metoprolol caused no significant changes. Neither penbutolol nor metoprolol affected maximal working capacity.
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PMID:Effects of penbutolol and metoprolol on blood pressure, plasma catecholamines and renin activity in hypertensive patients. 635 73

Penbutolol is a potent long-acting non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocker with partial agonist activity. A double-blind cross-over comparison of penbutolol given in a single daily dose and propranolol given twice daily in the treatment of ambulant patients with moderate hypertension is described. Fourteen patients completed the study and were treated with each drug for 12 weeks. Penbutolol in daily doses of 20-120 mg and propranolol in daily doses of 80-400 mg produced similar significant reductions in both supine and erect blood pressure. Penbutolol did not reduce heart rate to the same extent as propranolol, in equivalent doses. Penbutolol appears to produce adequate control of moderate hypertension when administered once a day, and this effect appears to be equivalent to divided doses of propranolol. No serious adverse effects were reported, although one patient receiving penbutolol experienced severe eye pains at a dose of 40 mg which resolved on crossing over to treatment with propranolol.
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PMID:Single daily dose penbutolol in the treatment of hypertension: a double blind crossover comparison with propranolol. 699 32

A single oral dose of 20 mg or 40 mg Penbutolol was given to two groups of ten untreated glaucoma patients. The drug significantly decreased intraocular pressure and was dose-related. The IOP response was paralleled with a decrease in pulse rate without significant effect on blood pressure. In another group 27 glaucoma patients, which were under sufficient IOP control following topical treatment with different antiglaucomatous agents, the daily peroral treatment with 40 mg Penbutolol did not result in a further decrease of IOP. However, a significant drop in pulse rate could be noted over the four weeks period of treatment in this series of patients. Blood pressure was, similar to the single does study, not significantly affected. Penbutolol treatment did not significantly change pupillary diameter, quantitative tear flow or corneal sensitivity. The potential usefulness of the drug in glaucomas with systemic hypertension or as additive treatment when topical treatment is insufficient is outlined.
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PMID:The ocular responses of oral administration of penbutolol in the glaucomatous patient. 701 Aug 84

Atenolol 100 mg and penbutolol 40 mg given once a day were both effective in controlling moderate hypertension, as judged by a randomised controlled, double-blind trial in 45 patients treated for six weeks. Both drugs significantly reduced the resting supine and erect blood pressures. No serious adverse effects could be attributed to either drug. Bradycardia occurred more frequently with atenolol than with penbutolol. Penbutolol, which possesses intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, may be useful in the treatment of patients in whom some other beta-blocker has failed to bring about adequate control of the blood pressure, despite marked bradycardia.
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PMID:Use of fixed doses of beta blocking drugs in the treatment of hypertension. Randomised study of atenolol and penbutolol. 704 70

Penbutolol is a non-selective beta-blocking drug with 'moderate' intrinsic sympathomimetic (partial agonist) properties, and a relatively narrow dose-response range. In many other aspects its pharmacological profile resembles that of propranolol. Significant beta-blockade, as demonstrated by reduction in heart rate during exercise in healthy subjects, persists for at least 24 hours after penbutolol administration, and thus the recommended dosage schedule in both hypertension and angina involves single daily doses (20 or 40mg daily) in most patients, with a divided dose (40mg twice daily) if a higher dose is needed. However, most angina prophylaxis studies to date have not been designed to clearly demonstrate that the beneficial effects of beta-blockade with a single dose of penbutolol extend throughout a 24-hour dosing interval. Further studies are needed to provide such evidence. As might be expected, penbutolol appears to be about as effective as usual doses of propranolol in both mild to moderate hypertension and in angina, but much of the clinical experience with the drug is in unpublished form and is thus somewhat difficult to evaluate in detail. The choice of a beta-blocking drug should be based on a knowledge of the characteristic pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of the individual drugs within this group, and on careful consideration of how these properties might be used to benefit the individual patient. As is the case with most other beta-blocking drugs, penbutolol has some specific properties (e.g. relatively narrow dose-response range minimising the difficulty of dose titration, moderate intrinsic sympathomimetic activity) which may be used to advantage in certain patients.
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PMID:Penbutolol: a preliminary review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in hypertension and angina pectoris. 726 52


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