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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of penbutolol (Hoe 893 d), a new non-selective beta-receptor blocking agent, were studied in 5 patients with moderate hypertension. Initially, it was shown that 2-4 mg given orally once or twice daily tended to lower blood pressure and pulse rate, both at rest and following submaximal work. In prolonged trials (3-8 months) 4-60 mg/day were required to produce an acceptable antihypertensive effect. Penbutolol had no effect on the normal increase in plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline on standing, nor did it alter basal urinary catecholamine excretion. Submaximal work caused no significant change in plasma catecholamines before treatment, but there was a marked rise both in plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline during treatment with penbutolol. In short term studies there was a fall in plasma renin by 4 hours after oral administration of penbutolol 2-4 mg, which persisted for 24 hours. Prolonged treatment with penbutolol 20-30 mg twice daily inhibited renin production under basal conditions and following submaximal work, as well as lowered basal urinary aldosterone excretion. In one patient slight asthmatic symptoms appeared after treatment for 3 months with penbutolol. In other respects penbutolol was well tolerated.
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PMID:Long term treatment of moderate hypertension with penbutolol (Hoe 893d). I. Effects on blood pressure, pulse rate, catecholamines in blood and urine, plasma renin activity and urinary aldosterone under basal conditions and following exercise. 0 98

The effect of insulin-induced hypoglycemia on the blood levels of catecholamines and renin activity has been studied in five patients with moderate hypertension before and after treatment for 3 - 8 months with penbutolol (PEN) 20 - 30 mg twice daily. Penbutolol caused no change in fasting blood glucose level. Insulin o.1 IU per kg body weight i.v. reduced blood glucose concentration by approximately 50 per cent after 30 - 45 min, both before and during treatment with penbutolol. Hypoglycemia prior to medication was accompanied by a marked increase in the production of adrenaline and a minor increase of noradrenaline in all five patients. During treatment the response of adrenaline to hypoglycemia was reduced in four patients and the data was inconclusive in one. Basal renin activity was rather low in three patients, within the normal range in one and relatively high in one. Before penbutolol the hypoglycemia-induced increase in catecholamine production caused no change in plasma renin activity in the three patients with low basal levels, whereas a marked increase was observed in the other two. During medication plasma renin activity remained unchanged on induction of hypoglycemia regardless of the catecholamine response. Despite the marked increase in plasma adrenaline following insulin-induced hypoglycemia, no statistically significant increase in pulse rate was recorded.
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PMID:Long term treatment of moderate hypertension with penbutolol (Hoe 893d). II. Effect on the response of plasma catecholamines and plasma renin activity to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. 0 1

In various kinds of hypertension clonidine induced a decrease in urinary catecholamines, plasma renin activity and urinary aldosterone, concommitant with a fall in blood pressure and pulse rate in both short term and chronic studies. Furthermore, clonidine lowered the plasma levels of noradrenaline and adrenaline but a postural increase in upright position still occurred. The capacity to increase renin during salt restriction seemed mainatined. When clonidine was withdrawn all parameters returned to pretreatment levels but in some cases a marked rebound increase in catecholamine production was seen. --During clonidine the increase in catecholamines and renin after insulin induced hypoglycemia was largely abolished. Under basal conditions oral penbutolol induced a decrease of pule rate and blood pressure but no change in plasma or urinary catecholamines. During treatment plasma renin was suppressed at rest and after exercise. A work load, which led to only minor changes in blood catecholamines before treatment, was associated with a marked increase during penbutolol. Medication with penbutolol reduced the response in plasma catecholamines after hypoglycemia and renin activity remained low. Clonidine seems to act mainly by central inhibtion of symapthetic tone. Penbutolol probably acts mainly peripherally but may also have a central effect.
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PMID:The effect of clonidine and penbutolol, respectively on catecholamines in blood and urine, plasma renin activity and urinary aldosterone in hypertensive patients. 23 81

Penbutolol is a new beta-adrenergic blocking drug approved for the treatment of hypertension. It is a noncardioselective beta-blocker and has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. The drug is approximately four times as potent as propranolol when taken orally. After oral administration, it is almost completely absorbed and peak plasma concentrations are achieved within 1.0 to 2.25 hours. Penbutolol is extensively metabolized in the liver by hydroxylation and glucuronidation. Active metabolites have not been identified. Only four to six percent of the parent drug is eliminated in the urine unchanged and dosage adjustment in renal insufficiency does not appear to be necessary. The mean terminal half-life of penbutolol is 17.6 to 26.5 hours. The duration of the hypotensive effect is approximately 24 hours. Current dosing guidelines recommend initiating therapy with 20 mg/d administered once a day. Optimum hypotensive effect occurs at dosages of 20-40 mg/d with little additional benefit observed above this range. Penbutolol appears to be well tolerated. The adverse effect profile is similar to other beta-blockers.
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PMID:Penbutolol: a new beta-adrenergic blocking agent. 218 95

Penbutolol and carteolol are two new long acting, nonselective beta-adrenergic blockers which have been approved for the treatment of systemic hypertension. Both drugs have intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (partial agonist activity), however, less than that seen with pindolol. They appear to cause less resting bradycardia than propranolol, have no effect on lipids and lipoproteins, and have favorable side effect profiles.
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PMID:Penbutolol and carteolol: two new beta-adrenergic blockers with partial agonism. 218 2

Thirty patients suffering from WHO I-II class slight-moderate essential arterial hypertension were treated with a beta-blocker (Penbutolol) alone and once a day to assess its antihypertensive effectiveness and its affect on heart frequency, lipid metabolism and kidney function. The drug proved highly effective in reducing P.A.S. and P.A.D. values and no negative influence was documented on lipid metabolism, kidney function or heart frequency.
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PMID:[Validity of the use of penbutolol in essential arterial hypertension]. 235 2

Dose-response relations with penbutolol--a beta-adrenergic blocking agent--were evaluated in a double-blind multiclinic study conducted in 302 outpatients with mild to moderate hypertension (untreated supine diastolic blood pressure [BP] greater than or equal to 95 and less than or equal to 115 mm Hg). Penbutolol was administered once daily in 10, 20 or 40 mg doses for 6 weeks and compared with placebo. Mean declines from baseline in supine diastolic BP were comparable in the 3 penbutolol treatment groups and significantly superior to placebo (p less than 0.05). A significant difference between penbutolol dosage groups was observed only for supine systolic BP; the mean decline at 20 mg/day was significantly larger than that at 10 mg/day (p less than 0.05). Maximum BP response developed in approximately 4 weeks at 10 mg/day and in 2 weeks at the higher dosages. Decline in mean heart rate after 6 weeks of penbutolol therapy significantly exceeded placebo only at 40 mg/day (7.2 vs 2.5 beats/min, p less than 0.05). Treatment was well-tolerated and discontinued because of adverse effects in only 7 patients receiving penbutolol and 3 receiving placebo. The lack of significant bradycardia and the low incidence of other troublesome adverse effects are potential advantages during antihypertensive therapy with penbutolol. With rapid onset of effect and good efficacy and tolerability, the 20 mg once-daily dose appears to be optimum for therapy with this new agent.
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PMID:Usefulness of penbutolol for systemic hypertension. Penbutolol Research Group. 265 25

Penbutolol and propranolol were administered orally in a dosage of 40 mg once daily and 80 mg twice daily, respectively to 12 patients with hypertension and impaired renal function. Both drugs caused a significant decrease in mean arterial pressure and heart rate. Serum creatinine concentration increased significantly by 10% during therapy with propranolol without concomitant decrease in creatinine clearance. No such effect was seen with penbutolol. GFR measured with [125I]-iothalamate showed no significant changes with both drugs.
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PMID:Comparison of the effects of penbutolol and propranolol on glomerular filtration rate in hypertensive patients with impaired renal function. 353 29

Penbutolol has proved particularly effective and suitable for the treatment, even on a long-term basis, of recently developed hypertension, especially in its hyperkinetic forms. The drug produces minimal side effects, is well tolerated and gives an early therapeutic response. In addition penbutolol does not cause any significant alterations in the biohumoral parameters of the patients treated and is ideal for combination with dihydralazine, reserpine and dihydrochlorotiazide in the treatment of more stubborn cases, making it possible to reduce the doses of the other drugs without causing bradycardia.
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PMID:[Penbutolol and arterial hypertension]. 365 10

The efficacy and tolerability of penbutolol alone and in combination with piretanide at two dose levels were investigated in a double-blind parallel group study in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. All three treatments were given as a single daily dose. One hundred and eight patients entered the study; 82 completed a 7-day placebo run-in period followed by 3 weeks of active therapy. Penbutolol 20 mg plus piretanide 3 mg and penbutolol 40 mg plus piretanide 6 mg both produced a significantly greater reduction in supine diastolic blood pressure (16% and 19% respectively) than penbutolol 20 mg (9%). The reduction in supine diastolic blood pressure was significant for all three treatments with respects to the baseline reading. Side-effects were generally mild and transient and were similar in type and incidence in the three groups. Six patients did not complete the trial period because of an excessive response to the hypotensive medication: five in the high dose combination group, and one in the low dose combination group. Low doses of penbutolol (20 mg) and piretanide (3 mg) used in combination and in a once-daily administration provide a simple, effective and well tolerated regimen for patients with mild to moderate hypertension.
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PMID:Efficacy of penbutolol + piretanide combinations in the treatment of arterial hypertension. 391 60


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