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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diazoxide is given by rapid intravenous injection for the urgent reduction of high blood pressure in patients with all grades of renal function. Oral diazoxide produces less consistent effects. Protein binding of diazoxide is reduced in renal failure and this can be related to reduction of albumin concentration. There is a relation between impairment of renal function and the hypotensive effect of rapidly injected diazoxide. This is explicable in terms of the greater concentration of free (unbound) drug achieved after rapid injection in patients with renal failure. Renal clearance of diazoxide and its metabolites is impaired in renal failure but this is unlikely to affect its activity.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics and response to diazoxide in renal failure. 32 7

Diazoxide, 300 mg as a single bolus injection, is widely used to treat severe hypertension. Although usually effective, this standard dosage may decrease the blood pressure too much, inducing hypotensive problems. In this study 32 patients with a diastolic blood pressure above 125 mm Hg were treated with smaller bolus injections, 105 or 150 mg, which were repeated every 5 minutes as needed to reduce the diastolic pressure to 110 mm Hg or less. Seven patients of the 32 patients needed only one injection of 150 mg; only one patient needed more than three injections. This individual titration with mini-bolus injections of diazoxide was effective and did not induce hypotension or other side effects.
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PMID:Individual titration of diazoxide dosage in the treatment of severe hypertension. 42 Jan 13

In ten hypertensive late pregnant women with passing crises of hypertension cardiovascular analysis with the method of quantitative sphygmometry, the unbloody recording of the blood pressure and the direct electronic measuring of the pulse wave velocity were made before and after the intravenous injection of 300 mg Diazoxid (Hypertonalum). This drug is recommended to the treatment of severe preeclampsia and eclampsia because of lessening the arterial blood pressure and the total peripheral resistance, increasing the heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output.
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PMID:[The haemodynamic principle of action of diazoxide (hypertonalum) in the treatment of acute hypertensive crises in late pregnant women (author's transl)]. 46 55

Diazoxide, clonidine and labetalol, administered intravenously in fixed doses, were used to treat 30 episodes of severe hypertension in 27 patients. Labetalol in a fixed dose of 100 mg proved ineffective treatment. Diazoxide 300 mg and clonidine 300 micrograms were comparable in effectiveness. Drowsiness was a common side effect with administration of clonidine (in six of 10 patients) and severe hypotension occurred in one patient who was given diazoxide.
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PMID:Comparison of labetalol, clonidine and diazoxide intravenously administered in severe hypertension. 52 7

1 Diazoxide 300 mg and labetalol 150 mg were each injected intravenously on separate occasions into five patients with essentail hypertension. The reduction in BP caused by labetalol was slightly greater than that produced by diazoxide. 2 In contrast the reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF) by labetalol was not statistically significant, whereas diazoxide gave a greater and statistically significant reduction in CBF. 3 These observations suggest that labetalol may have an advantage over diazoxide for the rapid reduction in BP.
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PMID:Comparison of effects on cerebral blood flow of rapid reduction in systemic arterial pressure by diazoxide and labetalol in hypertensive patients: preliminary findings. 52 1

Malignant or accelerated hypertension is a life-threatening disease whose complications may be prevented by rapid reduction of the blood pressure. Diazoxide is presently regarded as the preferred therapeutic agent, but drugs such as trimethaphan, sodium nitroprusside, phenoxybenzamine and hydralazine may be useful in particular situations. Treatment is best carried out in an intensive care unit, where appropriate monitoring and study of the patient can be done. Since the introduction of antihypertensive agents the life expectancy of these patients, even those with renal insufficiency, has increased.
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PMID:Malignant hypertension. 64 66

Diazoxide was given orally to nine hypertensive patients with renal failure and its effect on blood pressure and on glucose metabolism was studied. There was no long-term antihypertensive effect. During treatment insulin release and glucose assimilation after an intravenous glucose load were frankly impaired, but this impairment was reversible after stopping the treatment. Two major complications (diabetic ketoacidosis and pancreatitis) were observed. In view of these observations, the authors are of the opinion that oral diazoxide is contraindicated in the treatment of hypertension in patients with renal failure.
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PMID:Oral diazoxide contraindicated in severe hypertension with renal failure. 81 Feb 87

Five children are described who developed hypertension in relation to acute neurological disease. Possible pathophysiological mechanisms for the hypertension are considered. It is thought that the hypertension may have been related to interruption of the ascending tracts in the brain stem, leading to failure of integration between, or independent action of, the baroreceptors and osmoreceptor system. Management and treatment are discussed. Diazoxide (5 mg/kg bodyweight, given intravenously) appears to be the most effective drug for use in the acute episodes.
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PMID:Hypertension in acute neurological diseases of childhood. 89 40

Diazoxide was administered to sixteen pediatric patients (ages 10 months to 13 years) with secondary forms of hypertension. Admission BP was 178+/-8/130+/-5 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM). Diazoxide was administered rapidly intravenously in doses ranging from 2 to 7.5 mg/kg. A significant (P less than 0.001), linear log dose-response relation was obtained which showed that a 3 mg/kg dose of diazoxide lowered diastolic BP by an average of 30 mm Hg. In five patients reduction of idastolic BP by a single injection of diazoxide was no different than when the same total dose was given as two or three small injections repeated at fifteen to twenty minute intervals. It is concluded that 1) many hypertensive children respons significantly to doses of diazoxide smaller than the usually recommended 5 mg/kg; 2) diazoxide has a significant dose-response relation in hypertensive pediatric patients; and 3) the desired blood pressure response in hypertensive children can be titrated using repeated small injections of diazoxide.
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PMID:Dose-response relation of diazoxide in children with hypertension. 92 46

Hypertension emergencies in childhood occur mainly in end-stage renal disease. In the management the intravenous administration of diazoxide (3--5 mg/kg) is of special importance. Diazoxide results in an immediate and prolonged effect in lowering the blood pressure in 15 children. Serious side effects were not observed. The experiences with the use of diazoxide in the treatment of hypertensive emergencies is discussed.
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PMID:[The acute crisis of blood pressure and its treatment in childhood (authors transl)]. 116 89


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