Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) the enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of noradrenaline from dopamine, was assayed in the blood plasma of 19 cases with hypertension before and during beta-receptor blockade. Propranolol was given to 15 patients and I.C.I. 66,082 (a new cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocker without intrinsic sympathomimetic properties) to 4 patients. - There was no effect by the drugs on the level of plasma DBH activity in spite of a good reduction of the blood pressure.
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PMID:Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase after treatment with beta-blockers in hypertension. 115 Mar 60

Thirteen patients with severe hypertension were treated with combined minoxidil, propranolol, and furosemide (mean daily doses 33 mg, 475 mg, and 578 mg, respectively) for nine to twenty-five months (mean 13.8). Average mean blood pressure while on aggressive therapy with conventional medication was 144 +/- 14 mm Hg; on minoxidil and propranolol it was 108 "/- 10 mm Hg (P less thator to optimum blood pressure control and required large doses of furosemide to control. Propranolol blunted the reflex tachycardia associated with arteriolar dilator therapy but all patients continued with a clinically hyperdynamic circulation. Seven of seven had elevated ejection fractions on echocardiogram, and two of three had elevated cardiac indices. Three of three who had heart catheterization had pulmonary hypertension which was aggravated by exercise. An additional three patients on hydralazine, propranolol, and furosemide also had pulmonary hypertension suggesting this is not unique to minoxidil. Two of thirteen developed pericardial effusions. Renal function improved in three and worsened in three.
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PMID:Long-term treatment of severe hypertension with minoxidil, propranolol and furosemide. 115 86

Statistical analysis of the realtion between blood pressure and renal function in 421 patients with CGN, referred to the Second Internal Medicine at Nihon University Hospital, and in 253 Hypertensive patients with CGN by questionaires sent to 29 Medical Universities were investigated. The relationship between survival rate and blood pressure of 84 patients with CGN in Surugadai Nihon University Hospital was also examined. These data show that antihypertensive therapy for CGN with hypertension has an important effect on prognosis. Propranolol was given to 10 hypertensive patients with CGN and hypotensive effect on renal function was observed. Our experience suggests that propranolol may be useful for treating a high renin component in the hypertension with non renal failure, and renal function does not become worse. But in renal failure, propranolol therapy must be used carefully because of inducement to cardiac failure.
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PMID:Therapy and prognosis of hypertension in chronic nephritis. 115 36

Twenty-six patients were selected for treatment with minoxidil on the basis of hypertension which could not be controlled either because of (1) drug failures and/or (2) side effects of drugs. Sixteen out of the 26 had had one or more previous episodes of malignant hypertension. Reduced renal function was present in the majority; eight patients were on dialysis. Average preminoxidil blood pressure was 202/127 mm. Hg supine and 162/106 upright which fell to 154/87 supine and 143/86 upright after minoxidil. Propranolol or methyldopa was given to control the reflex increase in heart rate. Edema and congestive heart failure refractory to large doses of potent diuretics necessitated discontinuation of the drug in two patients. Minoxidil proved highly efficacious regardless of initial level of blood pressure, etiology, or supine or upright posture.
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PMID:Minoxidil in severe hypertension: value when conventional drugs have failed. 116 28

Seventeen patients who were partially or totally refractory to maximal doses of conventional antihypertensive agents were treated with minoxidil. Three patients were receiving long-term maintenance dialysis. Propranolol and diuretics were given to prevent reflex tachycardia and fluid retention. Initial control of blood pressure was excellent in 16 patient. In one patient, diastolic blood pressure remained unchanged (120 mm Hg) despite 60 mg of minoxidil and volume depletion. In three other patients, secondary resistance developed, and the addition of guanethidine was necessary. The main side-effects were fluid retention (in eight) and hypertrichosis (in ten), accompanied in some by a peculiar coarsening of the facial features. Renal function stabilized or improved in most, and urine output increased in the three hemodialysis patients. We conclude that minoxidil is a valuable drug in severe hypertension.
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PMID:Severe hypertension. Treatment with minoxidil. 117 32

The effect of propranolol therapy on plasma renin activity and blood pressure control was evaluated in 35 uremic patients receiving intermittent center-based outpatient hemodialysis. Patients were determined to be either compliant or noncompliant with therapy based on the steady-state predialysis plasma propranolol concentration. Noncompliance occurred with remarkable frequency and was associated with persistent hyperreninemia and poorly controlled hypertension. Blood pressure control was significantly better in compliant patients, in whom plasma renin activity was generally, but not universally, suppressed. Propranolol can be effectively used in the management of hypertensive dialysis patients, but steady-state plasma propranolol levels should be measured to assess compliance in patients apparently refractory to treatment.
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PMID:Propranolol in hypertensive dialysis patients: efficacy and compliance. 118 40

In a health examination survey of 2322 middle-aged men the prevalence of hypertension, defined as supine DBP greater than or equal to 105 mmHg and including those on treatment, was 7.5%. All untreated and those inadequately treated were invited to a hypertension clinic. One year's treatment in 86 men achieved a BP reduction of 29/17 mmHg in supine and 27/16 mmHg in erect position. This reduction was maintained for a three-year period and considered satisfactory in 80% of subjects. Propranolol, alone or in combination with other agents, was used in more than 80% of the cases. Special considerations in treating asymptomatic individuals are discussed.
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PMID:Treatment of hypertension in middle-aged men. A feasibility study in a community. 126 65

An adequate propranolol dose to reduce 25% the initial heart rate was searched in 19 children with portal hypertension. 13 were pre-hepatic and 6 hepatic hypertension, mean age: 6.96 +/- 3.48 years, range: 2-14 years. Treatment was started with 0.5 mg/kg/day increasing 0.25 mg/kg/day every third day, needing an average of 26 +/- 13 days (range: 6-54 days) to obtain the response. Daily dose ranged from 1 to 5.25 mg/kg/day (mean: 2.69 +/- 1.16). The highest daily dose was 175 mg, the lowest 23.4 mg (mean: 58.27 +/- 36.6 mg/day). Some parameters were evaluated before and after achieving the dose. There was a significant reduction of mean blood pressure (p < 0.01) and peripheral venous pressure (p < 0.05) in 68.4% of patients. A significant elevation (p < 0.001) of 24 hour urinary catecholamine levels occurred in 94.7%. Side effects were minimal. Propranolol could be considered a safe pharmacological option in these patients.
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PMID:[Propranolol in children and adolescents with portal hypertension: its dosage and the clinical, cardiovascular and biochemical effects]. 134 Aug 25

To determine whether the release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) is sympathetically mediated, we studied the effects of beta-blockade by propranolol, ganglionic blockade with hexamethonium, or mechanical pithing on the blood pressure response to EDRF inhibition in anesthetized rats. We inhibited EDRF with 10 mg/kg of either NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) or N omega-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME). In controls, L-NMMA and L-NAME increased blood pressure by 14 +/- 1 (p less than 0.01) and 22 +/- 2 mm Hg (p less than 0.01), respectively. Propranolol lowered blood pressure from 98 +/- 3 to 72 +/- 4 mm Hg without altering the response to L-NAME (delta 26 +/- 3). This response correlated with the resting blood pressure (r = 0.87; p less than 0.001). Hexamethonium (25 mg/kg) lowered blood pressure from 118 +/- 6 to 85 +/- 4 mm Hg but did not change the response to L-NMMA (delta 15 +/- 1). In pithed rats, blood pressure was lowered, but the pressor response to L-NAME was unchanged. When blood pressure was returned to normotensive levels by angiotensin II, norepinephrine, or phenylephrine, L-NAME increased blood pressure by 50 +/- 2, 68 +/- 8, and 109 +/- 7 mm Hg, respectively (p less than 0.001). We conclude that an intact autonomic nervous system is not needed for the pressor response to EDRF inhibition. The enhanced response in pithed rats treated with vasoconstrictors may be due to removal of the buffering effect of the baroreceptors and the absence of EDRF, which would oppose vasoconstriction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hypertension 1992 Jun
PMID:Sympathetic modulation of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. 135 May 73

Evidence was sought for beta-adrenergic-induced increase in femoral vascular angiotensin production in sham-operated and nephrectomized rabbits. Systemic blood pressure and right femoral blood flow were monitored in anesthetized rabbits. Arterial and femoral venous plasma angiotensin II (Ang II) and angiotensin I (Ang I) were measured by radioimmunoassay after high-performance liquid chromatography. Isoproterenol, 1 and 10 nmol/min, was infused intrafemoral arterially, reducing femoral vascular resistance by 47 +/- 5% and 60 +/- 6% in the sham-operated group, and by 50 +/- 6% and 63 +/- 4% in the nephrectomized group, respectively. The hemodynamic effect of isoproterenol was blocked by 2 mumol/kg propranolol injected intravenously plus 0.2 mumol/min infused intrafemoral arterially, indicating that the effect was beta-adrenergically mediated. In the sham-operated group, arterial Ang II and Ang I levels were increased, respectively, by 85 +/- 16% and 103 +/- 23% with the low dose of isoproterenol, and by 121 +/- 13% and 563 +/- 126% with the high dose of isoproterenol. The apparent femoral Ang II secretion rate was increased by 3.2-fold and 4.4-fold, and the apparent femoral Ang I secretion rate increased by 4.3-fold and 21.2-fold, with the low and high dose of isoproterenol, respectively. Propranolol abolished or markedly attenuated the increased arterial angiotensin levels and the increased femoral angiotensin secretion rates. Neither the low nor the high dose of isoproterenol caused any increase in plasma levels or the apparent femoral secretion rates of the angiotensins in the nephrectomized group. Low plasma levels of Ang I and Ang II remained in the nephrectomized group, representing some locally generated angiotensins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hypertension 1991 Jun
PMID:Beta-adrenergic-induced local angiotensin generation in the rabbit hind limb is dependent on the kidney. 167 1


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