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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 3-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia had enlarged kidneys with impairment of renal function and hypertension as the presenting features of relapse. Ultrasound demonstrated multiple nodular areas of echolucency within enlarged kidneys that reverted to normal when the patient was in remission but then recurred during relapse. This noninvasive procedure may be useful in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia to determine the incidence and prognostic significance of renal involvement at the time of diagnosis, and to follow the course of those who have demonstrable changes.
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PMID:Severe infiltration of the kidneys with ultrasonic abnormalities in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 28 Nov 26

The blood pressure of 3,166 adolescents was measured periodically in Richmond during the period 1974-1977. The subjects were students in public and private schools and ranged in age from 14 to 18 years. Analysis of the readings showed minimal differences relating to age, sex, school and race but a strong correlation with obesity. Only two organic renal causes of hypertension were discovered. A 3 1/2-year followup of 902 students indicated significant tracking, with a correlation coefficient of .385 for systolic and .305 for diastolic pressure. At the conclusion of the study, 340 students (10.7%) were identified as needing followup for hypertension.
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PMID:Adolescent blood pressure in Richmond, Virginia, schools. 44 87

Serum human placental lactogen (HPL) levels were measured in high-risk pregnancies. A retrospective analysis of 101 gestations with a perinatal loss showed that the 71 stillbirths had abnormally low fetal-danger zone (F-D zone) HPL levels (50.7%) before the fetus died (normal smaller than 1%). With severe hypertension, 85.7% of the cases had F-D zone HPL values prior to fetal death. Abnormal low F-D zone HPL values were found in 20% of the 30 neonatal deaths. A 3 year randomized controlled treatment series was done with 2,7333 women (1,362 treatment and 1,371 control) who had serial serum HPL measurements performed at each prenatal visit. The frequency of F-D zone HPL values was similar (8.6% treatment and 8.2% control). The results showed that although the neonatal mortality rates were similar, the HPL treatment group had a significantly lower fetal death rate (2.6 vs. 14.2%) and thus perinatal mortality rate (3.4 vs. 15.0%). This study supports the usefulness of routine prenatal HPL measurements in the management of high-risk pregnancies.
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PMID:The effectiveness of human placental lactogen measurements as an adjunct in decreasing perinatal deaths. Results of a retrospective and a randomized controlled prospective study. 109 Nov 48

A 3-year old child was admitted for a third relapse of nephrotic syndrome associated with intracranial hypertension related to dural sinus thrombosis (tomodensitometry). The treatment consisted in the association of low dose heparin and fresh frozen plasma. After a 3 year-follow-up, there was no neurologic sequelae, and the nephrotic syndrome was on complete remission. The radiologic features and the management of sinus thrombosis are discussed.
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PMID:[Intracranial venous sinus thrombosis in nephrotic syndrome]. 133 61

The present study was designed to characterize the growth kinetics of the exaggerated proliferative response to mitogens of vascular smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats compared with cells from normotensive Wistar-Kyoto controls. Cellular DNA content, analyzed by flow cytometry, demonstrated a 4-h accelerated entry into the S phase of the cell cycle of vascular smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats; the significant (4.5-fold) increase in the percentage of cells in the S phase occurred between 8 and 12 h after calf serum stimulation. A 3.9-fold increase of cells in the S phase was seen in the normotensive controls only between 12 and 16 h. Transit through the cell cycle was quantitated by flow cytometry using the Hoechst 33,342--bromodeoxyuridine substitution technique. Vascular smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats went through the cell cycle 4 h ahead of cells from normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats. This accelerated transit of spontaneously hypertensive rat cells was mostly due to an earlier entry into the S phase. Persistence of this new intermediate phenotype in cell culture suggests its primary pathogenetic role in spontaneous hypertension.
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PMID:Accelerated entry of aortic smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats into the S phase of the cell cycle. 144 26

Vasopressin acts at a number of sites in the central nervous system to alter arterial pressure. This study investigated the hypothesis that vasopressin acts at the rostral ventrolateral medulla to increase arterial pressure. The rostral pressor area of the medulla oblongata was exposed in urethane-anesthetized rats prepared for topical application of vasopressin. A 3-minute application of vasopressin (range 10(-8) to 10(-3) M) produced dose-dependent increases in arterial pressure that averaged between 2 +/- 1 and 65 +/- 11 mm Hg (p less than 0.01). Tachycardia was not a consistent response at any concentration of vasopressin. Intravenous administration of a V1 vasopressin antagonist did not modify the pressor response produced by topical application of vasopressin (10(-4) M). Application of the V1 antagonist to the rostral pressor area, however, prevented the production of a pressor effect to subsequent topical application of vasopressin (10(-4) M). These experiments suggest that vasopressin stimulates the activity of vasomotor neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla by a mechanism that involves a neuronal V1 receptor.
Hypertension 1990 Feb
PMID:Cardiovascular actions of vasopressin at the ventrolateral medulla. 196 90

A 3-year prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the relation of red blood cell Na+/Li+ countertransport rates to the incidence of arterial hypertension. A total of 227 subjects (males and females aged 24-54 years)--a 20% representative sample of organized population--was followed up. The annual incidence of arterial hypertension was 4.3 among males and 2.7 among females. The baseline blood pressures and obesity in males and rates of Na+/Li+ countertransport in females were demonstrated to be factors associated with the incidence of arterial hypertension. The rate of red blood cell Na+/Li+ countertransport can be regarded as an independent biological risk factor for arterial hypertension.
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PMID:[Erythrocyte sodium-lithium countertransporter level as a risk factor of hypertension (prospective study data)]. 204 48

We used a human platelet alpha 2-adrenergic receptor probe to study the tissue distribution and messenger RNA (mRNA) forms of the rat alpha 2-adrenergic receptor. Under stringent conditions of hybridization and washing, we detected an mRNA species of 3.8 kb. The abundance of this form follows the order spleen, kidney, brain stem and cortex, and skeletal muscle and lung and is consistent with the reported abundance and tissue distribution of the alpha 2 receptor activity. A 3.0 kb mRNA form was also detected in cerebral cortex and brain stem and a 4.1 kb mRNA form was observed in kidney under less stringent hybridization conditions. The tissue distribution of the 3.0 kb form is different from that of alpha 1- and beta-adrenergic receptors and the D2 dopaminergic receptor. The mRNA analysis combined with Southern blot analysis of rat and human genomic DNA indicate that: 1) in addition to a 3.8 kb rat alpha 2-adrenergic receptor transcript, there are other mRNA forms in the rat that do not correspond to previously described adrenergic receptor mRNA species and 2) more than one alpha 2-adrenergic receptor gene in the rat is expressed in a tissue-specific manner.
Hypertension 1990 Jun
PMID:Expression of multiple alpha 2-adrenergic receptor messenger RNA species in rat tissues. 216 94

A 3-year-old child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) developed an acute hypertensive encephalopathy characterized by coma, focal seizures, right hemiparesis, global aphasia and cortical blindness. Episodic hypertension and seizures persisted for 24 h despite intervention with antihypertensive and anticonvulsant therapy. Clinical suspicion of cortical blindness was confirmed by visual-evoked potential studies. CT scans performed 14 and 21 days after the acute episode demonstrated symmetric occipital white matter lucencies compatible with ischemia and/or associated edema. Hypertensive encephalopathy with cortical blindness and symmetric white matter hypodense lesions visualized on CT scan have recently also been described in eclampsia of pregnancy. This report documents an unusual acute hypertensive encephalopathy in childhood MCNS, unassociated with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, or progressive focal glomerulosclerosis.
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PMID:Acute hypertensive encephalopathy in minimal change nephrotic syndrome. 225 60

Interactions between extracellular fibronectin and vascular cells are thought to influence the phenotype of those cells. To determine if changes in fibronectin expression accompany the phenotypic changes of vascular tissue characteristic of experimental hypertension, steady state mRNA levels for fibronectin were determined in aortae of normotensive and hypertensive rats. A 3-6-fold increase in fibronectin mRNA was observed in aortic tissue of hypertensive rats following 3 weeks of treatment with deoxycorticosterone and salt, whereas if rats were treated only with deoxycorticosterone or salt alone, no changes occurred. The changes were reversed by normalization of blood pressure. The increases observed were localized to aorta and not to the periaortic tissue. Angiotensin II infusion using osmotic minipumps also caused an increase in fibronectin expression. Age-dependent increases in aortic fibronectin mRNA occurred in several rat strains, and the combined effects of hypertension and aging were greater than either variable alone. A clear distinction between the expression of fibronectin mRNA and that for collagen or tropoelastin were found in hypertensive and aging models. Aortic fibronectin was also increased in the hypertensive rats as determined by Western blot analysis. The findings indicate that elevation in blood pressure increases fibronectin expression in rat aorta and suggest that such changes may influence the aortic cellular responses to hypertension.
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PMID:Effect of hypertension on fibronectin expression in the rat aorta. 225 39


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