Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The association of alleles of an insertion/deletion polymorphism (I/D) of the dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase-1 gene with hypertension is controversial. If a particular allele makes a major contribution to blood pressure, then hypertensives homozygous for this allele could be expected to have higher high blood pressure than those homozygous for the alternate allele. 2. The present study examined this hypothesis by comparing pretreatment blood pressures of hypertensives who had been genotypes for the I/D polymorphism. Blood pressures for different age groups (< 50, 50-59 and > or = 60 years) were also examined for each genotype. In addition, several other parameters were examined. 3. Systolic blood pressures were found to be 167 +/- 3, 167 +/- 3 and 170 +/- 6 mmHg (mean +/- s.e.) for the genotypes II, ID and DD, respectively. Diastolic blood pressures were 113 +/- 4, 111 +/- 2 and 111 +/- 4, for the respective genotypes. One-way ANOVA showed that the respective blood pressure values did not differ significantly across genotypes. Blood pressures for different age groups of hypertensives were also similar. 4. In addition, body mass index, mean age and sex did not differ between genotypes, either for the group as a whole or for the different age groups. 5. In conclusion, the present study could find no evidence to support a genetic association between the I/D polymorphism of DCP1 and blood pressure in a group with severe, familial hypertension living in Sydney.
 ...
PMID:Similarity of blood pressure for each genotype of the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase-1 gene in different age groups of patients with severe, familial essential hypertension. 788 86

The present study examines the effects of dietary magnesium on the development of hypertension and hypertensive vascular lesions in deoxycorticosterone acetate and salt induced (DOCA-salt) and 2 kidney one clip (2K1C) hypertensive as well as normotensive control rats. Animals received a regular (0.12% Mg), high (0.4% Mg) or low (0.03% Mg) magnesium diet for 6 wks. Dietary magnesium did not alter the growth or blood pressure in control, DOCA-salt and 2K1C rats even though the plasma magnesium concentration was significantly altered by the diets (ANOVA, p < 0.05 in control, DOCA-salt and 2K1C, respectively). Dietary magnesium did not alter the urinary potassium excretion, plasma sodium, potassium, total calcium concentration and plasma renin activity in any group, while the high magnesium diet significantly increased the urinary sodium excretion in DOCA-salt (p < 0.05) but not in control and 2K1C rats when compared with the regular magnesium diet. In histological studies, dietary magnesium did not alter the percentage media area of intramyocardial arteries, or glomerular and renal arterial and arteriolar lesions in DOCA-salt and 2K1C rats. This study suggests that moderate alterations of dietary magnesium do not modify blood pressure in normotensive control, DOCA-salt and 2K1C hypertensive rats, nor do they modify vascular disease in these 2 hypertensive models.
 ...
PMID:Effects of dietary magnesium on blood pressure and vascular lesions in hypertensive rats. 789 33

Intracerebral haemorrhage is a serious complication after carotid endarterectomy. We tried to identify predictors of this event. Two-hundred-and-thirty-three operations were selected from a total of 280 because of reliable intraoperative transcranial Doppler data with regards to the increase of peak blood flow velocities and pulsatility indices in the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery after release of the internal carotid artery cross-clamp. We also recorded the occurrence of unilateral throbbing headache or hypertension after the operation. Five patients developed an intracerebral haemorrhage after the operation. Seventeen patients developed headache or hypertension after surgery, four of whom developed an intracerebral haemorrhage (p < 0.001; Fisher's exact test). The positive predictive value of headache, hypertension, or both, for intracerebral haemorrhage was 24% (diagnostic gain 22%). The negative predictive value, sensitivity and specificity were 99, 80 and 94%, respectively. The increase of peak blood flow velocities and pulsatility indices in patients who developed intracerebral haemorrhage was significantly higher than in patients who did not (p < 10(-5); one-way ANOVA). With appropriate cut-off levels for the increase of peak blood flow velocities (> or = 175% increase) or pulsatility indices (> or = 100% increase) after release of the cross-clamps, the positive predictive value of intraoperative transcranial Doppler for intracerebral haemorrhage was 100% (diagnostic gain 98%). The negative predictive value, sensitivity and specificity were 99, 80 and 100%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Prediction of intracerebral haemorrhage after carotid endarterectomy by clinical criteria and intraoperative transcranial Doppler monitoring. 791 6

Essential hypertension is frequently associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. In vitro, insulin has vasodilator actions, but its possible hemodynamic effect on muscular vascular beds in humans is a matter of controversy. We investigated the effects of local hyperinsulinemia on the vascular responses to norepinephrine and physiological vasodilation during mental stress in the perfused-forearm model. Nine glucose-tolerant, normotensive, nonobese men (aged 22 to 36 years) participated. Forearm perfusion studies (venous occlusion plethysmography) were performed during randomized, double-blind intrabrachial artery infusions of insulin (to raise plasma insulin 100 microU/mL) or placebo for 2 hours. A mental stress test and stepwise intra-arterial infusion of norepinephrine (6 to 1200 ng/min) were performed during each infusion. Insulin infusion increased venous plasma insulin to 98.4 microU/mL and increased net glucose uptake threefold. Insulin had a gradual vasodilator effect (P < .05 by ANOVA), and after 90 minutes blood flow was 36 percent units higher relative to the control arm than during placebo (P = .005). During mental stress, forearm blood flow increased by 81% (t test, P = .006) and 92% (P = .01) in the study arm during insulin and placebo infusions, respectively (insulin versus placebo, P = NS). An increased forearm blood flow was maintained throughout the mental stress test during insulin infusion (ANOVA, P = .03). Forearm glucose uptake increased during stress, reflecting forearm hyperperfusion since fractional glucose extraction was unaffected by stress. The increased blood flow was maintained throughout the five norepinephrine dose steps (ANOVA, P < .04).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hypertension 1994 Dec
PMID:Effects of insulin on vascular responses to mental stress and norepinephrine in human forearm. 799 24

Protamine reversal of unfractionated and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) causes hypotension, bradycardia, pulmonary artery hypertension, and declines in oxygen consumption. Furthermore, protamine incompletely reverses the anti-Xa activity of LMWH. The present study assesses the efficacy and toxicity of three protamine variants having +16 and +18 charges in reversal of LMWH (Logiparin, LHN-1): [+16] P(AK2A2K2)4, [+18] PK(K2A2K2A)3K2AK3, and [+18B] acetyl-PA(K2A2K2A)4K2-amide. The [+18B] compound was made by acetylating and amidating the [+18] to decrease in vivo degradation and to increase the alpha-helix forming propensity. Variants were examined in a canine model (n = 7, each variant) and compared to controls (n = 7, each variant) and compared to controls (n = 7) reversed with standard protamine with a +21 charge. Animals were anesthetized, anticoagulated with LMWH (150 IU factor Xa activity/kg), and reversed with protamine variants (1.5 mg/kg with 100 IU/mg). Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), pulmonary artery pressures, oxygen saturations, and oxygen consumption (VO2) were continuously monitored. Comparisons were undertaken at baseline, after heparin, before variant administration, and for 30 min thereafter. A total toxicity score (TTS) was calculated for each variant, accounting for maximal declines in BP, HR, CO, and VO2 during the first 5 min after reversal. Protamine [+21] was most toxic, TTS -7.6, with the variants being less toxic (P < 0.01, ANOVA): TTS = [+16] -2.8, [+18] -1.3, and [+18B] -4.1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Reversal of low-molecular-weight heparin anticoagulation by synthetic protamine analogues. 801 15

Recent reports have shown that four distinct left ventricular anatomical patterns, with different hypertension severity and hemodynamic features, are associated with sustained arterial hypertension (normal anatomy, concentric remodeling, concentric hypertrophy and eccentric hypertrophy). The aim of this study was to evaluate left ventricular diastolic function in these different left ventricular anatomic patterns. To achieve this aim, 94 borderline-to-severe essential hypertensive patients (60 never treated before, 34 off treatment for at least 3 weeks before the study) underwent an echo-Doppler study; left ventricular thickness, dimension and mass index were obtained. Early (E) and late (A) transmitral flow velocity, their ratio (A/E) and the early filling fraction (EFF) were obtained by pulsed-wave Doppler and used as left ventricular diastolic function indexes. Differences between groups were evaluated by one-way ANOVA followed by Scheffe F-test. A normal left ventricular anatomy was found in 41 (44%), concentric remodeling in 17 (18%), concentric hypertrophy in 21 (22%) and eccentric hypertrophy in 15 (16%) patients. Early filling fraction and A/E ratio which resulted were significantly different for the groups (P < 0.001 and P < 0.002, respectively). As compared with the group with normal left ventricle, patients with concentric hypertrophy had significantly EFF and those with eccentric hypertrophy had significantly lower EFF and higher A/E ratio. Our results thus confirm the presence of distinct anatomical left ventricular adaptation patterns in arterial hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Diastolic function in the different patterns of left ventricular adaptation to essential hypertension. 802 Oct 53

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the diagnostic value of changes in active renin concentration during the captopril test (measurements of plasmatic active renin concentrations, before 12.5 or 37.5 mg of captopril p.o., and 30 and 90 minutes after) in order to screen a significant renal artery stenosis. After a renal angiography, 88 hypertensive patients suspected of renovascular hypertension were classified according to the percentage of stenosis in the main renal artery: class I (< 30% - n = 50), II (30 to < 75% - n = 21), III (75 to < 90% - n = 8) and IV (90 to 100% - n = 11). The results of the captopril test were compared to those of renal angiography. The active renin before the test (basal AR), the greater increase in active renin after captopril (max AR), the difference between max AR and basal AR (DIF) and the active renin relative change after the test (RC) were compared in the 4 classes (ANOVA). There were no differences in diastolic blood pressure (> or = 90 mmHg) natriuresis (100 mmol/24 h in mean) between these different classes. The basal AR, the max AR, the DIF and the RC significantly differed between the 4 classes. They were greater in class III and IV than in class I. The positive criteria for the captopril test were max AR, DIF and RC. The positivity thresholds were max AR > or = 70 ng/l, DIF > or = 50 ng/l and RC > or = 165% (upper limit in the class I 95% confidence interval for each criterion).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Captopril test for detecting renal artery stenosis: changes in plasma renin concentration]. 812 37

We assessed the effect of the vasodilating calcium channel blocker nitrendipine on glucose tolerance in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) (n = 15). The nitrendipine group received 1 g/kg chow for 3 weeks. Untreated SHR (n = 14) served as controls. At 3 weeks body weight was comparable, whereas systolic blood pressure was 157 +/- 9 mm Hg in nitrendipine-treated rats versus 191 +/- 10 mm Hg in controls (mean +/- SD, P < .00001). Fasting glucose was 6.8 +/- 2.7 mmol/L in nitrendipine-treated versus 8.9 +/- 1.5 mmol/L in control rats (P < .03). An intravenous glucose tolerance test (300 mg/kg) showed plasma glucose levels at 2, 5, 15, and 30 minutes to be significantly lower in the nitrendipine-treated group versus controls (two-way ANOVA, P < .03). Glucose utilization was estimated by the uptake of [3H]deoxyglucose after its intravenous administration (2 microCi/100 g body wt) to instrumented awake animals. Heart and striated muscle uptake was, respectively, 7983 +/- 5812 and 951 +/- 731 cpm.microL/g.min in the nitrendipine-treated group versus 3532 +/- 2316 and 424 +/- 201 cpm.microL/g.min in controls (P < .02 and P < .04, respectively). [3H]Deoxyglucose plasma half-life and fasting and post-glucose load insulin levels were comparable in the two groups. The results show that nitrendipine improves glucose tolerance by increasing muscle glucose uptake. We suggest that glucose tolerance in SHR is influenced by muscle blood flow and can be improved by vasodilation.
Hypertension 1994 Jun
PMID:Nitrendipine improves glucose tolerance and deoxyglucose uptake in hypertensive rats. 820 92

We examined the impact of hypertension and microalbuminuria on insulin sensitivity in patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus using the euglycaemic insulin clamp technique in 52 Type 2 diabetic patients and in 19 healthy control subjects. Twenty-five diabetic patients had hypertension and 19 had microalbuminuria. Hypertension per se was associated with a 27% reduction in the rate of total glucose metabolism and a 40% reduction in the rate of non-oxidative glucose metabolism compared with normotensive Type 2 diabetic patients (both p < 0.001). Glucose metabolism was also impaired in normotensive microalbuminuric patients compared with normotensive normoalbuminuric patients (29.4 +/- 2.2 vs 40.5 +/- 2.8 mumol.kg lean body mass-1.min-1; p = 0.012), primarily due to a reduction in non-oxidative glucose metabolism (12.7 +/- 2.9 vs 21.1 +/- 2.6 mumol.kg lean body mass-1.min-1; p = 0.06). In a factorial ANOVA design, however, only hypertension (p = 0.008) and the combination of hypertension and microalbuminuria (p = 0.030) were significantly associated with the rate of glucose metabolism. The highest triglyceride and lowest HDL cholesterol concentrations were observed in Type 2 diabetic patients with both hypertension and microalbuminuria. Of note, glucose metabolism was indistinguishable from that in control subjects in Type 2 diabetic patients without hypertension and microalbuminuria (40.5 +/- 2.8 vs 44.4 +/- 2.8 mumol.kg lean body mass-1.min-1). We conclude that insulin resistance in Type 2 diabetes is predominantly associated with either hypertension or microalbuminuria or with both.
 ...
PMID:Insulin resistance, hypertension and microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. 835 82

The effect of intravenous dipyridamole (0.7 mg/kg) on cerebral blood flow (CBF), mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), heart rate, respiration rate, cerebral electrical activity, arterial blood gases, pH, and glucose was investigated in 14 normotensive and 14 stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive anesthetized rabbits. CBF was measured by hydrogen and heat clearance. In both groups, MABP decreased (normotensive: -24 mm Hg, hypertensive: -47 mm Hg; ANOVA: P < 0.0001) and CBF increased (normotensive: +59 ml/100 g/min, hypertensive: +72 ml/100 g/min; ANOVA: P < 0.0002). CBF returned to the initial level 21 min later in hypertensive than in normotensive rabbits. Changes in other parameters were insignificant. In additional experiments, 30 mg/kg theophylline entirely prevented the cerebral vasodilator and systemic hypotensive effects of dipyridamole in both normotensive and hypertensive rabbits. We conclude that, in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rabbits, the longer-lasting and larger CBF increase in response to dipyridamole may be attributed to reversible functional changes in the cerebral vasculature resulting from hypertension.
 ...
PMID:Effects of dipyridamole in spontaneously hypertensive rabbits with diffuse chronic cerebral ischemia. 836 57


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>