Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The three major epicardial coronary arteries of a set of 472 autopsy cases divided into four groups: a) non-diabetics and non-hypertensive, 322 subjects; b) hypertensive, 75 subjects; c) diabetics, 57 subjects and d) hypertensive and diabetic, 17 subjects, were studied. Classical pathomorphological procedures and an atherometric system (AS), suitable to characterize the atherosclerotic lesions, was used searching for differences between the level of atherosclerosis into these four groups and its eventual progression according to the time of evolution of these diseases. Raw data processing was full automated and some univariate and multivariate statistical procedures (means, standard deviations, ANOVA, MANOVA and principal components analysis) were performed using two commercial statistical packages: "NCSS" and "SYSTAT". The most remarkable findings were the following: Diabetes and hypertension have both strong impact upon the rate at which the atherosclerotic process takes place in subjects affected by these diseases. The time of evolution of both diseases correlates positively and independently of age with the velocity of the atherosclerotic process at the three coronary arteries. The impact of diabetes seems to be stronger and is particularly expressed by the severe plaques (Z) while the effect of hypertension is specially observable at the fibrous plaques (Y). There seems to be no significant interaction (synergism) between the two risk factors upon the measurement of the atherosclerotic lesions, that is, they have an additive effect. Two simple underlying factors can be used to account for interindividual differences. These two factors are "dominated", respectively, by fibrous (Y) and severe plaques (Z).
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PMID:Atherosclerosis in diabetes and hypertension. A comparative morphometric study of their progression using an atherometric system. 180 26

The ability of continuous infusions of opioids to control hypertension at the end of neurosurgical procedures without compromising prompt emergence was studied in patients undergoing craniotomy for supratentorial tumours. Four infusion regimens were compared in a randomized double-blind fashion; three of alfentanil and one of fentanyl. Low-dose alfentanil was administered to nine patients (35.1 micrograms.kg-1 then a continuous infusion of 16.2 micrograms.kg-1.hr-1); mid-dose alfentanil to eight patients (70.2 micrograms.kg-1 then 32.4 micrograms.kg-1.hr-1); high-dose alfentanil to eight patients (105.3 micrograms.kg-1 then 48.6 micrograms.kg-1.hr-1). Eight additional patients were given fentanyl (8.3 micrograms.kg-1 then 1.6 micrograms.kg-1.hr-1). Using published values for the pharmacokinetic variables of alfentanil and fentanyl, modelling predicted stable concentrations of 60, 120, 180 ng.ml-1 for the alfentanil infusion regimens respectively and 2 ng.ml-1 with the fentanyl regimen. Maintenance anaesthesia comprised the opioid infusion, 50% N2O in O2 and isoflurane titrated to control mean arterial pressure (MAP) within 20% of ward MAP. Isoflurane was discontinued after closure of the dura. Nitrous oxide was discontinued at the same time as reversal of neuromuscular blockade. The opioid infusion was discontinued with closure of the galea. A greater time-averaged isoflurane concentration was required to control MAP within the prescribed limits in the low alfentanil group (ANOVA; P less than 0.05). The PaCO2 at two, five and 30 min after extubation were not different among groups. The times from discontinuing N2O to eye opening and tracheal extubation were not different. The time to follow commands was longer in the low alfentanil group (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Continuous opioid infusions for neurosurgical procedures: a double-blind comparison of alfentanil and fentanyl. 191 54

The data obtained from 2240 subjects aged 65 years or more from the general population of Castelfranco Veneto (Italy) included in the CASTEL (CArdiovascular STudy in the ELderly) epidemiological Italian project were analyzed in relation to coffee consumption. Subjects were divided into 3 classes: class 1 (N = 109): non coffee drinkers; class 2 (N = 1554): 1 to 2 cups of coffee per day; class 3 (N = 577): 3 or more cups per day. The results were described by ANOVA, Tukey post hoc test and Pearson correlation coefficient with Bonferroni's conservative correction. In classes 2 and 3 total cholesterol, apolipoprotein B100 and calculated LDL-cholesterol were higher than in class 1. The number of cups of coffee per day directly correlated to both the number of cigarettes per day and the number of drinks per week. Although these data seem to indicate a convergence of risk factors (cholesterol, smoking, alcohol) in coffee drinkers, no increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular events was found in coffee drinkers in comparison with non drinkers. This could be attributed to the fact that prevalence of hypertension and diabetes did not increase with increasing coffee consumption; on the contrary, they were lower in classes 2 and 3 than in class 1.
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PMID:[Cardiovascular effects of coffee consumption in the aged: the CASTEL epidemiologic study]. 209 28

The objective was to observe changes in rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) catecholamine metabolism using in vivo voltammetry following induced hypotension with halothane or nitroprusside (SNP). Rats anesthetized (halothane, metocurine) and ventilated were stereotaxically implanted with carbon microelectrodes in the RVLM. The catechol oxidation current (CA.OC, % baseline) was used as an index of RVLM catecholaminergic metabolism. Groups of rats (n = 5) were given (A) halothane 0.75% for 60 min; (B) halothane 2.75% plus phenylephrine infusion to maintain mean arterial pressure (MAP) for 30 min, then halothane 0.75% for 30 min; (C) halothane (2.5-3.0%) for 30 min (MAP 60 +/- 5 mmHg) then halothane 0.75% for 30 min; (D) halothane 0.75% and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) for 30 min (MAP 60 +/- 5 mmHg), then halothane 0.75% for 30 min. Halothane 0.75% produced no significant change in CA.OC or MAP (A), while halothane 2.5-3.0% produced a significant decrease in MAP and a symmetrical significant increase in CA.OC (ANOVA, P less than 0.5). This increase peaked at 30 min (180 +/- 28%) and reached 110 +/- 9% baseline at 60 min. The halothane and phenylephrine combination produced no significant change in CA.OC or MAP during the 30 min exposure (B). SNP (D) produced a significant increase in CA.OC (peak 48 min, 224 +/- 35%) which remained elevated at 60 min (198 +/- 32%). Thus, the induced hypotension produced activation of RVLM catecholaminergic neurons. SNP induced a prolonged significant increase in RVLM catecholamine metabolism which may relate to rebound hypertension following use of this drug.
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PMID:Changes in catecholamine metabolism in the rostral ventrolateral medulla following halothane and nitroprusside-induced hypotension: an in vivo electrochemical study. 211 86

This article reviewed & analyzed 33 studies of the Health Belief Model applied to korean chronic ill patients which were published from 1975 to 1990. The findings of analysis are as follows. The subjects of researchs are patients with various chronic illness including Pulmonary Tb., DM., Hemodialysis & Kidney Transplantation, Hypertension, etc. The type of research is retrospective survey in all studies. The measurement of health belief in all studies & sick role behavior in most studies have relied on self report. The analysis of the relationship between health belief and sick role behavior was done using correlation coefficient in most studies. To analyze empirical support for the relationship between health belief and sick role behavior, Significance ratio was computed. This ratio is value wherein the number of statistically significant findings with relationship in the expected direction for an HBM dimension are divided by total number of studies which reported significance levels for that dimension. Examination of this ratio across the 33 studies reveals susceptibility (30.3%), severity (34.4%), benefit (65.6%), barrier (50%). The following suggestions are based on the above findings and literature review. 1. It is necessary to develop the reliable, valid and standardized instrument for measurement of health beliefs. 2. In the further measurement of perceived susceptibility of the chronic ill patients. It is considering that the perceived susceptibility and perceived severity are measured together or the measurement of perceived susceptibility is eliminated. 3. Relationship between perceived severity and sick role behavior is suggested to be analized using ANOVA, chi 2 square instead of correlation coefficient. 4. Sick role behaviors should be measured by both self report and objective measurement. 5. Prospective, longitudinal survey should be needed. 6. Other factors influencing sick role behaviors of chronic ill patients should be investigated further.
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PMID:[Health belief model and sick role behavior of Korean chronically ill patients]. 221 55

Ewes of between 126-134 days of gestation (term 147 days) were anesthetized and underwent vascular cannula placement in the maternal and fetal jugular vein and carotid artery. A flow probe was placed around the uterine artery supplying the pregnant horn. A median of 7 days after surgery, the effect of nitrendipine (NIT) (2-8 micrograms/kg/min in stepwise increments of 30 min each followed by a 2-h recovery period) on maternal and fetal systemic arterial blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), the uterine blood flow (UBF), and blood gas tensions was determined (n = 5 experiments). Control experiments (n = 4) in which vehicle only was infused were also performed. The infusion of NIT was associated with a small fall in maternal systolic BP and a progressive fall in maternal diastolic BP (p less than 0.01, less than 0.001; two-way ANOVA); UBF did not change. Fetal systolic BP actually rose during the NIT infusion (p less than 0.02) but there was no difference in fetal diastolic BP. Both maternal and fetal HR rose in the NIT group. Fetal pH remained very stable throughout as did PaCO2. Fetal PaO2 fell somewhat during the recovery stages in both NIT and control groups. There is considerable interest in the possible use of calcium channel blockers in treating pregnancy-induced hypertension. These preliminary experiments provide no evidence in conflict with such a use.
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PMID:The effect of nitrendipine (NIT) on maternal and fetal blood pressure, uterine blood flow, and blood gas status in pregnant sheep. 246 95

Platelet activation factor (PAF)-, ADP and vasopressin-induced increments of platelet Ca2+ concentration were measured by quin-2 in 64 patients with essential hypertension and 16 normal donors. Basal concentration of free Ca2+ was 87 +/- 4 nM in donors, 106 +/- 5 nM in patients with labile hypertension (LH) and 122 +/- 6 nM in those with stable hypertension (SH) (p less than 0.01). PAF, ADP and vasopressin, added to platelets, increased [Ca]in by 448 +/- 58, 397 +/- 66, and 277 +/- 50 nM, respectively, in the donors, by 473 +/- 57, 479 +/- 54 and 195 +/- 32 nM, in LH patients, and by 607 +/- 85, 584 +/- 73 and 245 +/- 41 nM in SH patients. There were no significant variations between the three samples, using the ANOVA test. In 20 patients, whose both parents had essential hypertension, [Ca]in increment was 738 +/- 8 nM for PAF, 682 +/- 90 nM for ADP, and 320 +/- 61 nM for vasopressin. In 19 patients, who admitted to no essential hypertension in the family, these parameters were significantly lower: 310 +/- 40 nM for PAF, 389 +/- 61 nM for ADP, and 147 +/- 26 nM for vasopressin. The demonstrated changes may be making an important contribution to the maintenance of elevated vascular tone and provide an evidence in favor of a genetically-predetermined EH variety.
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PMID:[Receptor-dependent regulation of the concentration of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm of thrombocytes in hypertensive patients]. 284 37

In mild hypertension, a betablocker treatment could reduce cardiovascular events. But in smoking men the benefit disappears and this interaction is unexplained. In 6 healthy non smoking men, we studied the effects of acute oral administration of propranolol (80 mg) pindolol (15 mg) and placebo after cigarette smoking (CS) (two cigarettes within 10 minutes). In a double blind cross over randomized study, arterial pressure and heart rate (HR) were recorded within 20 minutes after CS. Brachial artery diameter (D), Local vascular Resistance (RL), Local arterial Compliance (CL) and pulse wave velocity (VOP) were determined non invasively (using a pulsed doppler system) before and 20 mn after CS. Under placebo, mean arterial pressure (PAM), HR and RL increased significantly after CS (+9.2 +/- 3 mmHg, +4.5 +/- 3 b/mn and +36 +/- 14 per cent, respectively). These modifications were not different after propranolol, pindolol or placebo (ANOVA). Arterial distensibility (CL) was decreased after CS and this alteration was not prevented by beta-blockers. Brachial artery diameter was not modified after CS. Our results demonstrate that acute treatment with non selective beta-blockers with or without sympathomimetic intrinsic activity does not prevent haemodynamic modifications induced by cigarette smoking.
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PMID:[Effects of beta-blockers on hemodynamics of the forearm after tobacco stimulation]. 290 27

In a double blind, crossover study 6 h infusions of adrenaline (15 ng/kg/min; 1 ng = 5.458 pmol), noradrenaline (30 ng/kg/min; 1 ng = 5.911 pmol), and a 5% dextrose solution (5.4 ml/h), were given to ten healthy volunteers in random order 2 weeks apart. By means of intra-arterial ambulatory monitoring the haemodynamic effects were followed for 18 h after the infusions were stopped. Adrenaline, but not noradrenaline, caused a delayed and protracted pressor effect. Over the total postinfusion period systolic and diastolic arterial pressure were 6 (SEM 2)% and 7 (2)%, respectively, higher than after dextrose infusion (ANOVA, p less than 0.001). Thus, "stress" levels of adrenaline (230 pg/ml) for 6 h cause a delayed and protracted pressor effect. These findings are strong support for the adrenaline-hypertension hypothesis in man.
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PMID:Support for adrenaline-hypertension hypothesis: 18 hour pressor effect after 6 hours adrenaline infusion. 256 20

The effects of essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) on vascular reactivity to vasoconstrictor stimuli were studied in rat autoperfused hindquarters. Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 21 days) were fed diets containing 8% (weight/weight) of stearax plus 2% safflower oil (control diet) or 10% stearax (EFAD diet) for 8 weeks. There was no difference in systemic blood pressure or body weight between the two groups. Basal production of immunoreactive 6-keto-PGF1 alpha by aortic segments was much less in EFAD aortae than in control aortae. In contrast, immunoreactive 6-keto-PGF1 alpha produced by incubating aortic segments with exogenous arachidonic acid (12 mumol/l) was much greater in EFAD aortae than in control aortae. Moreover, conversion of [14C]-arachidonate to [14C]-6-keto-PGF1 alpha was more pronounced in EFAD aortae than in control aortae. Vasoconstrictor responses to noradrenaline (0.01-1.0 mumol/l) and angiotensin II (0.001-1.0 mumol/l) infused into the blood perfused hindquarters were then examined. The rats on the EFAD diet were more sensitive to both noradrenaline and angiotensin II than rats on the control diet (P less than 0.05, two-way ANOVA). Thus, a deficiency of essential fatty acids can lead to increased vascular sensitivity to vasoconstrictor stimuli. Deficiency of arachidonic acid in phospholipid stores is also accompanied by augmented cyclo-oxygenase activity in the vessel wall, similar to that observed previously in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and rats with one kidney renovascular hypertension.
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PMID:Increased vascular reactivity induced by essential fatty acid deficiency in rat autoperfused hindquarters. 312 60


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