Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The metallothionein (MT) synthesis was induced in the liver of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats through sc injections of CdCl2 for 3 and 6 days. The MT contents of the liver of these animals and of untreated rats from both groups were determined by gel filtration, HPLC, SDS/PAGE and amino acid analysis. The isoforms MT1 and MT2 were identified and their Cd, Zn and SH-group contents were determined. The SHR showed significantly higher values of MT than WKY rats in the untreated animals and on the 3rd day of the induction. On the 6th day, the MT levels in both groups were equal. The Cd and Zn contents followed the MT concentration in the homogenates. The possible relation between the arterial hypertension and the zinc and copper homeostasis is discussed.
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PMID:Metallothioneins in spontaneously hypertensive rat liver. 129 4

Evidence suggests an important role for the renin-angiotensin system in the pathogenesis of autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Therefore, we studied the presence of immunoreactive renin in renal biopsies and measured the concentrations of renin in cyst fluids. Normal kidneys and kidneys with renal artery stenosis were used for comparison. In ADPKD, immunoreactive renin was present in juxtaglomerular apparatus, associated arterioles, and in some cells within the connective tissue surrounding the cysts. Vascular immunoreactive renin was less prominent than in renal artery stenosis. Increased amounts of tubular immunoreactive renin were noted in polycystic kidneys, as compared to normal kidneys and kidneys with renal artery stenosis. Cyst fluids contained renin detected by Western analysis and enzymatic activity; concentrations were greater in gradient cysts than in nongradient cysts. Seventy-four percent of the renin in gradient cysts was active as compared to 23% in nongradient cysts and 15% in plasma. To determine whether cyst epithelial cells are capable of synthesizing renin, these cells were isolated in tissue culture. Enzymatic assay of extracts from these cells revealed the presence of renin-like enzymatic activity (1.3 +/- 0.8 ng AI/mg protein/hr). The synthesis of renin by tubulocystic epithelium was confirmed by [35S]-methionine radiolabeling of cyst-derived cells, followed by immunoprecipitation and SDS-PAGE and by detection of renin mRNA by the polymerase chain reaction. These results indicate that the tubulocystic epithelium has the potential to synthesize renin. Elevated levels of active renin in renal cysts may be linked to the pathogenesis of hypertension in ADPKD. The occurrence of renin in the lining epithelium of cyst walls raises the possibility that abnormal expression of the renin-angiotensin system may, by a paracrine or autocrine mechanism, regulate epithelial hyperplasia in growing renal cysts.
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PMID:Synthesis of renin by tubulocystic epithelium in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease. 140 19

We designed experiments to investigate the effects of cicletanine, a novel antihypertensive drug, on medial hypertrophy in Dahl rats susceptible to salt-induced hypertension (Dahl S rats). Cicletanine treatment (500 mg of cicletanine/kg of chow) for 6 weeks lowered blood pressure by 19% in Dahl S rats challenged with a high-salt (4%) diet. The blood pressure reduction was associated with a significant decrease in weight of the aortic vessels. Morphological examination revealed that this treatment decreased medial hypertrophy and expansion of intimal tissue, in concert with resolution of the periarteritis in the intrarenal arteries. In fact, the content of actin in the aortic wall, analyzed by SDS-PAGE, was decreased significantly with this treatment and myosin content was reduced to the same extent as well. Moreover, cicletanine per se lowered protein synthesis in randomly cycling cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from Sprague-Dawley rats. Actin formation by VSMCs was decreased with cicletanine. Thus, these data indicate that chronic cicletanine treatment produces regression of the medial hypertrophy in Dahl S rats. Direct inhibitory effects on cytoskeleton protein synthesis, as well as its antihypertensive action, are partly responsible for this regression in vivo.
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PMID:Evidence for medial-mass regression in the vascular wall of Dahl hypertensive rats by cicletanine treatment. 171 85

Calpain, a calcium-dependent, neutral cysteine-protease was purified from the erythrocyte cytosol of subjects having essential hypertension (HTN), sickle cell anaemia, (SCA), or kwashiorkor (KWA). Identical electrophoretic mobility on SDS-polyacrylamide gradient gel, sensitivity to micromolar amounts of Ca2+, absolute requirement for a reducing environment and a high susceptibility to inhibition by leupeptin and thiol-group modifying reagents confirm that calpain preparations from these erythrocytes are equivalent to calpain I. Whereas the extent of calpain activation of erythrocyte membrane Ca2(+)-pumping ATPase of normal subjects was almost equal to that due to calmodulin, calpain activation of the HTN and SCA pump was greater than activation by calmodulin. Like in normal membranes, exogenous calmodulin protected the Ca2(+)-pumping ATPase of these erythrocytes against calpainization; the degree of protection by calmodulin is least in SCA and HTN. Electrophoretic separation of erythrocyte membranes and the purified Ca2(+)-pumping ATPase of HTN, SCA and KWA subjects does not indicate the presence of fragments resulting from the proteolytic action of calpain.
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PMID:Comparative action of calpain on erythrocyte Ca2(+)-pumping ATPase in sickle cell anaemia, essential hypertension and kwashiorkor. 214 87

Enzymuria is a frequent finding in patients suffering from various kidney diseases. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical value of the determination of tubule-brush-border-associated dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV (DAP IV) in the urine of patients with acute and chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis (n = 12), chronic glomerulonephritis (n = 15), essential arterial hypertension (n = 30), after kidney transplantation (n = 20), and of healthy control persons (n = 68). DAP IV was measured in spontaneously voided mid-stream morning urine ("second morning urine"), and was expressed as enzyme activity in units/liter. In order to account for variations due to urine concentration without collecting 24-hour specimens, a urinary DAP IV/creatinine ratio (DCR) was calculated. Furthermore, patterns of proteinuria were assayed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Urinary DAP IV activity of healthy controls was 4.94 +/- 0.12 U/l (DCR: 0.46 +/- 0.30 U/mmol creatinine) with only small day to day variations. Urinary DAP IV activity in patients with tubulointerstitial nephritis was significantly higher (15.5 +/- 15.6 U/l, p less than 0.05 vs controls; DCR: 1.67 +/- 0.97 U/mmol creatinine, p less than 0.001 vs controls). In patients with chronic glomerulonephritis urinary DAP IV activity was 9.6 +/- 5.6 U/l, p less than 0.05 (DCR: 1.22 +/- 0.75 U/mmol creatinine, p less than 0.05 vs controls). Increased urinary DAP IV activity in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis was associated with a mixed glomerulo-tubular pattern of proteinuria (as determined by SDS-PAGE).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Urinary excretion of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase i.v. in patients with renal diseases. 232 11

Microangiopathy and disseminated platelet aggregation have been reported in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). Since unusually large von Willebrand factor (vWF) multimers have been implicated in the evolvement of TTP, we analyzed factor VIII/vWF parameters in patients with PIH. Mean vWF: Ag level was significantly higher in 27 patients with PIH as compared to 20 matched healthy pregnant women (358 +/- 160 u/dl vs. 274 +/- 125 u/dl. p less than 0.05). Moreover, plasma vWF: Ag levels and the ratio of vWF: Ag to factor VIII were found to be linearly correlated to the severity of PIH. In contrast, no significant differences in mean levels of factor VIII and ristocetin cofactor were observed between these groups. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of vWF revealed a higher incidence of a pre-peak and an increased migration index in the PIH group as compared to the control group (60% vs. 44% and 1.27 +/- 0.26 vs. 1.19 +/- 0.18, p less than 0.01 respectively). Analysis of plasma vWF multimer patterns by 1.4% agarose electrophoresis in 0.1% SDS revealed excessive amounts of large, medium and small size multimers in the PIH patients. Conceivably, the quantitative changes in vWF multimers reflect endothelial injury and may play a role in the microangiopathy observed in PIH.
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PMID:von Willebrand factor multimer patterns in pregnancy-induced hypertension. 251 Mar 50

EPH-gestosis (pre-eclampsia-eclampsia) characterized by edema, proteinuria and hypertension occurs primarily in the nullipara, usually after the 20th gestational week. As in normal pregnancy there is striking change in both renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate a slight increase in urinary protein secretion is not considered abnormal until it exceeds 300 mg/day. Abnormal proteinuria commonly accompanies pre-eclampsia and may be minimal, moderate or severe (even exceeding greater than 25 g/l). Proteinuria was typed mainly of nonselective glomerular origin by using the SDS-disc-electrophoresis. Additionally the clearance ratio of IgG to transferrin in all patients with abnormal proteinuria was evaluated. In none of the patients studied the ratio was less than 0.1 (highly selective). As severe proteinuria is associated with fetal growth retardation, preterm deliveries and prenatal mortality the quantitation and typing of early proteinuria is essential for considering patients who are at risk for developing EPH-gestosis.
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PMID:[Proteinuria in normal pregnancy and in EPH gestosis]. 265 75

Primary cortisol resistance in man is a familial disease characterized by increased plasma cortisol concentrations, high urinary free cortisol excretion, a normal circadian pattern of cortisol secretion, resistance to adrenal suppression by dexamethasone and absence of the clinical stigmata of Cushing's syndrome or signs of adrenal insufficiency. In its severe form, hypertension and hypokalemic alkalosis are present, owing to increased secretion of the sodium-retaining corticoids, corticosterone and deoxycorticosterone. In subjects with a less severe resistance to cortisol, there are no clinical abnormalities and the disease is revealed only by detailed examination of several parameters of cortisol metabolism or by glucocorticoid receptor studies. In whole-cell glucocorticoid receptor assays (peripheral mononuclear leukocytes, fibroblasts, or B-lymphocytes transformed with the Epstein-Barr Virus) low receptor affinity for dexamethasone could be demonstrated conclusively only in the severely affected subject. When affected cells are transformed with the Epstein-Barr virus, receptor induction is less than that of normal cells. The decreased affinity of the receptor for its ligand is reflected in an increased rate of loss of specific bound ligand during thermal activation. The molecular weight of the receptor, determined by SDS-PAGE, is similar to that from normal cells (approximately 92,000). Only in the severely affected patient was the proportion of activated receptor remaining in the cytosol of thermally activated intact cells reduced. At saturating concentrations of dexamethasone, nuclear binding appears normal in cells from both the severe and the asymptomatic forms of this condition, providing an explanation for the apparently complete compensation of the target tissue resistance to glucocorticoids by the high plasma cortisol levels. The clinical manifestations of the disorder (hypertension, hypokalemia) can be corrected with high doses of dexamethasone (3mg/day).
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PMID:Cortisol resistance in man. 301 86

Chromogranin A is contained in storage vesicles of chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and released with catecholamines when the splanchnic nerve is stimulated. Chromogranin A is similar to secretory protein I (SP-I), a major secreted protein of the parathyroid. Chromogranin A/SP-I immunoreactivity is abundant in endocrine cells that secrete peptide hormones from storage vesicles. Chromogranins may act in neuroendocrine secretion by binding intravesicular calcium. Serum levels of chromogranin are raised in hypertension and endocrine neoplasia. We report here the isolation and sequencing of a cDNA encoding bovine chromogranin A, providing the first complete primary structure of a chromogranin protein. Chromogranin A is a highly acidic protein with an apparent relative molecular mass (Mr) of 75,000 on SDS-PAGE, but an actual Mr of 48,000. Adrenal medulla, brain, pituitary and parathyroid are all sites of synthesis of chromogranin A. The primary structure of chromogranin A, and the presence of chromogranin mRNA in the parathyroid, indicate that chromogranin A and SP-I are identical.
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PMID:Bovine chromogranin A sequence and distribution of its messenger RNA in endocrine tissues. 301 87

The antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli K 12 in 153 samples of amniotic fluid (AF) in 15 to 40 weeks of pregnancy were investigated by a new micromethod. Fifty-six mothers had an uncomplicated pregnancy while various complications (maternal diabetes, cholestasis of pregnancy, pregnancy induced hypertension, blood group isoimmunization and fetal growth retardation) were present in 97 cases. A significant (p less than 0.001) improvement of antibacterial activity was observed with advancing pregnancy. The highest antibacterial activity in AF was observed in cases with intrauterine growth retardation. In other respects the effect of various diseases was negligible.
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PMID:Antibacterial capacity in amniotic fluid in normal and complicated pregnancies. 331 Aug 22


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