Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During a 12-year period, 254 cases of eclampsia were managed at this center. Eighty patients (32%) did not have edema, 58 (23%) had "relative hypertension," and 49 (19%) did not have proteinuria at the time of convulsions. Eclampsia developed at less than or equal to 20 weeks in 6 patients and beyond 48 hours post partum in 40 (16%). Convulsions developed in 33 while they were receiving standard doses of magnesium sulfate for preeclampsia during or after birth, and subsequent seizures developed in 36 (14%) after magnesium sulfate therapy was started. There was one maternal death (0.4%) and morbidity was frequent (acute renal failure, 4.7%; pulmonary edema, 4.3%; cardiorespiratory arrest, 3.1%; and aspiration, 2%. The use of multiple drug therapy was associated with significant maternal and neonatal complications. The total perinatal mortality was 11.8%, with the majority of them related to either abruptio placentae or extreme prematurity. These findings emphasize the need for intensive monitoring of women with preeclampsia throughout hospitalization and underscore the importance of maternal stabilization before and during transfer.
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PMID:Eclampsia. VI. Maternal-perinatal outcome in 254 consecutive cases. 240 30

In a search for additional Ca2+ regulatory components in vascular smooth muscle, a novel troponin T-like protein was purified from bovine aorta smooth muscle. The isolated protein was separated into several isoforms on isoelectric focusing. The major isoelectric variants were focused in the pH region of 8.4 to 9.1. The protein had slightly different molecular masses in the Mr range of 35,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Its molar ratio relative to tropomyosin in the muscle extract was estimated to be 0.9:1.0. The novel protein bound to the immobilized calmodulin and exhibited a number of common physicochemical properties with gizzard (Mr = 34,000) calmodulin-binding and F-actin-binding protein. The aorta and gizzard proteins were immunologically cross-reactive. Both proteins shared a common antigenic determinant with COOH-terminal segments of rabbit skeletal and bovine cardiac troponin T and bound to the immobilized smooth muscle tropomyosin. Both proteins interacted with rabbit skeletal troponin C in the presence and absence of Ca2+, but they did not interact with troponin I. These results suggest that the novel protein, which is designated calponin, may be a specialized component of smooth muscle thin filament involved in the regulation of contractile apparatus.
Hypertension 1988 Jun
PMID:Vascular smooth muscle calponin. A novel troponin T-like protein. 245 87

Acute hypertension disrupts the blood-brain barrier and may neutralize the negative charge on cerebral endothelium. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of molecular charge on permeability of the blood-brain barrier during acute hypertension. Intravital fluorescent microscopy and fluorescein-labeled dextrans were used to evaluate disruption of the blood-brain barrier during acute hypertension in rats. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier was quantitated by calculating clearance of neutral dextran and of anionic dextran sulfate in two groups of rats. Pressure in pial venules, which are the primary site of disruption of the blood-brain barrier during acute hypertension, was measured using a servo-null device. When systemic arterial pressure was increased from 87 +/- 5 (mean +/- SEM) to 188 +/- 5 mm Hg, clearance of neutral dextran increased from 0.04 +/- 0.01 to 4.38 +/- 0.72 ml/sec x 10(-6). When systemic arterial pressure was increased from 91 +/- 4 to 181 +/- 3 mm Hg, clearance of anionic dextran sulfate increased from 0.02 +/- 0.01 to only 0.70 +/- 0.23 ml/sec x 10(-6). Increases in pial venular pressure were similar in the two groups. Thus, similar increases in systemic arterial pressure and pial venular pressure during acute hypertension produce less disruption of the blood-brain barrier to anionic dextran sulfate than neutral dextran. The findings suggest that 1) the net negative charge of cerebral vessels may be preserved during acute hypertension, and 2) molecular charge is an important determinant of the severity of disruption of the blood-brain barrier during acute hypertension.
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PMID:Role of molecular charge in disruption of the blood-brain barrier during acute hypertension. 246 61

Three cases of adult dementia with periventricular leukoencephalopathy demonstrated staining with alcian blue dye (alcianophilia) in thickened cerebral arteries and arterioles of the abnormal white matter. The property of alcianophilia identifies glycosaminoglycans (GAGs); retention of alcian blue staining at high MgCl2 concentrations (0.7 M) in these cases indicates that the GAGs are highly sulfated and are likely to represent heparan sulfate. Arteriosclerotic risk factors (including hypertension) were absent in all cases, suggesting that GAG deposition occurred as part of a separate cerebral vasculopathic process. These findings suggest that cerebral white matter changes associated with dementia do not always represent Binswanger's disease.
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PMID:Vascular glycosaminoglycans in periventricular leukoencephalopathy. 247 12

We studied in vivo and in vitro steroidogenesis in six phenotypic female children with 17-hydroxylase deficiency. The diagnosis was suspected as a likely cause of familial low renin hypertension and was confirmed by findings of reduced basal and ACTH-stimulated serum and urinary levels of cortisol and other 17-hydroxysteroids, together with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism in both 46,XY and 46,XX patients, and abnormally increased secretion of 17-desoxysteroids, such as progesterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, and corticosterone. ACTH stimulation testing demonstrated a lesser degree of 17-hydroxylase deficiency in the obligate heterozygous parents; one father had increased basal serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone values, unresponsive to ACTH, suggesting partial Leydig cell 17,20-desmolase deficiency. In vitro kinetic analysis of testicular microsomal enzymes in the affected 46,XY male pseudohermaphrodites confirmed that both 17-hydroxylase and 17,20-desmolase activities were less than 2% of those in age-matched normal subjects. However, in spite of this virtual absence of both enzymatic activities of cytochrome P450c17, Northern blot analysis demonstrated abundant amounts of RNA in these tests that hybridized to a cDNA specific for this P450 enzyme. Moreover, immunoblot analysis of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-resolved testicular microsomes showed an apparently normal content of an immunoreactive protein with a mol wt similar to that of authentic P450c17. These results suggest that these patients have a point mutation in the gene for P450c17; the mutant gene is transcribed, but gives rise to a protein defective in normal 17-hydroxylase and 17,20-desmolase activities.
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PMID:Combined 17-hydroxylase and 17,20-desmolase deficiencies: evidence for synthesis of a defective cytochrome P450c17. 249 25

The effects of a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet (HFC diet) on serum lipoproteins and apolipoproteins were studied in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) and normotensive Kyo: Wistar rats (WKY). In particular, the changes in serum concentrations and distributions among lipoprotein fractions of apolipoproteins A-I, A-IV and E (apo A-I, A-IV and E) were investigated in detail. These apolipoproteins are the main protein constituents of high density lipoprotein (HDL) which is considered to be an anti-atherogenic factor and accounts for a large part of the serum lipoproteins in the rat. Serum lipoprotein fractions were isolated by stepwise density-gradient ultracentrifugation. The alterations in lipoprotein fractions and apolipoproteins in lipoprotein fractions were roughly estimated by native gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Next, the concentrations of apo A-I, A-IV and E in serum, serum lipoprotein fractions and serum lipoprotein-free fraction were measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis according to the method of Laurell as modified by us. Cholesterol was enzymatically determined by a commercially available kit. The results obtained were as follows: 1) A remarkable increase in the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) fractions was observed in WKY and SHRSP. This was associated with a remarkable increase in the cholesterol and apo B contents and with a significant increase in the apo E content. These changes in the VLDL and IDL fractions were more drastic in SHRSP than in WKY, which suggests the promotive effect of hypertension in SHRSP on the production of VLDL and IDL fractions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Studies on stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet--changes in serum concentrations and distributions of apolipoproteins A-I, A-IV and E]. 250 68

Twenty-four adults who were undergoing operations on the abdominal aorta were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in which epidural morphine sulfate (6 mg) was employed to attenuate the sympathoadrenal response to surgery to evaluate the possible contribution of sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity to postoperative hypertension. Patients who received epidural morphine required less parenteral morphine in the 24 hours following surgery, had lower analogue pain scores, and had markedly lower plasma norepinephrine levels when compared with patients in the control group who received an identical volume of saline in the epidural space. Epidural morphine had no effect on plasma epinephrine or arginine vasopressin levels. Fewer patients in the morphine group (4 of 12 vs 9 of 12 patients in the saline group) required treatment for hypertension (mean arterial blood pressure, greater than or equal to 110 mm Hg) in the 24 hours following surgery. In addition, patients in the morphine group had lower blood pressures in the 24 hours following surgery. These data suggest that sympathetic nervous system activity and not adrenal epinephrine or pituitary secretion of arginine vasopressin is responsible for the development of hypertension following aortic surgery. Furthermore, epidural narcotics appear to provide a means of attenuating this response.
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PMID:Epidural morphine decreases postoperative hypertension by attenuating sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity. 272 4

The method of vascular casting in human placental chorion for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was described. Through SEM of the placental chorion in five normal pregnant cases and twenty-two pregnancy induce hypertension (PIH), the three-dimensional angioarchitecture of the placental chorion in normal pregnancy and PIH of different clinical classes were clarified. Increasing with the severity of PIH, the capillaries in the placental chorion became more and more attenuated and irregular in diameter, with their branches decreasing in number and the inner wall roughened. These capillary changes were found even in mild PIH. However, the pathological changes in the chorionic capillaries in moderate and severe cases treated beforehand with magnesium sulfate were much less than those in untreated cases.
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PMID:[Scanning electron microscopy observations on the vascular casts of the placental chorion in normal pregnancy and pregnancy-induced hypertension]. 275 6

Between 1974 and 1984, 1222 patients underwent carotid endarterectomy at a large community teaching hospital. Twenty-three (1.9%) of these patients required reexploration for hematoma at the endarterectomy site. We reviewed the records of these 23 patients with regard to the incidence of perioperative hypertension; the use of platelet-altering medication, heparin, protamine sulfate, and low molecular weight dextran; and the findings at reoperation. We also reviewed the records of 122 randomly selected patients who did not develop wound hematoma after carotid endarterectomy. The incidence of intraoperative and postoperative hypertension was significantly higher in the hematoma group than in the control group. The incidence of preoperative hypertension was not significantly different between the two groups. More hematoma patients received preoperative platelet-altering medication (43% versus 25%), and fewer received intraoperative protamine sulfate to reverse the effects of heparin (48% versus 66%), but these differences were not significant. This study emphasizes the importance of careful hemodynamic monitoring during and immediately after carotid endarterectomy.
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PMID:Cervical wound hematoma after carotid endarterectomy. 277 37

Despite the importance of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), there are few published investigations of therapeutic approaches for the postpartum management of such patients. Twenty-six gravida patients with PIH were prospectively studied during the first 24 hours after delivery while receiving intravenous magnesium sulfate. Each study subject was randomly assigned to a group also systemically administered either hydralazine or methyldopa. During the study interval, hourly measurements of blood pressure, pulse, fluid intake, and urine output were recorded. Hydralazine was found to be superior in its ability to effect more rapidly a lower mean arterial blood pressure. No significant differences in urine output or time until onset of diuresis were noted among treatment groups. No serious side effects were encountered with the use of either antihypertensive agent. Based on these preliminary findings, it appears that hydralazine is the less costly and more effective medication to lower mean arterial blood pressure in the immediate postpartum period.
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PMID:Utilization of hydralazine or alpha-methyldopa for the management of early puerperal hypertension. 278 42


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