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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Information on adverse health effects of occupational exposures to sodium sulfate dust is lacking. A study was conducted on 119 workers from five sodium sulfate surface solution mines in Saskatchewan. The investigation involved the older workers and the workers at highest dust exposure levels and included general medical screening with emphasis on the existence of hypertension, edema, calcium tetany, anemia, common skin problems, nasal septum perforation, persistent diarrhea; lung function tests; serum analyses for sulfate, calcium, sodium, and chloride content; and urinary inorganic sulfate output. All measured properties, including lung function, serum sulfate, calcium and electrolytes, were found to be within normal ranges. Forty-two workers with more than 10 years exposure experience show no significant differences in these properties compared to 77 workers with less than 10 years exposure experience. No abnormality could be discovered that might be related to such exposure.
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PMID:Health effects of long-term exposure to sodium sulfate dust. 73 42

Defiency of beta-glucuronidase was demonstrated in serum, leukocytes, and cultured skin fibroblasts of two unrelated patients. One patient died at 2 9/12 years with a phenotype consistent with severe mucopolysaccharidosis; the other is 14 years of age and well, except for hypertension and obstructive lesions of large blood vessels. Analysis of urinary mucopolysaccharides revealed impaired degradation of dermatan sulfate and, to a lesser extent, of heparan sulfate. Cultured skin fibroblasts accumulated excess glycosaminoglycans (the term glycosaminoglycans is synonymous with acid mucopolysaccharides) as indicated by 35-SO-4 uptake.
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PMID:Variation in the phenotypic expression of beta-glucuronidase deficiency. 80 60

One hundred randomly selected nulliparous, normotensive women were subjected to the roll-over test between 28 and 32 weeks' gestation. Twenty-five women had a positive test. Thirteen of those 25 women developed pre-eclampsia requiring magnesium sulfate therapy. Eight had transient hypertension during labor requiring no therapy. Four had no evidence of hypertension during pregnancy. A false-positive rate for the 25 women with a positive roll-over test was 16 per cent. Seventy-five women had a negative roll-over test. Sixty-eight of those women had no evidence of hypertension of pregnancy. Seven had evidence of transient hypertension during labor requiring no therapy. A false-negative test was present in 10 per cent of the 75 patients with a negative roll-over test. In no case did a patient with a negative test develop pre-eclampsia. The roll-over test is recommended as a routine test for every pregnant patient between 28 and 32 weeks' gestation for the early diagnosis of hypertension of pregnancy.
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PMID:Roll-over test. 84 90

We have studied the effects of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) administration in chronically instrumented normotensive and hypertensive pregnant sheep. Animals of 90 to 144 days' gestation were divided in two groups; those with normotensive arterial pressure and those in which renovascular hypertension had been produced. Our results show that bolus injection of 2 or 4 Gm. of MgSO4 caused a transient decrease in systolic and diastolic pressure which returned to control values within 5 to 10 minutes. The continuous infusion of MgSO4 in doses of 2 or 4 Gm. per hour produced a slight increase in uteroplacental blood flow but did not alter the blood pressure. Heart rate showed a slight increase. Because MgSO4 produced no significant hemodynamic changes, we feel that: (1) its use in obstetrics must be based on its anticonvulsant action and (2) MgSO4 in either normotensive or hypertensive patients is not associated with impairment of uteroplacental blood flow.
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PMID:Circulatory effects of magnesium sulfate in normotensive and renal hypertensive pregnant sheep. 84 30

A philosophy of conservatism in regard to termination of gestations complicated by pregnancy-induced hypertension has been practiced at the University of Virginia Hospital for many years. The advent of improved methods to evaluate the intrauterine fetal status prompted retrospective review of 246 pre-eclamptic and 13 eclamptic patients managed during the antepartum period. Continuous magnesium sulfate infusion for periods up to 144 hours (265 grams) was the therapeutic measure used for prevention or control of convulsions. Average duration of predelivery hospitalization increased 8.7 days, and the incidence of neonates requiring intensive care increased 10.9% with the use of tests to evaluate intrauterine fetal status. Frequency of spontaneous onset of labor and vaginal delivery decreased 18.6%. The uncorrected perinatal mortality rate for all antepartum patients was 7.0%. The mortality rate for infants of mothers with superimposed, severe or convulsive disease was significantly less in pregnancies in which tests of fetoplacental status were employed (8.2%) compared to pregnancies in which they were not (15.2%). The only maternal death was a 41-year-old patient with severe pre-eclampus who suffered a cerebral vascular accident on the fifth hospital day. These data reiterate the value of conservative management with meticulous individualized care.
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PMID:Conservative management of pre-eclamptic and eclamptic patients: a re-evaluation. 90 Jan 96

In 94 cases with and without coronary arteriosclerosis or various cardiac diseases the coronary arteries were pressure fixed, filled with a mixture of barium sulfate and gelatine for coronary angiography and dissected in 1 cm long segments for morphometry. On consecutive cross sections of the three main branches of the coronary arteries the absolute area of lumen, intima and media as well as of the thickness of the intima and media were measured. From the numerous data of the coronary arteries different indices on coronary arteriosclerosis and by correlation to the heart weight also on coronary insufficiency had been calculated. Using these quantitative data age dependent intimal changes could be distinguished convincingly from cases with uncomplicated coronary arteriosclerosis and cases with hypertension or infarcts. Thus in forensic pathology comparative evaluations can be made in regard to the extent, severity and significance of acute and chronic coronary insufficiency.
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PMID:[Contribution to the morphometry of coronary arteriosclerosis (author's transl)]. 112 98

Results of our previous studies revealed a derangement in the peripheral metabolism of adrenal steroids in patients with essential hypertension. To investigate further this finding, all indIVidual free and conjugated metabolites of cortisol were isolated, identified and quantitated in plasma of 14 normotensive subjects and 13 patients with benign, uncomplicated essential hypertension, following iv administration of a tracer dose of [4-14-C] cortisol. In addition, plasma levels of endogenous cortisol were determined at 8 AM and 4 PM in all the subjects examined. The results obtained revealed the following statistically significant differences between normotensives and hypertensives: 1) Mean plasma concentrations of cortisol metabolites reduced in ring-A with nonreduced 20-ketone, tetrahydrocortisol, tetrahydrocortisone, and their 5alpha-epimers, were 30% lower in the hypertensives; since these steroids constitute the bulk of the major group of cortisol metabolites--the glucuronide conjugates, plasma levels of this group of conjugates measured in toto were also found to be significantly lower in the hypertensives. 2) Concentrations of cortisol metabolites with non-reduced ring-A (delta-4-3-keto configuration preserved) but with reduced 20-ketone and/or hydroxylated at C-6, 20alpha- and 20beta- dihydrocortisol, 6alpha- and 6beta-hydroxycortisol, and 6-hydroxy-20-dihydrocortisol (all 4 isomers), were 73%, 48% and 68% respectively, higher in the hypertensives; since these steroids constitute the bulk of the sulfate-conjugated and nucleoside-complexed metabolites of cortisol, plasma levels of these groups of metabolites, measured in toto, were also found to be higher in the hypertensives. No significant difference was found between normotensives and hypertensives in the AM and PM plasma levels of cortisol. These findings, in conjunction with the results of our studies on urinary corticosteroid metabolites, which yielded identical findings, provide evidence for a decreased activity of hepatic cortisol-delta-4-hydrogenase enzyme system and increased activities (presumably compensatorily) of cortisol-20-reductase and 6-hydroxylase enzyme systems in patients with essential hypertension. The interrelation of these findings with those of other investigators studying steroid metabolites in hypertension, points to the corticosteroid metabolizing enzymes may be an etiological factor in essential hypertension.
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PMID:Corticosteroids in human blood. VIII. Cortisol metabolites in plasma of normotensive subjects and patients with essential hypertension. 113 61

Autoradiographic tests carried out on rats with renal hypertension using 3H-proline resulted in an acclerated collagen synthesis by media cells of aorta and coronary arteries. Electronmicroscopically an increased content of collagen fibers and an enrichment of ruthenium-red-positive substances in the extracellular space were found. The 35S-sulfate-incorporation in aorta and coronary arteries of animals with hypertension is also increased. These changes in the extracellular space of the vascular wall have an atherosclerosis promoting effect, probably caused by a distrubance of the permeability.
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PMID:[Expermental contribution on the genesis of arteriosclerosis caused by hypertension]. 123 18

Corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and cortisol were measured in umbilical cord plasma obtained from 90 preterm and 98 term fetuses. Maternal plasma was obtained from 23 women who delivered preterm and from 23 women matched for gestational age who ultimately delivered term infants. Mean umbilical cord plasma CRH concentration was significantly higher in the preterm fetuses (n = 69, 538 +/- 63 pg/ml) compared to the term fetuses (n = 98, 280 +/- 22 pg/ml, P < 0.01). Mean DHEAS level in the preterm fetuses was 208 +/- 22 mg/dl (n = 56), cortisol level was 7 +/- 1 mg/dl (n = 58). Umbilical plasma CRH concentrations (808 +/- 170 pg/ml) were significantly higher at 24-27 weeks than at 28-31 or 31-34 weeks gestation. Cortisol levels (12 +/- 3 micrograms/dl) were highest at 24-27 weeks. Mode of delivery and the presence of labor did not affect fetal CRH levels. The highest fetal CRH levels were measured in the pregnancies complicated by hypertension as well as prematurity; however, fetal CRH levels remained higher in the preterm group compared to the term group when hypertensive pregnancies were excluded. Maternal plasma CRH levels were significantly higher in the group that delivered preterm compared to women who delivered at term matched for gestational age (1058 +/- 184 pg/ml compared to 456 +/- 71 pg/ml, P < 0.00).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Corticotropin releasing hormone concentrations in umbilical cord blood of preterm fetuses. 130 8

Proteoglycans (PGs) were analyzed and compared in the media of the thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, left carotid artery and superior mesenteric artery of age-matched Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. Two ages were examined; 10 week old, during the development of hypertension and 28 week old, when hypertension is well established in the SHR. Large chondroitin sulfate PG, large heparan sulfate PG and biglycan (PGI) and decorin (PGII) small PGs were identified. Biglycan was the predominant small PG found in all arteries. Newly synthesized PGs were labelled in vitro with 35SO4 for quantitation. The synthesis of large and small PGs was similar in the media of the thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, left carotid artery, and superior mesenteric artery. The large to small ratio value, a measure of the artery PG composition, was also similar among the four arteries but was highest in the mesenteric artery. In both WKY and SHR arteries there was significantly decreased PG synthesis in the 28-week old compared to 10-week old animals. This was especially true for large PG. Hypertensive changes in PG synthesis were seen mainly in the carotid artery. In this artery, synthesis of both large and small PG was increased in the SHR, at both ages. The ratio of large to small PG was not significantly different between SHR and WKY arteries. We conclude that 28-week old WKY and SHR rat arteries synthesize less large and small PG than 10-week old arteries. The most prominent change seen in hypertensive rats is an increase in PG synthesis in the carotid artery.
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PMID:Proteoglycan synthesis in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rat arteries in vitro. 143 15


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