Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A method is described to assess antigenic cross-reactivity between soluble immune complexes precipitated from sera with polyethylene glycol. The precipitated complex from one serum was dissociated in acid and used to coat a plastic cup. Radioiodinated complexes from another serum were dissociated in the cup, neutralized and allowed to reassociate overnight. The binding of the labelled complex was used to measure the cross-reactivity between the complexes. Using this technique, complexes from a group of patients with haematuria and hypertension have been found to share an antigen, and a different antigen was found in patients with bullous pemphigoid. The participation of rheumatoid factors in the cross-reactions is unlikely, and no cross-reactivity of either group was found with sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
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PMID:Demonstration of two disease specific antigens in circulating immune complexes. 9 80

Two cases of spontaneous cerebral ventriculostium are presented. The first case is that of a 3 year-old girl with a thumb-sized soft scalp tumor of the occipital region (dural hypertrophy) and hydroencephalodysplasia (Picaza). PVG revealed noncommunicating hydrocephalus with asymmetrical deformity of the lateral ventricle and agenesis of corpus callosum (Fig. 1). Ventriculoatrial shunt was performed. Three years passed under the useful life when she readmitted to our clinic complaining headache, nausea and vomiting. On the first hospital day she fell into respiratory arrest accompanied with coma after the tonic convulsion, and eventually, she died on the fourth hospital day. Postmortem examination revealed spontaneous cerebral ventriculostium which communicated with the posteromedial trigone of the left lateral ventricle (Fig. 3). Combined other malformations such as dysgenesis of the corpus callosum and only one anterior cerebral artery, etc. were found. The second case is that of a young adult, a 22 year-old male with rapidly progressing intracranial hypertension. PVG revealed marked dilatation of the lateral and the third ventricle, non-filling of the aqueduct and spontaneous cerebral ventriculostium which communicated with the posterior part of the third ventricle (Fig. 4). And insidiously he fell into akinetic mutism. After suboccipital exploratory craniotomy and ventriculo-peritoneal shunt akinetic mutism improved gradually, and he was discharged on foot after 7 months. PEG performed on June 8, 1973, showed no evidence of aqueduct obstruction and injected air passed from the fourth ventricle to the third one smoothly. He lives on now under a useful condition. These 2 cases are the first report on literatures in Japan, but presumably there must be many other cases. Since W. H. Sweet reported his own two cases of spontaneous cerebral ventriculostium on 1940, more than thirty cases have been published on literatures. However, there are found various expressions to describe the same condition (Table 1). We would like to propose that the most suitable expression is "ventriculostium" not only in deference to the originality of W. H. Sweet but also not to confuse this pathogenetic state with other similar conditions. The author's next interest is the chronological fact that from W. H. Sweet (1940) to A. Torkildsen (1948), all but one ostiums reported situated at the posteromedial trigone of the lateral ventricle, whereas after A. Torkildsen, they were found at the posterior part of the third ventricle in many cases. The reason is unknown. It would appear that three main conditions are necessary for the development of ventricluostium just beneath the tentorium. The first, there must be increased pressure within the lateral or the third ventricle. The second essential feature is the lack of any large space occupying lesion in the the infratentorial space. The third, there must be wider space between the tentorial incisura and the brain stem.
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PMID:[Spontaneous cerebral ventriculostium (author's transl)]. 94 70

Exposing rabbits for 1 h to 100% O2 at 4 atm barometric pressure markedly increases the concentration of thromboxane B2 in alveolar lavage fluid [1,809 +/- 92 vs. 99 +/- 24 (SE) pg/ml, P less than 0.001], pulmonary arterial pressure (110 +/- 17 vs. 10 +/- 1 mmHg, P less than 0.001), lung weight gain (14.6 +/- 3.7 vs. 0.6 +/- 0.4 g/20 min, P less than 0.01), and transfer rates for aerosolized 99mTc-labeled diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (500 mol wt; 40 +/- 14 vs. 3 +/- 1 x 10(-3)/min, P less than 0.01) and fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran (7,000 mol wt; 10 +/- 3 vs. 1 +/- 1 x 10(-4)/min, P less than 0.01). Pretreatment with the antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) entirely prevents the pulmonary hypertension and lung injury. In addition, BHA blocks the increase in alveolar thromboxane B2 caused by hyperbaric O2 (10 and 45 pg/ml lavage fluid, n = 2). Combined therapy with polyethylene glycol- (PEG) conjugated superoxide dismutase (SOD) and PEG-catalase also completely eliminates the pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary edema, and increase in transfer rate for the aerosolized compounds. In contrast, combined treatment with unconjugated SOD and catalase does not reduce the pulmonary damage. Because of the striking increase in pulmonary arterial pressure to greater than 100 mmHg, we tested the hypothesis that thromboxane causes the hypertension and thus contributes to the lung injury. Indomethacin and UK 37,248-01 (4-[2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-ethoxy]benzoic acid hydrochloride, an inhibitor of thromboxane synthase, completely eliminate the pulmonary hypertension and edema.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hyperbaric oxygen toxicity: role of thromboxane. 155 13

The spontaneously hypertensive rats and their genetically matched controls, Wistar-Kyoto, serve as models of essential hypertension. The present study was undertaken to determine whether brush border membrane vesicles obtained from jejunal enterocytes of spontaneously hypertensive rats show increased Na(+)-H+ exchange as part of a generalized membrane disorder. Brush border membrane vesicles were prepared from the jejunum of adult spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats using an Mg2+/ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid precipitation method. Uptake of 22Na by these vesicles was found to be into an osmotically sensitive intravesicular space rather than mere binding. Initial Na+ uptake by brush border membrane vesicles was greater in spontaneously hypertensive rats than in Wistar-Kyoto rats (P less than 0.05). Higher total and amiloride-sensitive Na+ uptake in spontaneously hypertensive rats occurred in the presence of an outwardly directed pH gradient, and uptake became statistically similar to that of Wistar-Kyoto rats in the absence of a pH gradient. Moreover, amiloride-insensitive Na+ uptake under an outwardly directed pH gradient did not differ significantly between the two groups. The enhanced Na(+)-H+ activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats is not due to altered membrane permeability to protons, as is shown by acridine orange-quenching studies. Kinetic studies for amiloride-sensitive Na+ uptake showed a greater Vmax in spontaneously hypertensive rats compared with Wistar-Kyoto rats (1.46 +/- 0.05 vs. 1.08 +/- 0.08 nmol.mg protein-1.7 s-1) but the Km values were similar in the two groups. These finding, along with similar findings previously reported in vascular smooth muscle and renal tissue of SHR, strongly suggest that an increased Na(+)-H+ exchange is related to the development of hypertension.
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PMID:Increased Na(+)-H+ exchange in jejunal brush border membrane vesicles of spontaneously hypertensive rats. 164 26

The propensity to prefer and to consume salty foods varies considerably from person to person, and excessive salt intake has been linked to a number of pathological conditions. Extracellular dehydration occurs in humans after vomiting or diarrhea and is commonly observed during pregnancy. Because the hormonal responses to extracellular dehydration are known to increase salt appetite, we tested the hypothesis that extracellular dehydration during pregnancy increases the propensity of offspring to consume salt. Pregnant rats were treated with polyethylene glycol, which is known to produce extracellular dehydration and to exaggerate sodium appetite. The offspring of these treated pregnant rats showed an increase in salt appetite as compared with the offspring of control untreated dams. These results demonstrate that extracellular dehydration during pregnancy can enhance the natriophilic propensity in offspring and suggest that gravidic vomiting may contribute to the epidemiological factors of hypertension and other pathologies.
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PMID:Extracellular dehydration during pregnancy increases salt appetite of offspring. 230 41

These studies determined whether superoxide dismutase (SOD), an oxygen free-radical scavenger, affects brain and lung vascular protein extravasation and water content after acute hypertension. Hypertensive vascular injury was induced in rats by bolus injection of norepinephrine. Vascular permeability was assessed with 125I-labeled serum albumin and water content determined by wet and dry weight measurement. Pretreatment with SOD prevented or reduced the increase in brain water content and brain and lung protein extravasation caused by hypertension, whereas inactivated SOD had no effect. SOD also reduced mortality caused by acute hypertension. Treatment 30 min after hypertension with SOD or polyethylene glycol-conjugated SOD reduced edema caused by hypertension. In some instances SOD reduced tissue water content and permeability to below normal control levels found in animals without hypertension. These studies show that oxygen radicals contribute to increases in permeability and water content after hypertensive injury and also suggest that oxygen radicals may contribute to regulation of vascular permeability and water content in normal animals.
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PMID:Superoxide dismutase reduces permeability and edema induced by hypertension in rats. 238 23

The brain vascular perfusion method, with a multiple-time brain uptake analysis, has been employed to study the effects of chronic amphetamine intoxication on the kinetics of entry of 2 inert polar molecules, D-[14C]mannitol (mol.wt. 180) and [3H]polyethylene glycol (PEG, mol.wt. 4000) into the forebrain of the guinea pig. The unidirectional transfer constants, Kin, determined from graphic analysis 14 and 20 days after chronic amphetamine treatment (5 mg/kg daily, i.p.) showed a marked time-dependent progressive enhancement of transfer for both molecules. The kinetic features of this entry suggest the opening up of pathways through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which allows mannitol and PEG to pass into the brain at rates which are irrespective of their molecular size and/or lipophilia and these changes cannot be attributed to simple mechanical factors such as hypertension. This opening of the BBB was associated with changes in behaviour (increased locomotor activity, stereotypy, hypervigilance, social withdrawal, and loss of weight) seen in 14- and 20-day amphetamine-treated animals. At 7 and 28 days after the withdrawal of the amphetamine treatment, the behavioural manifestations were absent, and the Kin values for both molecules were not significantly different from those measured in normal control animals which had been treated with placebo injections. The present results suggest a reversible dysfunction of the BBB as a consequence of the chronic amphetamine intoxication which correlates with the behavioural syndrome induced in the guinea pig.
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PMID:Chronic amphetamine intoxication and the blood-brain barrier permeability to inert polar molecules studied in the vascularly perfused guinea pig brain. 251 57

We proposed earlier that voltage-dependent calcium (Ca2+) current is altered in single azygos venous cells from Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In this study, the effects of different intracellular concentrations of ethylene glycol-bis-N,N,N',N',-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) on Ca2+ currents were investigated. Vascular muscle cells from SHR and WKY rats were equilibrated with pipette solution containing 0.1 mM or 10 mM EGTA. Increasing the EGTA concentration from 0.1 to 10 mM in SHR vascular cells significantly enhanced the peak amplitude of the longer lasting (L) current from 87 +/- 12 pA to 152 +/- 8 pA, while the transient (T) current amplitude was not significantly different (52 +/- 7 pA and 36 +/- 7 pA, respectively). In WKY rat vascular muscle cells, the amplitudes of the T and L currents were not significantly different with the same comparison of intracellular EGTA concentrations. These observations suggest that relatively low intracellular Ca2+ concentrations can more strongly modulate Ca2+ current through the L channel in SHR than WKY rat vascular muscle cells.
Hypertension 1989 Oct
PMID:Calcium channel alterations in genetic hypertension. 255 23

To investigate the role of systemic factors such as age, diabetes, and hypertension in the formation of subepithelial immune deposits in oral lichen planus (OLP) we performed circulating immune complex CIC determinations by polyethylene glycol precipitation in sera of patients with OLP, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension and in sera of healthy control subjects. We examined patients with leukoplakia as a control group with oral keratosis but no OLP. Forty percent of the OLP patients were suffering from diabetes, hypertension, or both. The occurrence of CIC positivity was higher in the OLP group with diabetes than in the group with OLP only. However, we could not find CIC positivity in our control patients with diabetes. The almost equal distribution of hypertension among, patients with OLP who tested positive for CIC and those who tested negative does not seem to support the hypothesis that this factor causes the CIC positivity in OLP. The same applies to other assumed factors such as age, medication, dental foci, or metal framework. In summary, we support the idea that CIC positivity may be the consequence of lichen itself, but diabetes and hypertension contribute to the development of erosive OLP lesions.
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PMID:Circulating immune complex studies on patients with oral lichen planus. 281 11

Porous hydrophilic tablets of nifedipine were prepared with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as swellable polymer, as well as with the addition of a solid dispersion of the drug in polyethylene glycol, a water soluble system. The kinetic data conformed with the Higuchi square root equation and first order release for in vitro release from a single planar surface of the tablet, as well as release from the whole tablet. The addition of a soluble fraction to the porous swellable release system increased the nifedipine release rate constant. This shows that the dosage form may be formulated as a drug-polymer system which exhibits constant release at a desired rate. In the bioequivalence study with five volunteers, the pharmacokinetic parameters of a sustained release hydrophilic tablet of nifedipine and of immediate release capsules were determined. Although the bioavailability of the two preparations is similar, the therapeutic effects may differ. The rate of absorption, the maximum concentration levels, the time of the peak and the period of maintenance of the therapeutic serum levels after single oral doses are different after the administration of the two tested formulations. The hydrophilic tablets of nifedipine may be useful as a sustained release formulation for long term treatment of hypertension.
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PMID:The kinetics of nifedipine release from porous hydrophilic matrices and the pharmacokinetics in man. 324 76


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