Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The use of synthesis drugs is the object of numerous written articles and TV programs in the last, decade. These synthesis drugs or "designer drugs", are well known for their ability to enhance, reinforce or appease social difficulties and relationships. In the research for empathetic and entactogenic relations one discover an obvious lack of communication and "warmth" in personal or professional relationship. An image of chemical "well being" has become a frequent stereotype of a society with an atrophying of performance and values while supposedly dedicating itself to individual performance. The youths are the first victims of these new drugs, the economical and social environment are the main reinforcing factors of this behaviour. The main characteristic of these drugs, is the non-recognition of their danger, some users go so far as to describe this category of substances as "drugs which are not drugs". As a characteristic, the use of a these synthesis drugs is almost recreative, during the week-end and holiday. The drug addiction is different than that of opiates or cocaine. One can observe some cases of real dependence--corresponding to the DSW IV criterion--when the personality of the users is the main characteristic (narcissic failure, immature personality, family and school problems). Many adverse effects--hypertension, kidney failure, psychoses--were declared. The mass-media has presented many articles concerning Ecstasy (MDMA). This is the most used drug during the rave parties. Its adverse effects are well known and proven. The authors would like to present other more recent synthesis drugs, also known as "analogs". These drugs, a kind of mixture between amphetamine-like (MDMA, MBDB, MDA) and misused medicines (ketamine, gamma OH, atropine) represent a real danger. GHB, 2 CB, HMB, are some of these recent substances. The possibility to procure them on the Web, or to produce them by oneself, add to their danger because of the lack of controls on toxicity and quality. The original danger signs were revealed by the FDA and currently a major preoccupation within french specialised services. The major problem for the practitionner is to inform the users, in order to prevent addiction and analyse the solutions.
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PMID:[New synthesis empathogenic agents]. 1059 16

Early studies by our group have shown that lead-induced hypertension (HTN) is closely related to enhanced activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, we have found indirect evidence that hydroxyl radical may be the most likely culprit in lead-exposed animals. In the present study, rat aortic endothelial cells were incubated in the presence of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 ppm lead acetate for 1, 24, and 48 h. At the conclusion of the incubation period cells were harvested and the media were collected. Lipid peroxidation products were measured as malondialdehyde-thiobarbituric acid (MDA-TBA) in the medium and hydroxyl radical was measured as 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3 DHBA) in the cells. After exposure to lead for 48 h, MDA-TBA generation and 2,3 DHBA formation were significantly increased. These data clearly demonstrate that lead exposure promotes hydroxyl radical generation and induces oxidative stress in isolated endothelial cells, mimicking the effects observed in lead-exposed animals. Enhanced inactivation of endothelium-derived nitric oxide by locally produced oxygen free radicals could contribute to endothelial dysfunction and HTN in lead-exposed animals.
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PMID:Lead promotes hydroxyl radical generation and lipid peroxidation in cultured aortic endothelial cells. 1082 9

Lead-induced hypertension has previously been shown to be closely associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species in low lead (100 ppm)-treated rats. The present study has attempted to define the specific moiety involved by noting the blood pressure (BP), reactive oxygen species (MDA-TBA), hydroxyl radical, and nitrotyrosine responses to infusion of the reactive oxygen species scavenger dimethylthiourea. Dimethylthiourea, a reputed scavenger of hydroxyl radical, normalized BP and MDA-TBA in the lead-treated rats but had no effect in normal control animals. MDA-TBA, hydroxyl radical, and nitrotyrosine, the tissue end product of peroxynitrite, were reduced to or toward normal by dimethylthiourea. The results, therefore, are consistent with the suggestion that either hydroxyl radical or peroxynitrite may be the reactive species affected by lead.
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PMID:Lead-induced hypertension. III. Increased hydroxyl radical production. 1124 9

Women with diabetes mellitus are at high risk of myocardial infarction (MI), and it is well recognized that smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and the diabetic state itself do not fully explain this increased risk. During the last decade, growing evidence has accumulated that the immune system, with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) as a key antigen, plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study was to explore the association between the immune response, as measured by antibody titres to malondialdehyde-treated LDL (MDA-LDL) and levels of C-reactive protein (CRP; a marker of inflammation), and diabetes mellitus and MI in women. Women (35-64 years) with diabetes (n=18) and non-diabetic women (n=46) who had been treated in hospital for MI were compared with diabetic women without MI (n=35) and healthy controls (n=70). Blood samples were collected after an overnight fast. CRP was determined with a highly sensitive immuno-enzymometric assay. IgM and IgG antibodies against MDA-LDL were analysed with a solid-phase ELISA technique. Women with diabetes but without previous MI were more similar to women with previous MI (both with and without diabetes) than to the healthy controls. Compared with healthy women, the women with diabetes and/or MI had higher IgG (P<0.05) and lower IgM (P=0.006) antibody titres against oxidized LDL and higher CRP levels (P<0.001), associations that were independent of other cardiovascular risk factors. These findings might indicate a differentiated immune response against modified LDL, more pronounced inflammation and a more aggressive atherosclerotic process in women with diabetes.
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PMID:Autoantibodies against oxidized low-density lipoprotein and C-reactive protein are associated with diabetes and myocardial infarction in women. 1167 58

Insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) is a cluster of prevalent conditions including glucose intolerance, hypertension and dyslipidemia, which commonly predispose to cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanism by which IRS is related with cardiovascular disease is not yet settled. Recently, it has been hypothesized that atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease and that an increase in oxidative stress plays a key role in causing endothelial dysfunction associated with atherosclerosis. There has been, however, no study directly relating IRS with oxidative stress in human subjects. We measured various markers of oxidative stress among subjects who participated in a population-based epidemiological study performed in 1996. IRS was defined as non-diabetic subjects having more than two of three salient features of the syndrome (glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia/low high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and hypertension). The subjects with IRS (n=70) showed higher plasma malondialdehyde (MDA; 2.10+/-1.43 vs. 1.63+/-1.21 micromol/ml, P=0.009), homocysteine (16.32+/-8.34 vs. 13.06+/-6.49 micromol/l, P=0.002) and ceruloplasmin concentrations (29.80+/-5.28 vs. 27.39+/-5.10 mg/dl, P=0.002) than control subjects (n=196). Plasma MDA concentration was positively correlated with waist-to-hip ratio (r=0.124, P=0.044), and with plasma triglyceride (TG; r=0.163, P=0.008), ferritin (r=0.200, P=0.002) and homocysteine concentrations (r=0.136, P=0.032). These results suggest that increase in oxidative stress may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease in IRS.
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PMID:Oxidative stress markers in Korean subjects with insulin resistance syndrome. 1173 6

Changes in mean artery pressure (MAP), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and nitric oxide (NO) contents in inflow and outflow pulmonary blood(IPB,OPB) were observed after endotoxin lipopolysacchride (LPS) was injected i.v. in rabbits. Changes of PAP and lung injury were also observed after inhibitor of NO synthesis L-NNA or inhibitor of inducible NO synthesis AG was pre-injected by vein. The results showed that MAP decreased significantly after LPS administration, and 0.5-2h later PAP showed some increase (P<0.05) being maximum at PAP (1h) during which the content of NO in IPB was detectably decreased but NO in OPB did not. NO contents in OPB at 3h and in IPB and OPB at 5h increased significantly following LPS administration as compared with control.PAP correlated negatively with NO in IPB at the time before and 1h after LPS injection, which did not exist at 3 and 5h after LPS injection. After L-NNA pretreatment, when PAP elevated significantly, the MDA content in IPB and OPB also showed significant increase, while animal survival rate fell significantly. Light microscopic examination showed severe alveolar atelectasis, significant congestion and sequestration of leukocytes in lung tissue. When pretreated with AG, MAP elevated significantly in 3-5h, PAP remained unchanged. The MDA content in blood was lower at 5h in the LPS injected group with less pathological changes in lung tissue at 5h compared with the LPS group. The above results suggested that there was pulmonary hypertension in the early stage after endotoxin administration. The decrease of NO content in IPB may be one of the mechanisms underlying pulmonary artery hypertension(PAH).NO seemed to alleviate PAH and lung injury at the early stage after endotoxin administration. When iNOS was induced at the later stage, NO contributed to lung injury caused by endotoxin.
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PMID:[Effects of endogenous nitric oxide on pulmonary artery hypertension and lung injury induced by endotoxin]. 1197 80

Oxidative stress may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction in patients with diabetes or hypertension. An angiotensin II type 1 receptor(AT1) antagonist candesartan is now a widely used antihypertesive drug, and AT1 activation is a predominant source of oxidative stress. We studied the effect of a 12-week treatment of candesartan(4-12 mg-day) on oxidative stress markers [lipid peroxidation(LPO), malondialdehyde-modified LDL(MDA-LDL), 8-epi-PGF2 alpha, and the generation of superoxide anion by monocytes(CLA-DCL)] in 30 type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension (> 140/85 mmHg). Both MDA-LDL and CLA-DCL were significantly decreased, although the others were not changed. These data suggest that candesartan clinically improves oxidant stress, probably lowering the generation of superoxide anion from blood monocytes.
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PMID:[Effect of angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist on oxidative stress markers in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension]. 1287 92

Acutely increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) may lead to abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS), which ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury plays an important role. The main goal of the management of ACS is to lower the intra-abdominal pressure despite reperfusion injury. Octreotide (OCT), a synthetic somatostatin analogue, lowers the splanchnic perfusion. The aim of this study was to investigate whether OCT improves the reperfusion injury after decompression of acute abdominal hypertension.Under anesthesia, a catheter was inserted intraperitoneally and using an aneroid manometer connected to the catheter, IAP was kept at 20 mmHg (ischemia group; I) for 1h. In the I/R group, pressure applied for an hour was decompressed and 1h reperfusion period was allowed. In another group of I/R, OCT was administered (50 microg/kg i.p.) immediately before the decompression of IAP. The results demonstrate that kidney and lung tissues of malondialdehyde (MDA; an end product of lipid peroxidation) levels and myeloperoxidase (MPO; index of tissue neutrophil infiltration) activity were elevated, while glutathione (GSH; a key to antioxidant) levels were reduced in I/R group (P<0.001). Moreover, OCT treatment applied in the I/R group reduced the elevations in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels. Our results implicate that IAP causes oxidative organ damage and OCT, by reducing splanchnic perfusion and controlling the reperfusion of abdominal organs, could improve the reperfusion-induced oxidative damage. Therefore, its therapeutic role as a "reperfusion injury-limiting" agent must be further elucidated in IAP-induced abdominal organ injury.
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PMID:Octreotide: a new approach to the management of acute abdominal hypertension. 1470 53

In vivo mapping of the transcapillary fluxes in tumors can help predict the efficacy of delivery of blood-borne anticancer drugs. These fluxes are primarily affected by the vascular permeability and the pressure gradients across the blood vessels' walls. We describe herein high-resolution dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the influx and outflux transcapillary transfer rates in vivo in invasive MDA-MB-231 tumors orthotopically inoculated in severe combined immunodeficient mice. The tumors were noted for rapid growth, impaired drainage of fluid, and subsequent formation of cysts. Consequently, the time evolution of the contrast enhancement, induced by i.v. injection of Gadolinium diethylene-triamine-penta-acetate, exhibited two distinct patterns: transcapillary transfer in the cellular regions and simple diffusion in the cyst fluid. Both processes were analyzed at pixel resolution applying to each a physiological model and a corresponding algorithm. In the cellular region, the influx and outflux transcapillary transfer rates decreased during tumor growth; however, an increased disparity between the transfer constants was observed, with the outflux rate exceeding the influx rate. This quantitative spatial and temporal mapping of this disparity can provide a means to assess the physiological barriers to tracer delivery. It is hypothesized that both the increased disparity in transcapillary transfer rates and impaired fluid drainage in these tumors could arise from the development of interstitial hypertension.
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PMID:High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of disparities in the transcapillary transfer rates in orthotopically inoculated invasive breast tumors. 1512 54

A group of patients with moderate hypertension (149-150/90-99 mmHg) performed physical exercise for 3 months; we determined the oxidative stress in blood samples, by calculating the level of some antioxidative markers, the enzymes SOD, CAT, GPx, MDA and comparing the results with the values obtained from a group of healthy subjects. We found an increased oxidative stress at the hypertensive patients, with initial higher values of SOD and MDA and with lower values of CAT and GPx, compared to the normal subjects. After the 3 months of physical training, the oxidative stress improved, with decreasing activity of SOD, GPx, MDA and increasing CAT, maintaining the ratio CAT/SOD and GPx/SOD superior compared to normal subjects. The clinical study proved that after 3 months of physical exercise, there wasn't any increased oxidative stress at the hypertensive patients; however, the oxidative stress is present, proved by the values of MDA, significantly higher compared to the normal subjects.
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PMID:[Evaluation of oxidative stress and enzymatic antioxidants in medium physical training of moderate arterial hypertension]. 1568 60


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