Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A nine-year old girl with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) had acute severe neurologic complications at the end of the remission-induction chemotherapy course. Thirty-six hours following triple intrathecal (IT) therapy and intravenous (IV) administration of L-asparaginase (L-asp), tetraplegia developed and she became unconscious. She had bouts of hypertension and persistent tachycardia unresponsive to digitalis therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multiple brain white matter hyperintensities and filling defects in the saggital sinus, suggesting thrombosis. Over the 40 days, in addition to her neurologic compromise she also had transient diabetes mellitus, severe hyperlipidemia, hypoproteinemia and edema, liver and heart failure and staphylococcus aureus sepsis with prolonged bone marrow depression. Despite, coexistence of all these chemotherapy related complications, her neurologic functions and multiple organ failure improved gradually. After a 70 days' period of interruption, chemotherapy was resumed and continued without any further complications. Although, the etiology of her extensive sensitivity to some drugs remains unclear, we believe that it is important to document these unusual events in this child.
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PMID:Coexistence of life threatening chemotherapy related leukoencephalopathy, saggital sinus thrombosis and multiple organ failure in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: an unusual case with clinical recovery. 932 1

Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) is being increasingly described with various etiologies even in the absence of hypertension. We present an 11-year-old patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who presented with seizures while on treatment with L-asparaginase. MRI showed bilaterally symmetrical nonenhancing occipital lesions characteristic of RPLS. L-Asparaginase-induced RPLS is a rare cause of neurological symptoms in patients on induction chemotherapy.
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PMID:L-asparaginase-induced reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 1237 14

A 46-year-old male with refractory biphenotypic acute leukemia was treated with doxorubicin (days 1-3, 15-17), vincristine (days 1, 8, 15, 22), prednisolone (days 1-28), and L-asparaginase (L-ASP: days 15-28) as reinduction therapy. Physical examination revealed normotensive state and normal consciousness. On the 27th day, systemic seizures developed with mild hypertension (BP 151/98 mmHg). Computed tomography (CT) imaging of the brain showed areas of hypodensity in the bilateral white matter, and in the occipital and posterior parietal areas. Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed some high intensity area involving the white matter, but also involving the cortex in the same area. Because the patient's condition progressed into unconsciousness and apnea from recurrent seizures, a respirator and anticonvulsants were needed. Four days later, the patient's general condition dramatically improved. There were no abnormal findings on MRI, and we diagnosed the cause of the seizures as reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS). In adults, RPLS caused by chemotherapy is rare, especially L-ASP. Our patient did not have any previous history of convulsion up to the LAdVP, which brought on the seizures. It was considered that the RPLS might be caused by L-ASP, which had been given to this patient for the first time and was being given to him at the time of developing the seizures. RPLS is one of the causes of neurologic complications by L-ASP.
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PMID:[Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome probably caused by L-asparaginase]. 1686 82

Antitumor and immunosuppressant treatment-related neurotoxicity can determine nonspecific clinical syndromes. Exclusion of other possible causes, among which tumor progression, appearance of paraneoplastic disease, renal or hepatic failure, diabetes or hypertension, is relevant. We report clinical and neuroradiological features in five patients with neurotoxic syndromes due to chemotherapy/radiotherapy or immunosuppression in the context of neoplastic disease/organ transplantation. Acute neurological syndrome developed in three patients after methotrexate (MTX), cyclosporine A, and L-asparaginase therapy, respectively. MRI showed posterior reversible encephalopathy in two cases and venous thrombosis with intraparenchymal hematoma in the third patient. Late onset clinical syndrome occurred in the last two patients, treated with MTX or radiation therapy for breast cancer metastasis and pituitary adenoma. Neuroimaging showed brain diffuse abnormalities. Patients affected by tumors suffer from increased risk for treatment-related toxicities. Appearance or worsening of neurological signs and symptoms challenge the clinician to discriminate between CNS involvement by the tumor, toxicity of drugs, parane-oplastic disease and infections. MRI has a key role in differential diagnosis. Close interaction between the neurologist, the oncologist and the neuroradiologist leads to the optimal management of patients.
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PMID:Clinical and radiological features of brain neurotoxicity caused by antitumor and immunosuppressant treatments. 1861 59

Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) is recently described disorder with typical radiological findings in the posterior regions of the cerebral hemisphere and cerebellum. Its clinical symptoms include headache, decreased alertness, mental abnormalities, such as confusion, diminished spontaneity of speech, and changed behavior ranging from drowsiness to stupor, seizures, vomiting and abnormalities of visual perception like cortical blindness. RPLS is caused by various heterogeneous factors, the commonest being hypertension, followed by non-hypertensive causes such as eclampsia, renal diseases and immunosuppressive therapy. We presented nine patients with RPLS who had primary diagnoses such as acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, idiopathic hypertension, the performing of intravenous immunoglobulin for infection with crescentic glomerulonephritis, erythrocyte transfusion for severe iron deficiency, L: -asparaginase treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and performing of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor for ulcerative colitis due to neutropenia. Early recognition of RPLS as complication during different diseases and therapy in childhood may facilitate precise diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
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PMID:Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome in childhood: report of nine cases and review of the literature. 1980 87

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) has been reported in childhood leukemia patients increasingly frequently. However, the development of PRES in adult leukemia patients during chemotherapy is very rare. We present a case of PRES in an adult patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) after remission induction chemotherapy. A 28-year-old woman with ALL was administered remission induction chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, daunorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, and L-asparaginase. After initiation of chemotherapy, the patient developed paralytic ileus and hypertension, and on day 30, she suddenly developed generalized convulsions, loss of visual acuity, and muscle weakness in the legs. Magnetic resonance imaging findings and her signs and symptoms were typical of PRES. The symptoms gradually improved following treatment with an anticonvulsant and an antihypertensive agent, and the patient underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. She has completely recovered from PRES and has been asymptomatic without leukemia relapse. During remission induction chemotherapy for ALL, PRES may be caused by multiple drugs, such as L-asparaginase, vincristine, and corticosteroids, with different mechanisms of action. PRES should be recognized as an important complication, which will occur more frequently with the increased intensity of chemotherapy for adult ALL patients.
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PMID:Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in an adult patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia after remission induction chemotherapy. 2216 Aug 36

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical and radiological syndrome mostly related to hypertension, eclampsia, renal failure, or to chemotherapy and/or immunosuppressive drugs. Although the PRES pathophysiology is multifactorial, hypertension and endothelial dysfunction are hypothesized to be the pivotal factors. Here we report a case of PRES in an adult patient after chemotherapy (Escherichia coli L-asparaginase [L-ASP], daunorubicin, vincristine, and intrathecal methotrexate) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The development of the PRES was strictly associated with an iatrogenic coagulopathy induced by L-ASP, which inhibits the biosynthesis of hepatic coagulation factors. The nadir of platelet count, antithrombin III (ATIII) and fibrinogen curve was coincident with the onset of the PRES neurological picture; subsequently, the normalization of the ATIII and fibrinogen levels seemed to parallel the good clinical evolution. This case seems to provide new insights into the PRES pathophysiological mechanisms.
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PMID:Iatrogenic Coagulopathy and the Development of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome after L-asparaginase Chemotherapy. 2701 3

Although there are high survival rates for children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, their outcome is often counterbalanced by the burden of toxic effects. This is because reported frequencies vary widely across studies, partly because of diverse definitions of toxic effects. Using the Delphi method, 15 international childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia study groups assessed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia protocols to address toxic effects that were to be considered by the Ponte di Legno working group. 14 acute toxic effects (hypersensitivity to asparaginase, hyperlipidaemia, osteonecrosis, asparaginase-associated pancreatitis, arterial hypertension, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, seizures, depressed level of consciousness, methotrexate-related stroke-like syndrome, peripheral neuropathy, high-dose methotrexate-related nephrotoxicity, sinusoidal obstructive syndrome, thromboembolism, and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia) that are serious but too rare to be addressed comprehensively within any single group, or are deemed to need consensus definitions for reliable incidence comparisons, were selected for assessment. Our results showed that none of the protocols addressed all 14 toxic effects, that no two protocols shared identical definitions of all toxic effects, and that no toxic effect definition was shared by all protocols. Using the Delphi method over three face-to-face plenary meetings, consensus definitions were obtained for all 14 toxic effects. In the overall assessment of outcome of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treatment, these expert opinion-based definitions will allow reliable comparisons of frequencies and severities of acute toxic effects across treatment protocols, and facilitate international research on cause, guidelines for treatment adaptation, preventive strategies, and development of consensus algorithms for reporting on acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treatment.
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PMID:Consensus definitions of 14 severe acute toxic effects for childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia treatment: a Delphi consensus. 2729 79

Trombosis is seen in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia during or after L-asparaginase treatment. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a complex syndrome characterized with sudden hypertension, headache, nausea, vomiting, alteration in the state of consciousness, vision defect and seizures. The cases related to this syndrome have been reportedly seen after eclampsia, organ transplantation, immunsuppressive treatments, autoimmune diseases and chemotherapy. Vasogenic edema occuring in the brain parencyhma constitues the basic pathophysiology. We present a case who developed seizures during treatment for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and diagnosed as posterior reversible encephalopathy.
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PMID:A trombosis story and PRES. 2805 2