Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Persons participating in a 5-day diagnostic protocol were routinely typed for ABO, Rh, MNS, Kell, Kidd, Duffy, P, Haptoglobin, phosphoglucomutase-1 (PGM-1), and acid phosphatase (AcP). The study population was composed of 164 normotensive whites, 34 normotensive blacks, 161 whites and 43 blacks with essential hypertension, and 52 whites with secondary forms of hypertension (18 atherosclerotic renovascular hypertensives, 17 patients with fibromuscular disease, and 17 patients with primary aldosteronism). There were no significant differences in phenotype frequencies in ABO, Rh, Kidd, Kell, Duffy, P, Haptoglobin, PGM-1 or AcP in any of the comparisons. However, there was a significantly different distribution of MNS phenotypes in comparisons of essential and atherosclerotic renovascular hypertensives with normotensive controls. Essential hypertensives had a lower frequency of the S gene and a higher frequency of s in whites (X2 = 12.21, p less than 0.005). Atherosclerotic renovascular hypertensives differed from the normotensive population in the frequencies of both MN (X 2 = 4.34, p less than 0.05) and Ss (X2 = 4.21, p less than 0.05). The finding of disease-blood group associations supports the hypothesis that there may be significant physiological differences between individuals of different blood types.
Hypertension
PMID:Association of blood groups with essential and secondary hypertension. A possible association of the MNS system. 16 54

Hypertension is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis and often occurs in association with diabetes mellitus. Specific activities of hydrolases in homogenates of aortas from rats with renal-clip hypertension, normotension following a period of hypertension, and hypertension combined with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus were measured. Enzymes included: neutral alpha-glucosidase, and lysosomal N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, cathepsin C, acid alpha-glucosidase, and acid cholesteryl esterase. After 6 or 12 weeks of hypertension, specific activities of all enzymes measured were significantly increased, levels ranging from 24% above normal for cathepsin C to 351% above normal for N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase. Six weeks of normotension following 6 weeks of hypertension resulted in restoration to normal of four of the six enzyme activities; the remaining two enzymes were significantly below normal levels. Combined hypertension and diabetes mellitus showed smooth muscle cell levels of four of the five hydrolases measured to be significantly lower than those present with hypertension alone. In every instance, histochemical studies of aortas showed acid phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activities which corresponded to the biochemical findings. These findings indicate profound and discrete effects of two clinical risk factors on vascular smooth muscle cell lysosomes.
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PMID:Hydrolase activities in the rat aorta. II. Effects of hypertension alone and in combination with diabetes mellitus. 65 43

The activity of succinate dehydrogenase, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase in the lymphocytes of peripheral blood was studied in 28 patients with hypertensive disease and vasorenal hypertension (the diagnosis was made on the basis of the findings of angiographic examination) by the method of quantitative cytochemical analysis suggested by R.P. Nartsissov. It was revealed that alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity was significantly lower in vasorenal hypertension than in hypertensive disease. The calculation of the difference between the value of succinate dehydrogenase activity and that of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity in these groups was also significant. It is concluded that a complex of cytochemical analysis may be used in differential diagnosis of vasorenal hypertension and hypertensive disease.
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PMID:[Determination of dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase activity in the lymphocytes in hypertension and vasorenal hypertension]. 72 32

Esterase and Acid phosphatase isozymes were examined in a number of organs, glands and tissues from Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) and kidney and liver from DOCA hypertensive rats at various stages in comparison with those of normotensive rats (CR). In SHR, the abnormalities in the patterns of esterase isozyme were demonstrated in endocrine glands and respiratory tracts as well as in the kidney, liver and digestive tracts throughout the whole life span, and abnormalities in the patterns of acid phosphatase isozyme was also demonstrated in the liver after seven days of age. Moreover, in DOCA hypertensive Rats, minute alterations in esterase isozyme were demonstrated in the kidney and liver after seventh month of the duration of hypertension.
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PMID:Zymogram analyses of various organs, glands and tissues from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and DOCA hypertensive rats. 116 4

Kidney biopsy specimens obtained from a group of individuals with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) have been processed for light and electron microscopic immunolocalization of total immunoglobulins (Igs). In a few cases, acid phosphatase (ACPase), a lysosomal enzyme marker, was ultrastructurally visualized. In the glomeruli, horseradish peroxidase-stained Igs were revealed in capillary lumina, urinary spaces and in transit through occasional loci of the glomerular basal membranes while ACPase-containing lysosomes resided both within and outside the cells. In the proximal tubules, Igs were traced in the endocytic vesicles and vacuoles, the latter also being positive for ACPase. Statistically significant relationships have been revealed between the number of IGs-labeled proximal tubules and some clinical or pathomorphological stigmata of CGN, in particular, proteinuria and arterial hypertension levels, marked interstitial sclerosis, etc. The data obtained are discussed in regard to the mechanisms of increased macromolecular filtration and the different proteinuria selectivity levels as well as the development of interstitial sclerosis as a result of the elevated reabsorption and incomplete lysosomal degradation of Igs in CGN.
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PMID:[Immunoglobulin filtration and reabsorption as possible factors in the pathogenesis of chronic glomerulonephritis. Clinical, immunomorphological and histoenzymological research]. 144 Mar 30

In order to obtain information about the changes in lysosomal enzyme activities in arterial endothelial cells under hypertensive conditions, a biochemical study was performed on 5 lysosomal enzymes, acid phosphatase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAGase), cathepsin B, cathepsin D and beta-glucuronidase, in endothelial cells isolated by an enzymatic technique from the aorta of spontaneously and renal hypertensive rats, and normotensive control rats. The aortic endothelial cells in the old spontaneously and the renal hypertensive rats showed increased activities of enzymes examined in comparison with those in the age-matched control rats. Endothelial cells in young spontaneously hypertensive rats did not show any elevated enzyme activities compared with those in the controls, and the enzyme activities tended to increase with aging. From this, it is deduced that hypertension activates lysosomal enzyme activities in aortic endothelial cells. The differences in the activities of NAGase, cathepsin B and cathepsin D between hypertensive and control animals increased markedly with advancing age. These activated lysosomal enzymes seem to be involved in the developmental mechanism of arterial endothelial cell injury in hypertension and in further development of hypertensive vascular changes.
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PMID:Effect of hypertension on lysosomal enzyme activities in aortic endothelial cells. 335 16

In an attempt to clarify the role of lysosomal enzymes in the developmental mechanisms of the changes of cerebral microvessels under hypertensive conditions, the activities of acid phosphatase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, and beta-glucuronidase in the isolated microvessels from the cerebral cortex of spontaneously and renal hypertensive rats were biochemically studied. The activities of all the enzymes were higher than those in normotensive control animals, although there was a variation in intensity according to the age and kind of enzymes. The enzyme activities in spontaneously hypertensive rats showed a tendency to increase with advancing age. Hypertension seems to increase activities of lysosomal enzymes in cerebral microvessels, and this activation may in turn play a role in the development of further hypertensive cerebrovascular and cerebral changes.
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PMID:Lysosomal enzyme activities in the cerebral microvessels in spontaneously and renal hypertensive rats. 339 63

Cardiac rupture occurs in 10 per cent of patients who die with acute myocardial infarction, but the pathogenesis remains unclear. Twenty randomly selected patients with cardiac rupture were reviewed retrospectively at autopsy, and the findings were compared with those of 20 age- and sex-matched control subjects who had died of acute transmural myocardial infarction without rupture. The times from the onset of chest pain to death were similar in the two groups (5.7 +/- 5.8 days for patients with rupture versus 4.2 +/- 4.9 days for control subjects), and there were no differences in the incidences of systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, history of myocardial infarction, or angina pectoris. The severity of coronary atherosclerosis was different in the two groups, with 55 per cent of the patients with cardiac rupture having single-vessel disease and 70 per cent of the patients without cardiac rupture having disease in three vessels. Additionally, the incidence of thrombosis was greater in patients with cardiac rupture than in those without. The inflammatory cell response in each patient was quantitated microscopically (number and type of leukocytes) in ten high-power fields. The inflammatory response was greater in patients with cardiac rupture. The number of eosinophils in the inflammatory response was significantly (P less than 0.01) greater in hearts associated with cardiac rupture (29.5 +/- 4 per cent) than in control hearts (11.7 +/- 3.1 per cent). It is postulated that eosinophils rich in arylsulfatase B, peroxidase, glucuronidase, beta-glycerophosphatase, major basic protein, and eosinophilic cationic protein may further weaken the necrotic myocardium and, in part, determine whether acute myocardial infarction will eventually result in cardiac rupture.
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PMID:Association of eosinophils with cardiac rupture. 399 34

Hypertension induces hypertrophy and increased turnover of aortic smooth muscle cells along with an accumulation of connective tissue in the aortic wall. We identified the lysosomes in normal and hypertensive aortic muscle cells by light and electron microscopy, utilizing cytochemical staining for acid phosphatase activity. Lysosomes were found to be more numerous in hypertensive vessels. Biochemical assays of two specific lysosomal enzymes revealed a doubling of acid phosphatase and a more than threefold increase in beta-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase activities in hypertensive aortas.
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PMID:Lysosomes in aortic smooth muscle cells. Effects of hypertension. 476 60

Demonstration by a combined histochemical and electron-microscopic technique of the ultrastructure of and acid phosphatase within the juxtaglomerular granules in kidneys of normal man and rat and in those from members of both species with renal Hypertension indicate the identity of Juxtaglomerular granules as lysosomes.
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PMID:Lysosomal nature of juxtaglomerular granules. 593 12


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