Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty six individuals with angiographic evidence of coronary atherosclerosis and thirty six individuals without coronary disease, matched for a variety of cardiovascular risk factors including age, sex, smoking, hypertension, diabetes and family history, were evaluated for their serum concentrations of vitamin E, total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, and apolipoprotein B. Apolipoprotein B, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and total cholesterol concentrations were unequivocally higher in patients with coronary artery disease. Triacylglycerols were marginally higher in patients with disease. The antioxidant vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) was significantly higher in patients with atherosclerosis when compared with controls (35.1 +/- 17.0 mumol/l vs. 29.0 +/- 13.2 mumol/l, p = 0.017). However, alpha-tocopherol concentrations were strongly associated with lipid concentrations and normalization to the total cholesterol concentrations produced ratios which were not significantly different in the two groups. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the association of lipid risk factors with coronary stenosis was determined primarily by the difference in total cholesterol values. This study demonstrated that in this group of patients referred for angiography and matched for other risk factors, higher alpha-tocopherol concentrations were associated with patients with coronary disease and were not useful for assessing risk of coronary artery disease.
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PMID:Vitamin E compared with other potential risk factor concentrations in patients with and without coronary artery disease: a case-matched study. 781 29

This study reports the changes in total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, apolipoproteins A-I, B, C-II and (a) before, directly after and 48 hours after chronic renal dialysis on 46 non-selected patients (20 male, 26 female; time since first dialysis 1-203 months (median 22 months), median age 52 years, range 25-82 years). Thirty six of the 46 patients (17 men and 19 women) suffered from hypertension. There were no sex-linked differences in any analyte except cholesterol, which was significantly higher in women than in men at all times. The apolipoproteins were determined with immunoluminometric assays. Apolipoprotein C-II was determined as the apolipoprotein C-II: apolipoprotein B complex. Lipoprotein(a) was determined using two antibodies directed against apolipoprotein(a). Significant increases (p < 0.05) in serum concentrations before and after dialysis were seen for all analytes with the exception of cholesterol (no significant change) and apolipoprotein C-II (significant decrease). The median increases were: cholesterol 5%, triacylglycerols 28%, apolipoprotein A-I 19%, apolipoprotein B 11%, apolipoprotein C-II -39%, lipoprotein(a) [all patients 21%, <300 mg/l 8%, > 300 mg/l 163%]. The values 48 hours after dialysis were not significantly different from the value before dialysis for cholesterol (-5%), apolipoprotein B (0%) and lipoprotein(a) (-2% - all patients). Statistically significant lower concentrations of apolipoprotein C-II (-28%) (p < 0.01) and triacylglycerols (-19%) (p < 0.01) were observed, but not investigated further. The behaviour of lipoprotein(a) was not correlated with any of the other analytes except triacylglycerols, where a statistically significant negative correlation was seen in all groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Acute changes in concentrations of apolipoproteins A-I, B, C-II and lipoprotein(a) in serum covering the period from directly before to 48 hours after chronic haemodialysis. 803 62

The prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and associated risk factors was studied in 413 men aged 70-89, the survivors of the Finnish cohorts of the Seven Countries Study. Men were divided into five categories according to manifestations of prevalent CVD: I, history or ECG evidence of previous myocardial infarction (MI; 48 men, 12%); II, typical angina pectoris (AP; 56 men, 14%); III, other ischaemic electrocardiographic (ECG) changes (82 men, 20%); IV, stroke, transient ischaemic attack, intermittent claudication or minor ECG changes (other CVD; 78 men, 19%); V, free of CVD (149 men, 36%). Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were lowest in men with previous MI and in men free of CVD, and highest in men with other ischaemic ECG changes (P = 0.017). Low HDL-cholesterol (< 0.9 mmol/l) was more prevalent and the total/HDL-cholesterol ratio and triglyceride levels were higher in men with prevalent CHD (P < 0.05). Total and LDL-cholesterol, smoking, body mass index, fibrinogen, coagulation factor VIIc, apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein(a) were not associated with prevalent CVD. The results show that manifestations of CHD and CVD are common among elderly Finnish men. Low HDL-cholesterol, total/HDL ratio, triglycerides and hypertension were associated with manifest CVD cross-sectionally.
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PMID:Prevalence of coronary heart disease and associated risk factors among elderly Finnish men in the Seven Countries Study. 814 50

One hundred and thirty-eight male subjects working as civil servants in the Catanzaro city hall, aged over 45, underwent Echo-Doppler examination of carotid and femoral arteries. Forty-one subjects (30%) presented evidence of early atherosclerotic lesions in at least 1 of the 10 examined arteries. Age, systolic blood pressure, serum triglycerides and serum glucose were higher in this group when compared with subjects without evidence of extracoronary atherosclerosis (EA), while HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I were lower. After adjustment for age, only serum triglycerides and apolipoprotein A-I levels remained significantly different. Only 21 subjects had no major coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors, 46 had one, 47 two and 24 more than two risk factors. The prevalence of lesions was significantly higher in individuals with total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio greater than 5. The presence of smoking and hypertension was almost equally represented in individuals with or without lesions. Serum triglycerides, total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol > 5 and apolipoprotein A-I seem to play a fundamental role in the development of EA, as detected by Duplex examination of carotid and femoral arteries. Age is also closely related to the presence of lesions, probably reflecting the exposure duration to CHD risk factors.
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PMID:Early extracoronary atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease risk factors in a sample of civil servants in southern Italy. 825 46

The effects of long-term monotherapy with felodipine, a calcium antagonist, on blood pressure, glucose tolerance, and serum lipid profiles were prospectively investigated in 51 hypertensive patients: 13 with normal glucose tolerance and 38 with glucose intolerance. The levels of plasma glucose, serum lipids, and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c were determined before and during long-term (7.5 +/- 0.5 months; range, 6 to 9 months) therapy with felodipine. A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was performed before and during long-term felodipine therapy. Significant decreases in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures in both patient groups were maintained during the therapy. Neither fasting nor post-glucose load venous plasma glucose levels were altered in either group of patients, and no patients with normal glucose tolerance developed diabetes mellitus during the study. Serum lipid levels did not change significantly in either group of patients except for significant decreases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I in the group with normal glucose tolerance tests, but those changes remained within the normal range. Furthermore, neither serum lipid nor apolipoprotein levels were altered, even in patients with hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol levels, > 5.69 mmol/L = 220 mg/dL). These results suggest that long-term therapy with felodipine may not alter glucose and lipid metabolism in hypertensive patients, and felodipine appears to be useful as an antihypertensive agent for hypertensive patients with either dyslipidemia or impaired glucose metabolism.
Hypertension 1994 Jan
PMID:Felodipine therapy may not alter glucose and lipid metabolism in hypertensives. Felodipine Multicenter Prospective Study Group in Japan. 828 62

The relation between plasma lipids and coronary heart disease (CHD) in the elderly is still debated, as well as the proposed role of lipoproteins as markers of longevity. In this study both normolipidemic elderly and middle-aged women with CHD showed higher triglycerides and apolipoprotein B levels and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I levels in comparison with age-matched subjects without CHD. In the middle-aged group, hypertension and HDL-cholesterol levels and, in the elderly group, only HDL-cholesterol levels were independently associated with CHD. No significant difference was found between a group of healthy centenarians and elderly and middle-aged subjects without CHD. These data suggest that plasma lipids are also related to CHD in the elderly and that, even if at present we are not able to consider them as predictors of longevity, some lipoprotein features may contribute to select subgroups of subjects in which other factors play a further role in life expectancy.
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PMID:Plasma lipid, apolipoprotein and Lp(a) levels in elderly normolipidemic women: relationships with coronary heart disease and longevity. 853 9

The serum concentration of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoprotein A-I, and apolipoprotein B were determined in 228 patients with cerebral infarction, composed of 87 cases of asymptomatic lacunar infarction, 99 cases of lacunar infarction, and 42 cases of atherothrombotic infarction, and in a control group of 138 healthy subjects with normal MRI. Observations were made on the distribution of Lp(a), Lp(a) and other risk factors for cerebral infarction and these were statistically analyzed, primarily by multiple logistic regression analysis. The diagnosis of these cases was based on the Classification of Cerebrovascular Diseases III of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. The following results were obtained. 1) Lipoprotein (a) (1) Lp(a) did not show a normal distribution with the curve showing a gradual declining slope to the right. It was therefore considered not appropriate in our analysis to use as a means or standard deviation. (2) The 25th percentile, 50th percentile, and 75th percentile of the control group were 5.0 mg/dl, 11.0 mg/dl, and 22.4 mg/dl, respectively. In studying the distribution in these percentile ranges by subtypes of infarction, an increase in cases showing values greater than the median of the control group was observed in asymptomatic lacunar infarction, lacunar infarction, and atherothrombotic infarction, when compared to the control group. In asymptomatic lacunar infarction and lacunar infarction in particular, Lp(a) showed a significantly higher value compared to the control group. (3) However, by multiple logistic regression analysis to adjust for age and sex, Lp(a) did not show a significant odds ratio for asymptomatic lacunar infarction, lacunar infarction and atherothrombotic infarction. 2) Various serum lipids and other parameters (1) The various serum lipids did not show any involvement in asymptomatic lacunar infarction. However, involvement of HDLC and Apo A-I in lacunar infarction and atherothrombotic infarction was observed with the odds ratios in lacunar infarction being 4.2 with a confidence interval of 2.9-9.4 and 4.7 with a confidence interval of 2.2-10.1, and the odds ratios in atherothrombotic infarction being 3.1 with a confidence interval of 1.1-9.0 and 9.6 with a confidence interval of 3.0-30.5, respectively. (2) Involvement of diabetes mellitus in asymptomatic lacunar infarction and lacunar infarction was small, but a strong involvement in atherothrombotic infarction was observed with the odds ratio being 4.3 with a confidence interval of 1.2-16.2. (3) Involvement of hypertension in asymptomatic lacunar infarction and lacunar infarction was observed with the odds ratios being 2.6 with a confidence interval of 1.4-5.2 and 5.6 with a confidence interval of 2.4-13.0, respectively, but the involvement in atherothrombotic infarction was low. The foregoing results indicated that there was no involvement of Lp(a) as a risk factor for any type of cerebral infarction, unlike its involvement in coronary heart diseases. Only blood pressure was involved as a risk factor for asymptomatic lacunar infarction, but for lacunar infarction not only blood pressure but also HDLC and Apo A-I were involved as risk factors. HDLC, Apo A-I, and diabetes mellitus were involved as risk factors for atherothrombotic infarction, but the involvement of hypertension was minimal.
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PMID:Lipoprotein(a) and other risk factors for cerebral infarction. 856 15

To study the relationship of the concentration of serum lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] with diabetic complications in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), 100 non-diabetics with 150 patients with NIDDM were compared. There was no difference in Lp(a) concentration (P > 0.5) between the two groups. Lp(a) concentration was not significantly correlated with the levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), HDL2-C, HDL3-C, apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B in both groups. In NIDDM group, patients with hypertension, macro- and microangiopathy had higher levels of Lp(a) than those without these complications (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002 respectively). Lp(a) level was positively related to presence of macroangiopathy (r = 0.185, P = 0.024) and proteinuria (r = 0.316, P < 0.001) in NIDDM.
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PMID:[Lipoprotein (a) and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus]. 938 40

Microangiopathy-related cerebral damage (MARCD) represents a common incidental MRI observation in the elderly. The risk factors of such findings are widely unknown. We therefore performed MRI in 349 randomly selected volunteers (ages 50 to 70 years) without neuropsychiatric disease, and evaluated the association of MARCD with conventional and recently suggested cerebrovascular risk factors such as apolipoprotein E genotypes, plasma concentrations of essential antioxidants and anticardiolipin antibody titres. MARCD was defined as evidence of early confluent and confluent deep white matter hyperintensities and lacunes. It was present in 71 (20.3%) subjects. Individuals with MARCD were older than those without such findings (62.7 years vs 59.6 years; P=0.0001). They had a higher rate of arterial hypertension (45.1% vs 28.1%; P=0.006) and cardiac disease (50.7% vs 37.1%; P=0.04), higher systolic blood pressure readings at exam (144.4 mmHg vs 136.7 mmHg; P=0.004), and higher serum fibrinogen concentrations (327.1 mg/dl vs 292.5 mg/dl; P=0.001). Their levels of total cholesterol (217.6 mg/dl vs 231.2; P=0.009), apolipoprotein A-I (167.3 mg/dl vs 177.4 mg/dl, P=0.02), lycopene (0.17 micromol/l vs 0.24 micromol/l; P=0.003), retinol (1.91 micromol/l vs 2.10 micromol/l; P=0.02) and alpha-tocopherol (27.55 micromol/l vs 31.14 micromol/l; P=0.001) were significantly lower. Forward stepwise regression analysis created a model of independent predictors of MARCD with age entering first (odds ratio 2.01/10 years), fibrinogen second (odds ratio 2.45/100 mg/dl), alpha-tocopherol third (odds ratio 0.55/10 micromol/l), and arterial hypertension fourth (odds ratio 1.96). The association of MARCD with various treatable clinical conditions may have preventive implications.
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PMID:Risk factors for microangiopathy-related cerebral damage in the Austrian stroke prevention study. 939 22

Plasma and lipoprotein lipid composition and endogenous hepatic antioxidant status were investigated in hypertensive, 14-week-old spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats fed a standard commercial rat chow. Total plasma calcium and magnesium concentrations were similar between both rat strains; however, systolic blood pressure in SHR was greater than in WKY at 13 weeks of age (197 +/- 12 vs. 132 +/- 14 mmHg; p < or = 0.05), confirming hypertension in SHR. Total plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations were lower (p < or = 0.05) in SHR compared with WKY. A lower (p < 0.05) HDL cholesterol level in SHR plasma resulted in a higher LDL to HDL cholesterol ratio compared with WKY counterparts. No significant differences in the relative proportion of HDL apolipoprotein A-I fraction were observed between SHR and WKY. Both SHR VLDL and HDL triacylglycerol fractions were lower (p < 0.05) in SHR than WKY. Analysis of liver antioxidant enzyme activities showed no differences in rat liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), but lower (p < 0.05) liver glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in SHR. However, liver glutathione (GSH) levels were similar in SHR and WKY counterparts. A possible compensatory effect to the oxidative status of SHR was suggested by the significant (p < 0.05) increase in both liver catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GSSG-Red) activities. Despite these results, in vitro oxidative challenge studies with H2O2 demonstrated a greater susceptibility of liver to GSH depletion in the SHR, although no parallel change in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) production was observed. The comparatively lower plasma cholesterol observed in hypertensive SHR paralleled specific differences in liver catalase and glutathione redox antioxidant enzyme activities.
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PMID:Plasma and lipoprotein lipid composition and hepatic antioxidant status in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive (WKY) rats. 963 61


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