Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hypertension is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis and often occurs in association with diabetes mellitus. Specific activities of hydrolases in homogenates of aortas from rats with renal-clip hypertension, normotension following a period of hypertension, and hypertension combined with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus were measured. Enzymes included: neutral alpha-glucosidase, and lysosomal N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, cathepsin C, acid alpha-glucosidase, and acid cholesteryl esterase. After 6 or 12 weeks of hypertension, specific activities of all enzymes measured were significantly increased, levels ranging from 24% above normal for cathepsin C to 351% above normal for N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase. Six weeks of normotension following 6 weeks of hypertension resulted in restoration to normal of four of the six enzyme activities; the remaining two enzymes were significantly below normal levels. Combined hypertension and diabetes mellitus showed smooth muscle cell levels of four of the five hydrolases measured to be significantly lower than those present with hypertension alone. In every instance, histochemical studies of aortas showed acid phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activities which corresponded to the biochemical findings. These findings indicate profound and discrete effects of two clinical risk factors on vascular smooth muscle cell lysosomes.
 ...
PMID:Hydrolase activities in the rat aorta. II. Effects of hypertension alone and in combination with diabetes mellitus. 65 43

There is good epidemiologic evidence that hypertension is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease. However, primary intervention trials have failed to demonstrate that a reduction in blood pressure in hypertensive patients reduces morbidity and mortality from cardiac events. Since various antihypertensive drugs adversely affect lipoprotein metabolism, these drugs may increase associated coronary risk and offset the beneficial effects of lowering blood pressure. This article reviews the effects of various antihypertensive drugs on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins. They can be summarized as follows: thiazide-type diuretics cause a marked elevation of plasma triglycerides and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and minor increases in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), but have little effects on high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The nonselective beta-blockers do not significantly affect total cholesterol and LDL, but increase total triglycerides and VLDL and decrease HDL. The changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins caused by cardioselective beta-blockers and beta-blockers with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity are qualitatively similar but less pronounced. Calcium antagonists and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors appear to have no significant effects on plasma lipids. alpha 1-Inhibitors reduce total triglycerides, total cholesterol, VLDL, and LDL and increase HDL. The possible mechanisms by which antihypertensive drugs affect cellular lipid metabolism (e.g., LDL receptor, lipid synthesis, lipoprotein lipase, lecithin cholesteryl acyltransferase, acylcholesteryl acyltransferase, and cholesteryl ester hydrolase) are described. The clinical significance of changes in blood lipids and cellular lipid metabolism caused by antihypertensive drugs is not yet totally clear. Nevertheless, before antihypertensive drug treatment is initiated, blood lipid levels should be measured to identify preexisting hyperlipidemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Effects of antihypertensives on plasma lipids and lipoprotein metabolism. 305 88

Changes in the activity of blood monocytic cholesterol esterase in men with major CHD risk factors (dyslipoproteinemia, arterial hypertension, excessive body mass) were described. Standard methods of epidemiological survey and a radionuclide method to determine cholesterol esterase activity applied to a representative sampling (195 persons) have shown that enzymatic activity was growing with age. In examinees with hyperlipoproteinemia of type IIa and IIb the activity of cholesterol esterase was decreased, and in persons with excessive body mass it was increased. In combination of 2-3 CHD risk factors significant differences in enzymatic activity were undetectable.
 ...
PMID:[Cholesterol esterase activity of blood monocytes and the main risk factors of ischemic heart disease in men aged 20-59]. 321 63

Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP and SHR) and normotensive WKR were treated with hypotensive drugs, and arterial and venous enzyme activities were compared between treated and nontreated hypertensive groups. With the 4 month experiment, cholesterol esterase activity in the aorta from hypertensive SHRSP and SHR was significantly lower than that in the respective treated groups, whereas venous activity did not differ. By contrast, aortic NAGA activity was significantly higher in the hypertensive groups without any changes in venous activity. Acid phosphatase activity was unaltered. No effects of treatment were observed in the normotensive WKR. Accompanying a decrease in aortic cholesterol esterase, there was a marked increase in aortic cholesteryl esters accompanying hypertension. Aortic phosphodiesterase activity was significantly elevated in the hypertensive SHRSP and SHR compared with the respective treated groups. These results suggest that hypertension of long duration specifically decreased aortic cholesterol esterase activity with a consequent accumulation of cholesteryl esters in the aorta, and that this hemodynamic effect seemed to be partly mediated by cyclic AMP with an effect on the lysosomal membrane. These results could provide the biochemical bases for the relationship between hypertension and atherosclerosis.
 ...
PMID:Hemodynamic effects on aortic enzyme activities in spontaneously hypertensive rats. 625 51

In spontaneously hypertensive rats, prolonged hypertension caused a decrease in aortic cholesterol esterase activity with N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity increased and acid phosphatase activity unchanged [3]. The present study was undertaken to compare these changes with those caused by other experimentally induced types of hypertension. Treatment with DOCA-salt for one month significantly elevated both aortic cholesterol esterase and acid phosphatase activities. In contrast, to spontaneous hypertension, venous changes were also observed. An intake of 1% NaCl ad libitum produced results similar to those with the DOCA-salt treatment, despite the fact that blood pressure did not increase. This suggested that humoral factors were the main cause of the elevated enzyme activities in DOCA-salt hypertension. In rats made hypertensive by unilateral renal arterial constriction with contralateral nephrectomy (one clip--one kidney hypertension) or without contralateral nephrectomy (one clip--two kidney hypertension), aortic cholesterol esterase activities were unchanged, while aortic N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, and aortic and venous acid phosphatase activities were increased. These results show distinct differences in the response of lysosomal enzymes during the three hypertensive states.
 ...
PMID:Aortic cholesterol esterase and other lysosomal enzyme activities in DOCA-salt, renal and spontaneous hypertension in the rat. 725 25

Changes in aortic lipolytic enzyme activities (cholesterol esterase and lipoprotein lipase) and acid phosphatase activity during aging were investigated in three strains of rats with different blood pressures; stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP), spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKR). The blood pressures of male, 7 month old animals, was 234 (SHRSP), 173 (SHR) and 128 (WKR) mmHg. The cholesterol esterase activity markedly decreased with age in the aortas of SHRSP, SHR and normotensive WKR rats, while acid phosphatase activity decreased only slightly, if at all, and lipoprotein lipase activity remained unchanged. This effect was enhanced by increasing blood pressure in SHRSP, SHR and WKR. The total aortic cholesterol content increased significantly with hypertension in a inverse relation with cholesterol esterase activity. These results suggest that cholesterol deposition in aged arteries is, at least partialy, ascribable to an age-related decrease in cholesterol esterase, and that hypertension aggravates the deposition of arterial cholesterol by accelerating the age-related decrease in aortic cholesterol esterase activity.
 ...
PMID:Age and blood pressure related changes in cholesterol esterase activity and cholesterol content in aortas of stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rats, spontaneously hypertensive rats and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats. 742 53

The Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rat is an animal model of type 2 diabetes, characterized by abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism of obesity and its related complications, we used representational difference analysis and identified the genes more abundantly and specifically expressed in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of obese OLETF rats compared with the diabetes-resistant counterpart, that is, Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats. By Northern blot analysis, we confirmed the differential expression of 13 genes, including 3 novel genes. The upregulated expression of well-characterized lipid metabolic enzymes, such as lipoprotein lipase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and cholesterol esterase, were observed in VAT of OLETF rats. We demonstrated the differential expression of secreted proteins in VAT of OLETF rats, such as thrombospondin 1 and contrapsin-like protease inhibitor. In contrast to lipid enzymes, the secreted proteins revealed exclusive mRNA expression and they were not detected in VAT of LETO rats. Furthermore, the novel genes OL-16 and OL-64 were also expressed specifically in VAT of OLETF rats and were absent in that of LETO rats and other tissues, including subdermal and brown adipose tissues. The C-terminal partial amino acid sequence of OL-64 revealed that it showed approximately 40% homology with alpha(1)-antitrypsin and it seemed to be a new member of the serine proteinase inhibitor (SERPIN) gene family. VAT of OLEFT rats had a unique gene expression profile, and the accumulated VAT-specific known and novel secreted proteins may play a role(s) in the pathogenesis of obesity and its related complications.
 ...
PMID:Identification of genes specifically expressed in the accumulated visceral adipose tissue of OLETF rats. 1101 3