UMLS:C0020538 - FACTA Search

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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 34,000 adults in Fukui City who had participated in annual health examinations at least once between 1986 and 1988, were followed for a period of 5 years. The results were as follows; (1) The mortality rate during a 5 year period was significantly lower for participants in health examinations than in nonparticipants of the same age group. (2) Mortality was significantly related to obesity, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glucosuria, proteinuria, occult blood in urine, GOT and cholesterol in man, in women obesity, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glucosuria, proteinuria, GOT, GPT and cholesterol were related to mortality. (3) An increase in hazard ratio with increasing degree of thinness was suggested particularly in males. (4) Hazard ratios increased with decreasing cholesterol in both men and women combined. (5) Except for hypertension which increased risk for circulatory disease, none of the above data appeared to be related to specific causes of death.
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PMID:[Relationship between participation in annual health examinations and mortality rate over a 5-year period]. 867 9

The relationships of change in body mass index (BMI) on blood pressure, blood and serum tests, and of life style, working posture and job category on change in BMI after age twenty were investigated in a cross sectional study. A total of 771 male employees aged 21 or older (mean age 29.9 +/- 9.1 years) of a semiconductor factory were examined in December 1993. BMI change of each subject was expressed as percent increase after age twenty. BMI value at age twenty was calculated from self-reported body weight at twenty and height measured at the 1993 health examination. Prevalences of high blood pressure (systolic blood pressure > or = 160 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure > or = 95 mmHg), high blood pressure including borderline hypertension (systolic blood pressure > or = 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure > or = 90 mmHg) and abnormal values of serum GOT, GPT, gamma-GPT, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, uric acid and fasting blood glucose were greater in the high BMI change group than in the low BMI change group (Chi-square test, P < 0.1). With the exception of hypertension, these associations remained virtually unchanged after adjusting for age, alcoholic consumption, smoking habits and BMI at 20 years of age by multiple logistic regression analysis. After adjustment for age by the Mantel-Henszael method, increases in BMI after 20 years of age were positively associated with the following eight items (p < 0.05): shorter standing time, shorter walking time, lower meal skipping frequency, shorter meal time, longer sitting time during work, larger meal size, greater frequency of salad consumption, and sedentary work such as clerk and engineer. Greater rice consumption and higher frequency of instant foods consumption were weakly associated with the increase in BMI (0.05 < p < 0.1). Job categories such as clerk and engineer were significantly associated with longer sitting time and shorter meal time, resulting in greater BMI increase after 20 years of age. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that shorter standing time, shorter meal time, larger meal size, greater frequency of instant foods consumption and greater frequency of salad consumption were independently correlated with the increase in BMI (p < 0.05). Larger rice consumption was slightly correlated with increasing BMI (0.05 < p < 0.1). This study showed that job category, working posture and food intake patterns were strongly associated with BMI change after age 20 in young male workers. This study provides useful information for health care and health promotion programs in young male workers.
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PMID:[Relation of life style, working posture and job category to body mass index change in young male workers]. 883 15

The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in 139 cases of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) was investigated with regard to a diagnosis of hypertension. Patients under 30 and over 79 years of age were omitted from this study, and those with complicating malignancies and undergoing anti-coagulation or antiplatelet therapy were also excluded. The prevalence of HCV was significantly higher among the ICH group as a whole (19 out of 139 cases, p < 0.05) especially in the non-hypertensive group (7 out of 29 cases, p < 0.01), compared to the control group (7 out of 140 cases without ICH). The non-hypertensive HCV-positive group (7 cases) had significantly higher GOT and GPT levels, prolonged PT and a-PTT values, and lower platelet counts, compared to the hypertensive HCV-negative group (74 cases). The HCV antibody titers did not differ among the HCV-positive groups. The results suggest that chronic hepatitis due to HCV infection is a major risk factor for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, especially in non-hypertensive patients.
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PMID:[C-type hepatitis in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage]. 899 Apr 78

In a prospective study 40 perimenopausal women with climacteric complaints between 45 to 52 years of age were examined. Twenty three (100%) were assigned to treatment with hormonal replacement therapy (Climen fy Schering-estradiol valerate cyproteron acetate) for 6 months. The therapy had to be stopped in 5 women (22%) for side effects. The drug was contraindicated in 17 patients because of non-treated hypertension, varices, hepatopathy and uterine fibroids with repeated metrorrhagia. In 18 patients (78%) Climax score, ALT, AST, bilirubin, total cholesterol, HDL-Chol, LDL-Chol, triglycerides, haemogram, fibrinogen, APTT, Quick test, serum Ca2+ and P2+ and urine C2+ and P2+/24 hours, weight and arterial blood pressure before and after the treatment were examined. The results confirm the benefical effect of Climen on the Climax score (p < 0.0001), total cholesterol (p < 0.01), HDL-Chol (p < 0.05) and LDL-Chol (p < 0.0001). After administration of Climen a significant decrease of P2+ serum concentration was demonstrated. Climen is suitable for treatment of acute climacteric complaints and has benefical effects on lipid metabolism.
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PMID:[Estradiol valerate/cyproterone acetate in the treatment of climacteric syndrome]. 900 75

Interferon (IFN) therapy is of proven efficacy in chronic hepatitis C, but it is not universally effective and is often limited by side effects. Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a potent immunosuppressant widely used in organ transplantation. We conducted a pilot study to determine whether CsA therapy could affect aminotransferase activity and hepatitis C virus RNA levels in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Cyclosporine A was administered to 10 patients (mean age of 59 years; male:female = 9:1) who did not respond to IFN therapy previously and who had elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values for at least 6 months. All patients were positive for HCV-RNA by RT-PCR with genotype 1b. Their mean duration of hepatitis was 15 years. Oral CsA was given for 3 months in a dose that was increased at 1 month intervals from 1.5-2.0 to 2.0-3.0 and 3.0-4.0 mg/kg per day. All patients completed the treatment schedule, although two patients developed mild non-symptomatic hypertension. Serum ALT levels gradually decreased in all but one patient. The mean percentage decrease was 59.5% at the end of therapy (from 153 +/- 82 to 62 +/- 48 IU/L; P < 0.02). The ALT levels fell to the normal range in five patients, although once therapy was discontinued the enzyme levels tended to return to pretreatment levels. Serum aspartate aminotransferase and g-glutamyl transpeptidase levels similarly decreased. The serum HCV-RNA titre, determined by competitive RT-PCR, did not change in any patient throughout the study period. There were no appreciable alterations in other laboratory tests, such as serum creatinine levels and lymphocyte subsets, except for an increase in serum alkaline phosphatase levels. These findings suggest that CsA, even in a relatively low dose, reduces serum aminotransferase levels without serious side effects in patients with chronic hepatitis C, although an antiviral effect was not noted.
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PMID:Cyclosporine therapy affects aminotransferase activity but not hepatitis C virus RNA levels in chronic hepatitis C. 907 26

Abnormal liver tests, as well as morphological changes in the liver, are frequent among obese patients. Other frequent disturbances are visceral fat accumulation, insulin resistance, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension; these are set of aberrations known as the metabolic syndrome. In order to investigate a possible relationship between the metabolic syndrome and impaired liver status we examined associations between liver tests, metabolic variables (insulin, glucose, and triglycerids), body composition and nutrition in 1,083 men (BMI 28.8-63.8 kg/m2) and 1,367 women (BMI 26.7-68.0 kg/m2) in the ongoing intervention study of Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS). Standard biochemical techniques were used to assess liver status and metabolic variables. Lean body mass (LBM) and masses of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) were estimated by means of computed tomography (CT) calibrated anthropometric equations. In both genders aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were, or tended to be, positively correlated to fasting serum insulin, visceral AT (women), and alcohol intake. In women, the aminotransferases were also correlated with fasting blood glucose. In both genders alkaline phosphatase was, or tended to be, positively associated with visceral AT, insulin (women), and glucose. Bilirubin was negatively correlated to insulin and visceral AT in men and women. Additional multivariate analyses indicated that alcohol had less explanatory power than serum insulin for the examined liver tests, especially among women. These results suggest that pathological liver tests in the obese may represent an expression of the metabolic syndrome.
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PMID:Are elevated aminotransferases and decreased bilirubin additional characteristics of the metabolic syndrome? 911 45

High serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol level and high blood pressure are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD risk factors usually occur simultaneously, fact that enhance personal and population CVD risk. Data from interventional studies suggest that reducing CAD risk factors significantly lowered risk of CAD. Fluvastatin, a statine, has been used in hypercholesterolemic populations. We report on a clinical trial (random selection) of fluvastatin vs. placebo on hipercholesterolemic patients (total cholesterol > or = 240 mg/dl and/or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) > or = 160 mg/dl) on treatment of mild to moderate high blood pressure. Forty Latin-American patients were randomized to placebo or 40 mg per day for 8 weeks of fluvastatin. Fluvastatin patients had a clinical and statistical significant reduction on total cholesterol (27.7%) and LDL-C (39.1%) Vs a non-significant reduction on the placebo group (6.9% total cholesterol and 9.1% LDL-C). One patient had elevated aspartate (AST) and alanine (ALT) aminotransferases (three times the local laboratory upper normal levels) associated with a chronic alcohol consumption, reverted 6 weeks after protocol completion. There was no important secondary effects; also there was no differences on this regard between placebo and verum group. Fluvastatin proved to be safe and well tolerated for this group of patients under a wide range of high blood pressure treatment.
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PMID:[Clinical trial with sodium fluvastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia associated with mild and moderate essential arterial hypertension]. 929 41

We report a 62-year-old man who developed coma and died in a fulminant course. The patient was well until May 1, 1996 when he noted chillness, tenderness in his shoulders, and he went to bed without having his lunch and dinner. In the early morning of May 2, his families found him unresponsive and snoring; he was brought into the ER of our hospital. He had histories of hypertension, gout, and hyperlipidemia since 42 years of the age. On admission, his blood pressure was 120/70, heart rate 102 and regular, and body temperature 36.3 degrees C. His respiration was regular and he was not cyanotic. Low pitch rhonchi was heard in his right lower lung field. Otherwise general physical examination was unremarkable. Neurologic examination revealed that he was somnolent and he was only able to respond to simple questions such as opening eyes and grasping the examiner's hand, but he was unable to respond verbally. The optic discs were flat; the right pupil was slightly larger than the left, but both reacted to light. He showed ptosis on the left side, conjugate deviation of eyes to the left, and right facial paresis. The oculocephalic response and the corneal reflex were present. His right extremities were paralyzed and did not respond to pain Deep tendon reflexes were exaggerated on the right side and the plantar response was extensor on the right. No meningeal signs were present. Laboratory examination revealed the following abnormalities; WBC 18,400/ml, GOT 131 IU/l GPT 50 IU/l, CK616 IU/l, BUN 30 mg/dl, Cr 2.1 mg/ dl, glucose 339 mg/dl, and CRP 27.4 mg/dl. ECG showed sinus tachycardia and ST elevation in II, III and a VF leads and abnormal q waves in I, V5, and V6 leads. Chest X-ray revealed cardiac enlargement but the lung fields were clear. Cranial CT scan revealed low density areas in the left middle cerebral and left posterior cerebral artery territories. The patient was treated with intravenous glycerol infusion and other supportive measures. At 2: 10 AM on May 3, he developed sudden hypotension and cardiopulmonary arrest. He was pronounced dead at 3:45 AM. The patient was discussed in a neurological CPC, and the chief discussant arrived at the conclusion that the patient had acute myocardial infarction involving the inferior and the true posterior walls and left internal carotid embolism from a mural thrombus. Post mortem examination revealed occlusion of the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery due to atherom plaque rupture and myocardial infarction involving the posterior and the lateral wall with a rupture in the postero-lateral wall. Marked atheromatous changes were seen in the left internal carotid, the middle cerebral and the basilar arteries; the left internal carotid and the middle cerebral arteries were almost occluded by thrombi and blood coagulate. The territories of the left middle cerebral and the occipital arteries were infarcted; but the left thalamic area was spared. The neuropathologist concluded that the infarction was thrombotic origin not an embolic one as the atherosclerotic changes were severe. Cardiac rupture appeared to be the cause of terminal sudden hypotension and cardiopulmonary arrest. It appears likely that a vegetation which had been attached to the aortic valve induced thromboembolic occlusion of the left internal carotid artery which had already been markedly sclerotic by atherosclerosis. It is also possible that the vegetations in the aortic valve came from mural thrombi at the site of acute myocardial infarction, as no bacteria were found in those vegetations.
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PMID:[A 62-year-old man with an acute onset of consciousness disturbances]. 945 48

We evaluated the relationship between the area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) of cyclosporin A (CsA) and several other clinical factors, because the clinical utility of AUC monitoring has been ambiguous. Fifty-four clinical time courses from 14 Japanese renal transplant patients during hospitalization, in the period from April 1990 to March 1997, were examined. In a bivariate regression analysis there was no correlation between the AUC and the daily dose of CsA (mg/kg/day) when the individual data or total series data were analyzed. In a chi-square test, the donor type of kidney (chi(2) = 25.254, df = 1, p = 0.0000) and renal function-related episodes, i.e. acute tubular necrosis, hemodialysis, hypertension, nephrotoxicity, or rejection (chi(2) = 13.982, df = 1, p = 0.0002) directly affected posttransplant renal function assessed by creatinine clearance, while episodes of hepatic function as assessed by the glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activity level had no correlation with the posttransplant renal function evaluated according to creatinine clearance. In contrast, the renal function-related episodes significantly affected the AUC after renal transplantation (chi(2) = 4.934, df = 1, p = 0.0263), while hepatic function assessed by GPT did not. In a multivariate analysis, the creatinine clearance and obesity had significant positive correlations with the AUC, whereas the hematocrit had a significant negative correlation with the AUC. From these observations, we concluded that the dosage adjustment of CsA cannot be performed using the linear relationship between the daily oral dose and the AUC, and that renal function, obesity, and the CsA blood distribution properties affect the CsA pharmacokinetics after renal transplantation. Posttransplant renal function as well as obesity and CsA blood distribution properties are important factors to be considered when therapeutic monitoring is performed.
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PMID:Relationship between area under the concentration versus time curve of cyclosporin A, creatinine clearance, hematocrit value, and other clinical factors in Japanese renal transplant patients. 958 46

We report a 96-year-old Japanese man who developed a sudden onset of left hemiplegia and coma. He was found to have diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation since 1996 with occasional episodes of congestive heart failure. He was otherwise apparently well until July 5 of 1997 when he developed a sudden onset of unresponsiveness and convulsion involving his right hand and was admitted to our hospital. On admission, his BP was 210/120 mmHg, heart rate 76/min and irregular, BT 36.5 degrees C, and Cheyne-Stokes respiration. General medical examination was otherwise unremarkable. Neurologic examination revealed semicoma, conjugated deviation to the right, loss of oculocephalic response, left facial paresis of central type, flaccid left hemiplegia, and bilateral Babinski sign. Pertinent laboratory findings are as follows: BUN 47 mg/dl, creatinine 1.46 mg/dl, GPT 69 IU/l, LDH 1,142 IU/l, and CK 385 IU/l. A chest x-ray film revealed cardiac enlargement and EKG showed left ventricular hypertrophy and atrial fibrillation. Cranial CT scan revealed low density areas involving the right anterior cerebral and the right posterior cerebral artery territories. He was treated with an intravenous osmotic agent and short course of intramuscular steroid. He remained unconscious despite these treatment and developed sudden cardiopulmonary arrest three weeks after the admission. The patient was discussed in a neurological CPC and the chief discussant arrived at the conclusion that the patient had suffered from cerebral embolism of cardiac origin. The cause of the death was ascribed to acute subendocardial myocardial infarction. Most of the participants agreed with this conclusion. Postmortem examination revealed an old subendocardial myocardial infarction involving the posterior septal region and posterolateral wall of the left ventricle. Neuropathologic examination revealed hemorrhagic infarctions involving the territories of the right anterior cerebral, right middle cerebral, right posterior cerebral, and left anterior cerebral arteries. The left A1 portion of the anterior cerebral artery was hypoplastic, and the left pericallosal artery appeared to have been receiving blood supply from the right anterior cerebral artery through the anterior communicating artery. The large arteries in the base showed marked arteriosclerosis; particularly, the initial portion of the right posterior artery showed near complete arteriosclerotic occlusions. These characteristic arterial changes appeared to be the reason why this patient suffered from an extensive infarction from what appeared to have been a single episode of cerebral embolism probably initially involving the right internal carotid artery.
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PMID:[A 96-year-old man with consciousness disturbance, convulsion, and left hemiplegia of acute onset]. 1006 67

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