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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sixty patients with a first acute myocardial infarction and no current treatment with cardioactive drugs were included in a prospective study of the relationship between serum potassium concentration and the early occurrence of ventricular tachycardia and premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). Serum potassium level (range 2.5 to 5 mmol/liter) was estimated 3.8 +/- 2.5 hr (mean +/- SD) after the onset of the infarction, and Holter monitoring was performed during the subsequent 12 hr. In multivariate analysis, serum potassium level was negatively and age positively related to ventricular tachycardia. Among the subclasses of PVCs (frequent unifocal, multifocal, couplets, bigeminy), serum potassium concentration was negatively related to the frequent unifocal subclass; hypertension was related to couplets and to the presence of any of the subclasses, and serum aspartate aminotransferase concentration was related to multifocal PVCs. Heart failure leading to death was related to all subclasses of PVC. Serum potassium concentration is an independent inverse predictor of the occurrence of ventricular tachycardia and frequent unifocal PVCs early in acute myocardial infarction.
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PMID:Serum potassium concentration as a risk factor of ventricular arrhythmias early in acute myocardial infarction. 397 35

A total of 113 subjects participated in a detailed nutritional and health surveys shortly before their retirement from work. Data were collected using: 7-day weighed dietary intakes; interview questionnaires including topics such as smoking, activity, stress-related factors, health history of subject and family, detailed consumption of alcohol; frequency of consumption of specific foods and drinks. Health screening included routine biochemical and haematological analyses and assessment of nutritional status. Mean nutrient intakes met the United Kingdom RDA although ranges were wide. Mean energy intakes for women (1730 kcal +/- 400 s.d.) were below the RDA of 1900 kcal; men met the RDA of 2400 kcal. Energy consumption was highest in the third period of the day (after 14.30 hours). The distribution of energy from protein, fat, carbohydrate and alcohol was 16, 42, 39 and 3 per cent respectively. The main food sources of nutrients are reported. A mean Quetelet index of 24.7 +/- 3.4 was found in women and 25.7 +/- 3.2 in men. Blood analysis indicated that a small proportion of the sample were outside expected ranges; this was most marked for aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma glutamyltransferase (gamma GT) where skewed distributions distorted the standard deviations. Prescribed medication was taken by 50 per cent of the sample; 33 per cent of the sample were cigarette smokers, 40 per cent had given up smoking, 27 per cent had never smoked cigarettes. Duplicate resting blood pressure readings showed a prevalence of hypertension. The data indicate areas of concern which should be dealt with at or before this stage of retirement from work.
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PMID:Nutrition and health at retirement age in the United Kingdom. 407 69

One hundred and forty-one randomly selected surgical patients, aged 35 years or over, were studied preoperatively, followed through their operative procedures, and reassessed during the first post-operative week for evidence of myocardial ischaemia associated with surgical operations under general anaesthesia. Of these patients 38% were found to have preoperative clinical evidence of heart disease, hypertension, or diabetes; 45% had abnormal preoperative E.C.G. patterns.Three patients experienced myocardial infarction during or within 36 hours of operation, all of the occult type; all were in the preoperative abnormal groups. Non-specific postoperative E.C.G. changes were equally common in the groups of patients with normal or abnormal preoperative electrocardiograms.A relationship existed between a rise in serum lactic dehydrogenase (L.D.H.) concentration and the field of the operation, but the diagnosis of infarction was not confused provided serum L.D.H. isoenzyme patterns and a rise in serum aspartate aminotransferase (S.G.O.T.) levels were consistent with the diagnosis.
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PMID:Myocardial infarction following surgical operations. 572 23

We examined sera from 159 patients with ischemic heart disease and hypertension and from 50 apparently healthy control subjects for content of trace elements, cholesterol, triglyceride, and enzymes. Concentrations of copper, cobalt, cholesterol, and triglyceride were increased in all patients, but calcium was decreased in patients with hypertension, acute myocardial ischemia, and acute myocardial infarction. Also accompanying acute myocardial infarction were decreased concentrations of zinc and iron but increases in nickel, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase. Magnesium concentration was lower in patients with acute myocardial ischemia. In acute myocardial infarction, the concentrations of copper, zinc, and iron were higher after 21-30 h (as compared with the values at 0-10 h), by which time concentrations of calcium, magnesium, cobalt, and alanine aminotransferase had decreased. The variation in concentration of trace elements in serum from cases of ischemic heart disease and hypertension corresponds to the severity of the disorder.
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PMID:Trace elements in serum from Pakistani patients with acute and chronic ischemic heart disease and hypertension. 671 25

To provide a contemporary profile of blood pressure and nutritional and sociodemographic relationships in the adult US population, data from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES -I), 1971-1975, were analyzed. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures increased with increasing age, but trends were different by sex and race groups. Body mass index (weight/ height2 ) was the nutritional factor most strongly and consistently related to blood pressure. Among dietary constituents, alcohol consumption and calcium and phosphorus intake were the only variables having consistent and independent relationships to blood pressure. Sodium content of food and salt use had no relationship, and sodium/potassium food content had only an inconsistent association. Regarding serum nutritional measures, serum calcium was directly related and serum phosphorus was inversely related to blood pressure. Serum urate, serum aspartate aminotransferase, and hemoglobin were also independently related to systolic and diastolic blood pressures. There were few important differences by race or sex in these correlates. These observations from a representative sample of the US population have useful implications for prevention and treatment of high blood pressure.
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PMID:Blood pressure and nutrition in adults. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. 674 19

In order to examine the mechanism by which the oral carbonaceous adsorbent, AST-120 delays the appearance of glomerular sclerosis, experiments were carried out in 120 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 285-320 g. The rats were first subjected to 2/3, 3/4, and 4/5 nephrectomy (n = 40). The experiments were begun at 2 weeks after the surgery, and were performed over an 8-week period. Half of each group (n = 20) was administered 1 g/day of liquid AST-120, and the other half received liquid vehicle solution with pair feeding in each group. In the 2/3 nephrectomized group the administration of AST-120 delayed the occurrence of glomerular hypertrophy and prevented the appearance of glomerular sclerosis without any significant differences in renal function, systemic blood pressure (SBP), and urinary protein excretion (U-P). In the 3/4 nephrectomized group the administration of AST-120 delayed the appearance of glomerular hypertrophy and sclerosis with significant decreases in SBP and U-P. In the 4/5 nephrectomized group the administration of AST-120 delayed the appearance of glomerular sclerosis and prevented a decrease in renal function. It is concluded that administration of the oral adsorbent AST-120 delays the occurrence of glomerular sclerosis by delaying the appearance of glomerular hypertrophy, systemic hypertension, and the increase in proteinuria. It can be therefore mentioned that the accumulating substances in the digestive tract worsen the abnormal milieu of chronic renal failure.
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PMID:Correction by oral adsorbent of abnormal digestive tract milieu in rats with chronic renal failure. 756 81

Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is an acute disease caused by Hantavirus and clinically characterised by abrupt onset of fever, various haemorrhagic manifestations and transient renal and hepatic dysfunction. We retrospectively reviewed 63 cases of HFRS in children from 13 different hospitals in Korea who presented over a 15-year period. The age of the patients ranged from 7 to 15 years, with a male to female ratio of 8 to 1. Fifty-four (86%) patients were 10 years or older. On admission, 24 (38%) were in the febrile phase and 35 (56%) were in the oliguric phase. Fever (100%) abdominal pain (91%), headache (76%) and vomiting (73%) were the most common symptoms. Backache, subconjunctival haemorrhage and hypertension were also noted in about one-third of patients. Hypotension was documented in only 7 (11%) patients. Leucocytosis (> 10,000/mm3) and thrombocytopenia (< 150,000/mm3) were noted in more than two-thirds of patients. Elevated blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine was observed in 94% by the 7th (median) day of illness. Elevated aspartate aminotransferase and/or alanine aminotransferase were found in more than two-thirds of patients. Renal biopsy was performed in 12 patients and revealed various stages of acute tubular necrosis with occasional interstitial cell infiltration and oedema. Only 2 showed evidence of interstitial haemorrhage. Eleven patients required 1-3 days of dialysis and the remaining patients required only conservative management. Three (5%) patients died of shock, respiratory failure and pulmonary haemorrhage. All other patients recovered without sequelae. Although childhood cases were much less common than adults, clinical and laboratory findings were in general similar between children and adults.
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PMID:Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Korean children. Korean Society of Pediatric Nephrology. 781 97

A case of hepatotoxicity in a multiparous Native woman, who was begun on a regimen of methyldopa for control of chronic hypertension, is described. The patient was first seen for clinical evidence of hepatotoxicity approximately 3 weeks after initiation of treatment. At presentation the aspartate aminotransferase level was 1800 IU/L and alanine amniotransferase was 2415 IU/L. There was also a significant prolongation of clotting time, which required therapy. Resolution of symptoms occurred after cessation of the medication. Although methyldopa is considered to have a wide margin of safety in the treatment of chronic hypertension in pregnancy, potentially serious adverse effects can occur. It is important to monitor serum aminotransferase levels after initiation of methyldopa therapy.
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PMID:Methyldopa hepatotoxicity in pregnancy: a case report. 784 44

Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) is a key determinant of the fibrinolytic capacity. Its activity correlates with most of the characteristic features of insulin resistance syndrome, i.e. obesity, high blood pressure and hyperlipidemia. We measured plasma PAI-1 antigen levels in 131 asymptomatic men (aged 44.2 +/- 11 years) who had been referred for hyperlipidemia. Those taking medication and those with a secondary hyperlipidemia were excluded. We confirmed the correlation between PAI-1 levels and the following variables: body mass index, blood pressure, triglyceride concentration, and blood glucose and insulin levels before and after an oral glucose tolerance test. We also found a significant and independent correlation between PAI-1 and the concentration of the hepatic enzymes glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Mild liver abnormalities (presumably steatosis) may thus be one of the factors accounting for high plasma PAI-1 levels in hyperlipidemic patients.
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PMID:Relation between plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and hepatic enzyme concentrations in hyperlipidemic patients. 785 96

The coexistence of hypercholesterolemia and hypertension often requires concomitant drug treatments. Thus, it is interesting to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the new lipid-lowering agent fluvastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA)-reductase inhibitor, in patients receiving concomitant antihypertensive/cardiovascular drug treatments. A retrospective analysis was based on data from controlled clinical trials in which 1815 patients were treated with fluvastatin and 783 patients received placebo. The daily dose of fluvastatin was > or = 20 mg. At least one of the following drug treatments was taken by 445 of the fluvastatin-treated patients (24.5%) and 181 of those receiving placebo (23.1%): beta-adrenergic-receptor blockers (fluvastatin: n = 182; placebo: n = 84); diuretics (fluvastatin: n = 168; placebo: n = 72); calcium antagonists (fluvastatin: n = 161; placebo: n = 69); and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (fluvastatin: n = 101; placebo: n = 30). The majority of patients received monotherapy with one of the above-mentioned antihypertensive agents (fluvastatin: 69%; placebo: 65%). The efficacy of fluvastatin in modifying low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and triglyceride levels was not consistently different in patients taking a given antihypertensive compared with the overall group and the patients not taking the antihypertensive agent. In patients taking fluvastatin and antihypertensives, confirmed (measured at two consecutive occasions) increases more than three times the upper limit of normal in aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) occurred in only two patients. One case involved the concomitant use of a beta-blocker (ASAT and ALAT) and the other a diuretic (ALAT).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Safety and tolerability of fluvastatin with concomitant use of antihypertensive agents. An analysis of a clinical trial database. 790 74


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