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 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The association between obesity, other cardiovascular risk factors, and cognitive function in a Canadian First Nations population was investigated using a cross-sectional design. Eligible individuals were aged >/=18 years, without a history of stroke, nonpregnant, with First Nations status, and who had undergone cognitive function assessment by the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) and Trail Making Test Parts A and B. Parts A and B were combined into an Executive Function Score (TMT-exec). Hypertension, a previous history of cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and the presence and duration of diabetes were examined in addition to obesity. In the case of TMT-exec only, obese individuals were at an approximately fourfold increased risk for lowered cognitive performance compared to those who were not obese in multivariable models (odds ratio (OR): 3.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.46-9.72) whereas there was no effect for overweight individuals compared to those with a normal weight in unadjusted analysis. Those having an increased waist circumference also had 5 times the risk compared to those without an increased waist circumference (OR: 5.41, 95% CI: 1.83-15.99). Adjusted for age, sex, and insulin resistance, individuals having the metabolic syndrome were at an approximately fourfold increased risk compared to those without the metabolic syndrome (OR: 3.67, 95% CI: 1.34-10.07). No other cardiovascular risk factors were associated. Obesity and metabolic syndrome were associated with lowered cognitive performance. These results highlight the importance of studying the health effects of obesity beyond traditional disease endpoints, even in a relatively youthful population.
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PMID:Obesity and lowered cognitive performance in a Canadian First Nations population. 1947 88

Increased heart rate during graded exercise is related to increased sympathetic activity and withdrawal of vagal tone. Return of heart rate towards baseline immediately after exercise is usually due to resurgence of vagal tone. As it is an established fact that cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in part has direct relation with parasympathetic dysfunction, it is natural that reduced heart rate recovery (HRR) after exercise, a parameter of parasympathetic dysfunction, could be a predictor of morbidity and mortality. Accordingly 390 TMT positive patients were analysed for HRR as per standard guidelines and followed up for 5 years. While 244(62.6%) showed a normal HRR, 146(37.4%) showed an abnormal HRR. Abnormal HRR was more common in the elderly, in patients with higher resting heart rate, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, current smoking and prior established coronary artery disease (CAD). There were a total of 36 deaths (9.23%) during the 5 year follow-up period. There was mortality advantage in patients who were subjected to revascularization procedure in general (7.5% deaths in revascularised arm vs 10.4% in conservative arm). Analysis reveals persistence of such benefit in patients having normal HRR (2.85% deaths in revascularised arm vs 7.25% in conservative arm). However, mortality benefit was not observed among both groups of patients with abnormal HRR(16.6% deaths in revascularised vs 15.2% in conservatively managed7rpar;. Secondary end points like recurrent angina, arrhythmia, acute myocardial infarction, hospitalization for cardiovascular cause and heart failure were observed in significantly more number of cases with abnormal HRR in comparison to normal. We therefore conclude the abnormal HRR after TMT is an adverse prognostic indicator in patients with symptomatic CAD on long term follow-up.
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PMID:Heart rate recovery as a predictor of mortality with or without revascularization. 1972 94

The incidence of brain metastases (BM) has increased due to the improvement of therapeutics and diagnostic imaging, but also to an aging population. The initial symptoms may develop suddenly or insidiously over weeks or months. The symptoms depend on the location of the BM and related complications (hydrocephalus, tumor hemorrhage, cerebral herniation). Headaches are the most frequent symptoms (50%); they are related to intracranial hypertension. Cognitive deficits are commonly described at diagnosis (67 to 90.5%). Cognitive assessment is essential because of its impact on patients' prognosis and quality of life. Nevertheless, these deficits remain underestimated. The Karnofsky Perfomance Scale and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) seem inadequate. A short battery was proposed and internationally validated, assessing seven domains: attention (Digit Symbol Test WAIS-III), episodic memory (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test [HVLT]), working memory (Digit Span Test WAIS-III), verbal fluency (Controlled Oral Word Association Test [COWA]), fine motor dexterity (Grooved Pegboard Test), information processing speed (Trail Making Test [TMT] A) and executive functions (TMT B). This battery is relevant, feasible and associated with a good compliance. These cognitive tests are currently recommended to assess cognitive functions in patients with BM.
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PMID:[Brain metastasis: clinical and cognitive assessments]. 2333 44

Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a complex disorder that predisposes an individual to Cardiovascular Diseases and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Proteomics and bioinformatics have proven to be an effective tool to study complex diseases and mechanisms of action of nutrients. We previously showed that substitution of the majority of carbohydrate in a high fat diet by purple potatoes (PP) or purple carrots (PC) improved insulin sensitivity and hypertension in an animal model of MetS (obese Zucker rats) compared to a control sucrose-rich diet. In the current study, we used TMT 10plex mass tag combined with LC-MS/MS technique to study proteomic modulation in the liver (n = 3 samples/diet) and adipose tissue (n = 3 samples/diet) of high fat diet-fed rats with or without substituting sucrose for purple vegetables, followed by functional enrichment analysis, in an attempt to elucidate potential molecular mechanisms responsible for the phenotypic changes seen with purple vegetable feeding. Protein folding, lipid metabolism and cholesterol efflux were identified as the main modulated biological themes in adipose tissue, whereas lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and oxidative stress were the main modulated themes in liver. We propose that enhanced protein folding, increased cholesterol efflux and higher free fatty acid (FFA) re-esterification are mechanisms by which PP and PC positively modulate MetS pathologies in adipose tissue, whereas, decreased de novo lipogenesis, oxidative stress and FFA uptake, are responsible for the beneficial effects in liver. In conclusion, we provide molecular evidence for the reported metabolic health benefits of purple carrots and potatoes and validate that these vegetables are good choices to replace other simple carbohydrate sources for better metabolic health.
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PMID:Proteomic Profiles of Adipose and Liver Tissues from an Animal Model of Metabolic Syndrome Fed Purple Vegetables. 2964 14

Background: Cognitive reserve is a way of explaining why some individuals with a high degree of brain pathology are without clinical manifestations. In this study, factors related to systemic diseases, body composition, aerobic capacity, past and current behavior were examined and included as predictors of cognitive function. Materials and Methods: 407 subjects (60-88 years old) underwent physical examination and cognitive function assessment [Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Trail Making Test Part B (TMT B)]. Predictors of cognitive functioning were evaluated: occupational status (OS), diet, mental and touristic activities were assessed using an ad hoc questionnaire. Aerobic capacity was measured using a six-minute walk test (6MWT). Results: With each year of age there is a decrease in MMSE score by 0.18 points. Varicose veins on lower extremities and low OS were also significantly associated with MMSE result. For every year of having hypertension, low OS and not being abroad in the last 3 years, there was 0.17, 0.30, and 0.16 less points, respectively, and 0.15 more point per one additional meter walked in 6MWT in the MoCA score. With each year of age and for low OS there was there were 0.31 and 0.21 s more to complete TMT B, respectively. Conclusion: Education, OS, presence of systemic diseases and social and tourist activities, aerobic capacity and body composition could be considered as factors contributing to cognitive functioning in older people. However, the relationship of above mentioned factors with education level and cognitive function may be not fully orthogonal.
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PMID:Cognitive Functioning in Older People. Results of the First Wave of Cognition of Older People, Education, Recreational Activities, Nutrition, Comorbidities, Functional Capacity Studies (COPERNICUS). 3062 69