Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Treatment of mild to moderate hypertension does not result in any obvious reduction in the frequency of coronary heart disease (CDH) whereas the frequency of cerebrovascular disease is reduced. Platelet activation assumes a central role in the development of arteriosclerosis which is presumed to be the basis of coronary heart disease. Platelet activation may occur at sites of damaged endothelium (eg in the arteriosclerotic plaque) and by means of influencing specific thrombocyte receptors. The receptors may also be activated in vitro, which may be utilized experimentally. By means of stratification of material from the literature, it appears possible that patients with high mean arterial blood pressures (MAP) (over approximately 120 mmHg) have an increased tendency to platelet aggregation for ADP and adrenalin. This hyper-aggregability appears to be related to the blood pressure as it is normalized when MAP is reduced by treatment to values around 120 mmHg. If MAP is under 120 mmHg already, no further decrease in the tendency to platelet aggregation occurs. Some investigations suggest an effect on ischaemic heart disease on treatment of the most hypersensitive patients. The observations quoted in the present article are in agreement with the theory that thrombocyte aggregation may be of significance for development of CDH.
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PMID:[Platelet function, hypertension and ischemic heart disease]. 267 54

Experimental comparison of the lungs of 7 sheep foetuses with surgically induced CDH and 7 controls permitted an assessment to be made of the changes that take place in lung growth, generally described as hypoplasia, through a study of their morphology and histology, and the lung: lamb weight ratio. Changes increased in gravity in function of the duration of hernia. They included: reduced alveolar expansion, fewer generations of bronchi and alveoli, and septal thickening. An increase in the smooth muscle component of 5th-6th generation arteries (i.e. resistance) may offer an explanation of the hypertension characteristic of CDH, and the non-reactivity of these vessels in response to vasodilators. It is also suggested that damage to the mesenchyma can be regarded as the sole cause of the changes in lung growth observed in CDH. Early treatment before these changes become irreversible is thus advisable.
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PMID:[Experimental intrauterine surgery. Morphological study of lung development in the sheep fetus with congenital diaphragmatic hernia]. 665 19

Binding of NO to heavy metal-containing proteins probably accounts for many of its physiologic actions. NO inhalation is a promising new treatment for various disorders of neonates. The therapy is most likely to benefit premature neonates who are hypoxemic despite breathing pure oxygen and those who suffer from impaired carbon dioxide elimination. Newborn infants who have congenital heart disease may benefit from inhaled NO therapy if their disease involves some form of pulmonary venous hypertension or if they have recently undergone surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass grafting. The use of NO in infants with PPHN might obviate the need for ECMO or other invasive treatment methods. Neonates with CDH seem likely to benefit marginally from NO therapy. Minimizing the toxicities of NO inhalation therapy requires that the physicians understand the nuances of infant care. The therapeutic value of increasing carbon dioxide elimination with NO inhalation warrants further investigation.
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PMID:Nitric oxide inhalation therapy for newborn infants. 978 16

Joint effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) and extreme natural conditions of the Far North on the clinical course of coronary heart disease (CHD) remains poorly known. Specific features of DM2 concomitant with CHD were studied in 243 of the 8573 subjects living in Far North areas of the Tyumen region and examined by coronarography (mean age 53.4 +/- 0.4 years). The control group comprised 139 patients (56.9 +/- 0.58 years) with CHD and DM2 living in the south of Tyumen region. Clinical and ECG observations were supplemented by measurement of total cholesterol and selective coronarography. Patients of the study group were younger (p < 0.001), more frequently consumed tobacco (p < 0.001) and alcohol (p = 0.001) and had obesity (p = 0.008). Most patients in both groups had a history of myocardial infarction, suffered functional class II or higher angina and circulatory insufficiency (according to NYHA), high cholesterolemia, and arterial hypertension further deteriorating effects of CHD and DM2. However, the two groups were not significantly different in terms of these characteristics. It is concluded that combination of CDH and DM2 has unfavourable effect in patients living in the Far North although severity of clinical and functional manifestations of CDH in DM2 patients is not significantly different between residents of northern and southern areas of Tyumen region.
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PMID:[Clinical features of coronary heart disease with concomitant diabetes mellitus at high latitudes]. 1988 76

Changes in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in pulmonary vessels have been described in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and may contribute to the development of pulmonary hypoplasia and hypertension; however, how the expression of VEGF receptors changes during fetal lung development in CDH is not understood. The aim of this study was to compare morphological evolution with expression of VEGF receptors, VEGFR1 (Flt-1) and VEGFR2 (Flk-1), in pseudoglandular, canalicular, and saccular stages of lung development in normal rat fetuses and in fetuses with CDH. Pregnant rats were divided into four groups (n=20 fetuses each) of four different gestational days (GD) 18.5, 19.5, 20.5, 21.5: external control (EC), exposed to olive oil (OO), exposed to 100 mg nitrofen, by gavage, without CDH (N-), and exposed to nitrofen with CDH (CDH) on GD 9.5 (term=22 days). The morphological variables studied were: body weight (BW), total lung weight (TLW), left lung weight, TLW/BW ratio, total lung volume, and left lung volume. The histometric variables studied were: left lung parenchymal area density and left lung parenchymal volume. VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 expression were determined by Western blotting. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance with the Tukey-Kramer post hoc test. CDH frequency was 37% (80/216). All the morphological and histometric variables were reduced in the N- and CDH groups compared with the controls, and reductions were more pronounced in the CDH group (P<0.05) and more evident on GD 20.5 and GD 21.5. Similar results were observed for VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 expression. We conclude that N- and CDH fetuses showed primary pulmonary hypoplasia, with a decrease in VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 expression.
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PMID:VEGF receptor expression decreases during lung development in congenital diaphragmatic hernia induced by nitrofen. 2451 34