Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Systemic cortisol plays an important role in the metabolism of glucose, lipids and proteins, as well as in the regulation of electrolyte balance. It is well known that the development of the microvascular disease of various organs such as the heart and kidney, in patients with diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and hypertension of which disorders are frequently associated with Cushing's syndrome. Thus, we should treat Cushing's syndrome as soon as possible, since many complications, including cardiovascular diseases and infections, will soon occur when the definite diagnosis is delayed. Adrenalectomy is essential for treatment for Cushing's syndrome even in the patients with pituitary or ectopic ACTH-producing tumor. Some case can not be treated with surgical procedures because of worsened conditions with several complications of infection and diabetes. Then we choose medical treatment. Medical adrenalectomy is achieved by using with mitotane which is usually used for adrenocortical cancer. We commonly treat the patients with Cushing's syndrome due to adrenal tumor and pituitary or ectopic ACTH producing tumor by using metyrapone which mainly inhibits 11-hydroxylase. Metyrapone is also recommended to treat the patients who are not well differentiated Cushing's disease from ectopic ACTH syndrome. We rarely use trilostane which is an inhibitor against 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD). Replacement therapy with hydrocortisone should be considered if adrenal failure will occur during treatment with those drugs.
 ...
PMID:[Medical treatment for Cushing's syndrome]. 1818 63

Spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats, extensively used as experimental models of essential human hypertension, display important alterations in the neuroendocrine reproductive axis, which manifest as markedly delayed puberty onset in females but whose basis remains largely unknown. We analyze herein in female SH rats: 1) possible alterations in the expression and function of KiSS-1/GPR54 and GnRH/GnRH-receptor systems, 2) the integrity of feedback mechanisms governing the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, and 3) the control of ovarian function by gonadotropins. Our data demonstrate that, despite overtly delayed puberty, no significant decrease in hypothalamic KiSS-1, GPR54, or GnRH mRNA levels was detected in this strain. Likewise, in vivo gonadotropin responses to ovariectomy and systemic kisspeptin-10 or GnRH administration, as well as in vitro gonadotropin responses to GnRH, were fully preserved in SH rats. Moreover, circulating LH levels were grossly conserved during prepubertal maturation, whereas FSH levels were even enhanced from d 20 postpartum onwards. In striking contrast, ovarian weight and hormone (progesterone and testosterone) responses to human chorionic gonadotropin (CG) in vitro were profoundly decreased in SH rats, with impaired follicular development and delayed ovulation at puberty. Such reduced hormonal responses to human CG could not be attributed to changes in LH/CG or FSH-receptor mRNA expression but might be linked to blunted P450scc, 3beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase, and aromatase mRNA levels in ovaries from SH rats. In conclusion, our results indicate that the expression and function of KiSS-1/GPR54 and GnRH/GnRH-receptor systems is normal in SH rats, whereas ovarian development, steroidogenesis, and responsiveness to gonadotropins are strongly compromised.
 ...
PMID:Delayed puberty in spontaneously hypertensive rats involves a primary ovarian failure independent of the hypothalamic KiSS-1/GPR54/GnRH system. 1922 90

Malfunction of the circadian clock has been linked to the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. We show that mice lacking the core clock components Cryptochrome-1 (Cry1) and Cryptochrome-2 (Cry2) (Cry-null mice) show salt-sensitive hypertension due to abnormally high synthesis of the mineralocorticoid aldosterone by the adrenal gland. An extensive search for the underlying cause led us to identify type VI 3beta-hydroxyl-steroid dehydrogenase (Hsd3b6) as a new hypertension risk factor in mice. Hsd3b6 is expressed exclusively in aldosterone-producing cells and is under transcriptional control of the circadian clock. In Cry-null mice, Hsd3b6 messenger RNA and protein levels are constitutively high, leading to a marked increase in 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-isomerase (3beta-HSD) enzymatic activity and, as a consequence, enhanced aldosterone production. These data place Hsd3b6 in a pivotal position through which circadian clock malfunction is coupled to the development of hypertension. Translation of these findings to humans will require clinical examination of human HSD3B1 gene, which we found to be functionally similar to mouse Hsd3b6.
 ...
PMID:Salt-sensitive hypertension in circadian clock-deficient Cry-null mice involves dysregulated adrenal Hsd3b6. 2005 18

Ectopic cortisol-producing adrenocortical adenomas (CPA) are extremely rare, and only four cases have previously been reported so far but the tumors were not ultrastructurally studied. Presented in this paper is the fifth case with ectopic CPA which was extensively examined to gain deeper insights in terms of the histopathological features and steroidogenic enzyme profile of the tumor. A 53-year-old woman complained of accidental discovery of left renal mass. She had a 5-year history of hypertension, weight gain, moon face, thin skin and systemic edema. These symptoms completely relieved after the tumor removal. Two years later, the above symptoms recurred, and a recurrent tumor was revealed in left renal hilum. The tumor was removed completely with relief of her symptoms of Cushing's syndrome. Histologically and ultrastructurally, the tumor was composed of compact cells and clear cells, and the former was prominent, suggesting an active secretory function of the tumor. The adenoma tissue showed a strong immunostaining for Melan-A, 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B2) and 17alpha-hydroxylase1 (CYP17A1). Expression pattern for 11beta-hydroxylase 1 (CYP11B1), 11beta-hydroxylase 2 (CYP11B2), CYP17 and HSD3B2 mRNA in ectopic CPA was similar to that in the adrenal CPA. In conclusion, in terms of histopathological characteristic and steroidogenic enzyme profile, ectopic CPA is similar to adrenal CPA, suggesting that they are of identical cell origin.
...
PMID:Ectopic cortisol-producing adrenocortical adenoma in the renal hilum: histopathological features and steroidogenic enzyme profile. 2512 Aug 27


<< Previous 1 2