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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Report of a 10-year-old boy with congenital hypoplasia of the intrahepatic bile ducts, the socalled MacMahon-Thannhauser-Syndrome. The patient had been suffering from a varying degree of jaundice since his 2nd day of life and from pruritus since his 21st month of life. Furthermore, he had hepatomegaly, a systolic cardiac murmur, hypogenitalism, retarded growth, and finally hypertension. Transitory xanthomas existed between 1 3/4 and 2 3/4 years of age. Signs of persistent intrahepatic cholestasis was manifested by increased levels of bilirubin and bile acids in serum as well as raised activities of leucine aminopeptidase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase. Pathological values of serum glutamic dehydrogenase pointed to a persistent destruction of liver cells. Without treatment, the activities of vitamin K dependent clotting factors were decreased. Cholesterol, phosphatides and triglycerides in serum were increased and lipoprotein-X was detectable. Aortography revealed stenosis of both renal arteries. An exploratory laparotomy and 5 liver biopsies led to the diagnosis of hypoplasia of the intrahepatic bile ducts. Therapeutic trials with steroids and the anion exchange resin "cholestyramine" were ineffective. Phenobarbital relieved the pruritus. Parenteral administration of fat soluble vitamins restored the activity of vitamin K dependent clotting factors to normal. The high blood pressure fell significantly due to treatment with adelphan. The etiology of hypoplasia of the intrahepatic bile ducts is unknown. It may be a malformation or an obliteration secondary to inflammation. In our patient, narrowing of the renal arteries, increase of plasma-renin activity and hypertension were probably secondary to hyperlipidemia. It has been suggested that hyperlipemia secondary to cholestasis may be due to a disturbance of lipoprotein metabolism. A review of reports on 118 patients suffering from intrahepatic bile ducts hypoplasia is included.
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PMID:[Hypertension and bilateral stenosis of the renal artery associated with congenital hypoplasia of the intrahepatic bile ducts (author's transl)]. 124 84

The relation between alcohol consumption and blood pressure is well recognized, and advice to reduce alcohol plays an important part in the management of hypertensive patients. We have evaluated the effectiveness of this advice in a randomized, controlled, single-blind clinical study. After a 2-week run-in period, hypertensive men regularly consuming more than 20 units/wk (1 unit = 10 g) of alcohol were randomly assigned either to the "advice" or control group and were seen at 2-week intervals over an 8-week study period. The outcome measures were: reported alcohol consumption (1-week retrospective diary), markers of alcohol consumption (serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, aspartate aminotransferase, uric acid, mean corpuscular volume), and blood pressure (sitting and standing). Over 18 months, 67 men who drank more than 20 units/wk of alcohol were seen. Twenty-six either were excluded, refused to participate, or dropped out due to nonattendance. Forty-one patients completed the study. After intervention, reported alcohol consumption fell from 60 units/wk to around 30 units/wk in the advice group, whereas it remained between 50 and 60 units/wk in the control group (analysis of variance [ANOVA] F = 7.1, p less than 0.05). This was accompanied by falls in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (20.9%) and aspartate aminotransferase (18.1%), but no significant changes were seen in the control group. Standing diastolic blood pressure fell significantly in the advice group (from 101.5 mm Hg to 96.3 mm Hg) compared with the control group (ANOVA F = 4.8, p less than 0.05). The results suggest that advice to reduce alcohol consumption is a useful form of treatment for hypertensive patients who drink excessively.
Hypertension 1992 Jan
PMID:Effectiveness of advice to reduce alcohol consumption in hypertensive patients. 134 21

Predictors of the development of hypertension were examined in a 10-year follow-up study of normotensive Japanese adults. Subjects (n = 265), aged 30-69 years at entry, normotensive and with no past history of antihypertensive treatment at entry, were studied in terms of the relationship of various physical, biochemical, dietary, and lifestyle data to the subsequent development of hypertension (defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) more than 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) more than 90 mmHg and/or starting antihypertensive treatment) with analysis accomplished using univariate and multivariate life table methods. Univariate analyses by the generalized Wilcoxon test showed significantly higher incidence of hypertension in those subjects with SBP 120 mmHg or more (p < 0.001), DBP 75 mmHg or more (p < 0.001), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) 20 KU or more (p < 0.001), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) 15 KU or more (p < 0.001), serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) 10 IU/l or more (p < 0.001), age 50 or older (p = 0.002), body mass index 22 kg/m2 or more (p = 0.012), and serum creatinine less than 1.2 mg/dl (p = 0.020) than in the other subjects. Multivariate analysis by the Cox proportional hazards model confirmed that relatively higher SBP (p < 0.001), lower serum creatinine (p < 0.001), higher gamma-GTP (p = 0.002), and higher age (p = 0.041) were independent and significant predictors of future hypertension.
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PMID:[Predictors of the development of hypertension: ten-year follow-up study in a community]. 139 30

The influence of the level of serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, a biological marker of alcohol consumption, on elevations of blood pressure and on the development of hypertension related to increases in alcohol consumption was determined in a cross-sectional study of 1,492 middle-aged male workers and in a subsequent 5-year follow-up study of 1,393 workers. Blood pressure levels, as well as the prevalence and incidence of hypertension, were higher in the subjects with serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels above 50 units/l than in those with normal levels. These differences were more marked in drinkers who consumed 30 ml or more of alcohol per day. Thus, elevated serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity may identify drinkers at higher risk for the development of alcohol-related hypertension.
Hypertension 1991 Dec
PMID:Alcohol, high blood pressure, and serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase level. 168 58

In this study we investigated the effect of two molybdenum (Mo) doses (40 and 80 mg/kg/d) on renal function. Neither dose of Mo was able to induce significant hypertension in treated animals. Subchronic exposure to high doses of Mo resulted in a delay in body weight gain associated with mild renal failure marked by a decrease in glomerular filtration. An increase in diuresis and urinary kallikrein excretion associated with unchanged glycosuria and proximal tubular enzymuria (alanine aminopeptidase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) evoked a preferential mild effect at the distal tubule.
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PMID:Mild renal failure induced by subchronic exposure to molybdenum: urinary kallikrein excretion as a marker of distal tubular effect. 197 34

A variety of tubular marker proteins, as compared to healthy controls, are excreted at an increased rate in the urine of patients with renal damage. Beside cytoplasmic glutathione-S-transferase and lysosomal beta-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (beta-NAG) the majority of kidney-related urine proteins derives from membrane surface components of the most vulnerable proximal tubule epithelia, among them ala-(leu-gly)-aminopeptidase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), the tubular portion of angiotensinase A, the major brush border glycoprotein 'SGP-240' and adenosine-deaminase-binding protein. Urinary tissue proteins, e.g. brush border (BB) microvilli, are immunologically identical with those antigens prepared from cell membranes of the human kidney itself. BB antigens are shed into the urine of patients with glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, systemic diseases, e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), diabetes mellitus and multiple myeloma, arterial hypertension, infectious diseases (malaria, AIDS) and after operations, renal grafting and administration of X-ray contrast media, aminoglycosides or certain cytostatics (cis-platinum). Tissue proteinuria of tubular proteins is determined by enzyme-kinetic or quantitative immunological assays applying either poly- or monoclonal antikidney antibodies. Clinical, ultrastructural and histochemical studies support the idea that both 'soluble' and high-molecular-weight membrane particles (vacuolar blebs, greater than 10(6) dalton) as well as microfilamental components of the epithelial cytoskeleton contribute to tubular 'histuria' which appears as a sensitive parameter in monitoring tubular damage under clinical conditions at a very early phase.
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PMID:Urinary proteins of tubular origin: basic immunochemical and clinical aspects. 225 76

Excretion patterns of kidney related urinary proteins such as lysosomal beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (beta NAG), brush-border Ala-(Leu-Gly)-aminopeptidase (AAP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (AP) as well as of IgG, albumin, and alpha-1-microglobulin, were assessed in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (n = 53), pyelonephritis (n = 27), systemic lupus erythematodes (n = 5), and patients with essential arterial hypertension (n = 18). Excretion of tubular marker enzymes and serumproteins (related to urine creatinine concentration = protein creatinine index) in spontaneously voided second morning urine was significantly higher as compared to the controls (n = 2). Alpha-1-microglobulin was markedly elevated in both pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis indicating disturbance in tubulointerstitial handling of microglobulins also in cases with primary glomerulopathy. Rise of albumin, IgG, and alpha-1-microglobulin as well as of tubular kidney markers AAP, AP, GGT, and beta NAG in cases with arterial hypertension without preexisting nephropathy support the hypothesis of a defect in charge and size permselectivity in these patients which is probably due to an increase in glomerular capillary perfusion pressure and hyperfiltration.
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PMID:Kidney- and serum derived proteins in urine of patients suffering from renal diseases or arterial hypertension. 247 9

Groups of adult male rats (5 rats per group), either normotensive (WKY) or spontaneously hypertensive (SHR), were exposed by inhalation to 0, 821, and 3018 ppm styrene, 5 h per day for 3 consecutive days. After the exposure, the urines were collected for 24 h and the animals were then sacrificed. The various biochemical parameters of hepatorenal toxicity due to styrene as well as its urinary metabolites were measured. Hepatotoxicity due to styrene was not further increased at any exposure level due to hypertension. However, repeated exposure of SHR rats to 3018 ppm styrene showed significant increases in the urinary excretion of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, proteins, and volume of urine, compared to WKY treated rats, whereas no such changes were observed due to repeated exposure to 821 ppm styrene. Studies of in vivo metabolism of styrene at higher exposure level showed significant decrease in the urinary excretion of mandelic, phenylglyoxylic, and hippuric acids in SHR rats compared to WKY-treated rats, suggesting an inhibition of deactivation of styrene reactive intermediate involving the epoxide hydrase pathway due to hypertension. At the same time, a significant increase in the urinary excretion of a potential nephrotoxic metabolite of styrene (e.g., mercapturates or thioethers) was observed in SHR-treated rats when compared to WKY-treated rats. These results demonstrate that spontaneous hypertension has the potential to further increase the nephrotoxicity due to repeated exposure to styrene, and the metabolism of styrene plays an important role in modifying such toxicity in the hypertensive state.
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PMID:Metabolism and hepatorenal toxicity due to repeated exposure to styrene in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). 256 38

In a cross-sectional health screening 636 persons with negative urine glucose, a 75-g-oral glucose tolerance test was performed. We report the clinical features of the subjects with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus. In 96 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, the frequencies of alcohol dependency, fatty liver, and of increased levels of serum uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, total serum protein and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were significantly higher than in normal subjects. In 37 subjects with diabetes mellitus, the frequencies of fatty liver, hypertension and of increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, triglycerides and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were significantly higher than in normal subjects. In addition, significant increases in serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, triglycerides, serum total cholesterol and body mass index, and a significant decrease in high density lipoprotein cholesterol were also observed in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus. These results suggest that alcohol dependency, fatty liver, obesity and hyperlipidemia are important concomitants of impaired glucose tolerance.
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PMID:Study on background factors associated with impaired glucose tolerance and/or diabetes mellitus. 278 10

A pilot study to improve unhealthy life habits of thirty middle-aged male clerical workers (45 +/- 3.58 yr.) with mild health disorders such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus and fatty liver was carried out. Under prohibition of smoking and alcohol intake, they spent five nights and six days at a hot spring resort, taking part in planned health training programs which included aerobic training, hiking in forests, hot spring baths, cooking practice and lectures about healthy life, controlled by medical, dietary and physical training staffs. To evaluate the short-term effects of these activities, body weight, blood pressure, serum lipid (total cholesterol, high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, total free fatty acid and phospholipid), blood sugar, uric acid, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) were examined early in the morning of the second (before) and the fifth (after) days, and then their impressions of these recreation activities were monitored by questionnaires on the sixth day. By t-tests of all before-and-after data, it was shown that mean values of body weight, systolic blood pressure, high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid and gamma-GTP were improved, but fasting blood sugar, uric acid and GOT were not improved. In comparison of blood pressure levels, the hypertensive group (n = 9) showed lowering in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, though the normal group (n = 10) had slight elevation. In addition, in the hypercholesterolemic group (n = 11, greater than or equal to 220 mg/dl) mean total cholesterol values decreased, conversely in the hypocholesterolemic group (n = 6, less than 180 mg/dl) they increased. Moreover, the obese group (n = 15, obesity index greater than or equal to 120%) showed greater decreases of body weight, triglyceride and phospholipid than the non-obese group. From questionnaires, it was confirmed that through these recreation activities most participants found mental and spiritual satisfaction, in spite of heavy physical loads. The short-term recreation activities under a stressless environment seemed to maintain the function of homeostasis in the body, but further investigation is needed to examine the relation between the contents of diets and physical activities, and to follow the long-term effects on the participants.
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PMID:[A study on the physical effects of short-time recreation activities at a hot spring resort on unhealthy middle-aged workers]. 281 Aug 61


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