Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Xipamide is a diuretic derived from salicylic acid and has a structural resemblance to chlorthalidone. Its pharmacodynamic profile shows a diuretic efficacy is similar to that of frusemide (furosemide) at doses up to 40 mg, but the onset and duration of action are comparable to those of hydrochlorothiazide. Xipamide has been studied mostly in the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension, with few controlled studies of its use in oedematous states. The efficacy of xipamide 20 to 40 mg once daily in patients with mild to moderate hypertension is comparable to that of bendrofluazide 5 mg, bumetanide 1 mg or hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg when used alone in newly treated or previously treated patients. The addition of xipamide 20 to 40 mg daily to regimens containing beta-blockers, adrenergic neuron-blocking drugs and/or methyldopa has resulted in a further reduction in blood pressure. A few studies in oedematous states suggest that xipamide 40 to 80 mg is comparable in efficacy to equal doses of frusemide, and that the side effects of hypokalaemia, hyperuricaemia and increased blood glucose in diabetics or latent diabetics are similar to those of other diuretics. Thus, xipamide is a suitable alternative to other diuretics in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension and combines the efficacy of frusemide with a less abrupt action in the treatment of oedema.
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PMID:Xipamide. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy. 390 33

In patients with uncontrolled hypertension addition of xipamide 20 mg daily to bendrofluazide 5 mg daily produced no significant additive antihypertensive effect, and the 95% confidence limits excluded a clinically important response. Xipamide treatment worsened hypokalaemia and increased the blood urea concentration significantly.
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PMID:Xipamide: no advantage over bendrofluazide in hypertension. 648 2

Nine patients with hypertension were given xipamide 40 mg orally as monotherapy on alternate days. An additional seventeen patients had xipamide added to an existing treatment regime of clonidine 450 micrograms per day. Xipamide alone produced a significant fall in blood pressure comparable to that obtained with clonidine alone. However, a significant further reduction was obtained when xipamide was added to the existing clonidine regime.
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PMID:Clinical trial of xipamide in the treatment of hypertension. 698 14

1 The blood pressure lowering effect of xipamide, a non-thiazide diuretic given for 6 weeks was compared in a randomised cross-over trial with that of cyclopenthiazide in 14 patients with essential hypertension. 2 Xipamide 10 or 20 mg given once daily was as effective in lowering supine blood pressure as daily cyclopenthiazide 0.5 mg. There was no difference in the blood pressure lowering effect of 10 mg xipamide daily for 2 weeks compared to 20 mg daily given for a further 4 weeks. 3 Plasma potassium was reduced by both drugs, but markedly more after both 10 mg and 20 mg xipamide than after cyclopenthiazide 0.5 mg. By the sixth week of treatment 13 of 14 patients on xipamide but only 6 of 14 on cyclopenthiazide has plasma potassium concentrations of, or less than, 3.5 mmol/l. The fall in plasma potassium was significantly greater and the final plasma potassium concentration was significantly lower after either dose of xipamide than after cyclopenthiazide. 4 These results suggest that 10 mg or 20 mg of xipamide daily is effective in lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients but is associated with hypokalaemia. In view of recent evidence linking diuretic-induced hypokalaemia with cardiac dysrhythmias in patients with essential hypertension we would suggest that thiazide diuretics be used in preference to xipamide for the routine management of essential hypertension. Our results also suggest that the currently recommended dose of xipamide (20 mg) for the treatment of hypertension is excessive, and lower amounts than 10 mg per day might possibly be as effective in lowering blood pressure with less adverse metabolic consequences.
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PMID:Xipamide and cyclopenthiazide in essential hypertension--comparative effects on blood pressure and plasma potassium. 704 77