Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Carfentanil citrate, the only opioid approved in the United States for immobilizing large exotic animals, increasingly has been used to chemically restrain exotic horses, such as Prezwalski's horses (Equus przewalskii) and wild horses (E caballus). Because carfentanil's duration of action is long and renarcotization may develop 2 to 24 hours after administration of antagonists, a study was designed to compare the physiologic effects of opioid antagonists, using domestic horses chemically restrained with xylazine hydrochloride and carfentanil. The study was terminated after the initial 3 horses developed severe tachycardia and hypertension, which resulted in the death of 1 horse from pulmonary edema. Although it was possible that the clinical findings in these horses may have resulted from use of an inadequate dosage of carfentanil or xylazine, or both, analysis of the results more likely indicated that domestic and exotic horses may respond differently to carfentanil, and domestic horses may not be a good model for use in studies of carfentanil.
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PMID:Complications with the use of carfentanil citrate and xylazine hydrochloride to immobilize domestic horses. 775 36

Captive rhinoceros species are most frequently sedated and/or anaesthetised with the potent opioid, etorphine hydrochloride in combination with an alpha-2 adrenoreceptor agonist or the butyrophenone, azaperone. Carfentanil citrate based combinations have also been used to a lesser extent. In recent years butorphanol tartrate based combinations have been used with good success to induce neuroleptanalgesia. Sedation and anaesthesia are complicated by the large size of all rhinoceros species and their sensitivity to potent opioids. Potential complications include respiratory depression, hypoxaemia, hypertension, pulmonary shunting and ventilation/perfusion mismatch. The pharmacology of the principal drugs used for sedating/anaesthetising rhinoceros is reviewed. Techniques for sedating/anaesthetising the various species and potential complications associated with chemical restraint are discussed.
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PMID:A review of drugs and techniques used for sedation and anaesthesia in captive rhinoceros species. 1547 25