Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Minoxidil, a potent peripheral vasodilator used orally for refractory hypertension, has produced hypertrichosis. To determine the efficacy and safety of 1% or 5% topical minoxidil for the stimulation of scalp hair regrowth, we studied fifteen normotensive patients, five with androgenic alopecia and ten with alopecia areata diagnosed clinically and by biopsy, for 12 months. Three of five patients with androgenic alopecia using 5% minoxidil for 12 months noted hair regrowth, ranging from minimally observable hair to an appreciable restoration of larger, pigmented, terminal hair in one patient. Among the patients with androgenic alopecia, regrowth response corresponded to the serum minoxidil blood levels. None of the patients with alopecia areata receiving either 1% or 5% minoxidil noted hair regrowth despite comparable minoxidil blood levels. Improved local absorption of topical minoxidil solution may promote hair regrowth in androgenic alopecia.
J Am Acad Dermatol 1984 Sep
PMID:Topical minoxidil for hair regrowth. 638 89

The cases of 3 middle aged women admitted to the hospital because of cerebrovascular accidents in whom examination disclosed idiopathic livedo reticularis are reported. This association has only been described recently, but does not seem fortuitious; some of the clinical manifestations are characteristic but histology is usually nonspecific and the basic abnormality remains unknown. The main problem is prognostic and therapeutic. In an attempt to prevent neurological defects, tobacco and contraception should not be permitted for those women showing widespread livedo acquired reticularis; high blood pressure should be treated systematically. (author's modified)
Ann Dermatol Venereol 1984
PMID:[Livedo reticularis and cerebrovascular accidents]. 673 16

Photochemotherapy, consisting of the oral administration of psoralens plus long-wave ultraviolet radiation (PUVA), involves standing in a warm light cabinet for a prolonged time. This study was done to evaluate the cardiovascular reactions in normal patients and in patients with cardiac disease receiving PUVA therapy. Of forty patients studied, six had cardiovascular disease and sixteen had essential hypertension. Holter monitoring during treatment revealed no significant arrhythmias. All patients had a modest increase in heart rate at the end of PUVA, with a mean increase of 22% of baseline. Blood pressure was not significantly changed, and 12-lead electrocardiograms done in twenty-two of the patients before and after PUVA showed no significant changes. Our patients, including those with cardiovascular disease and hypertension, tolerated the PUVA therapy without significant subjective reactions and without evidence of excessive cardiovascular stress.
J Am Acad Dermatol 1981 May
PMID:The effect of photochemotherapy on the cardiovascular system. 724 Apr 63

Although cyclosporin A is a highly effective treatment for several skin disorders, particularly psoriasis, its use in dermatology appears limited due to drug-induced hypertension and nephrotoxicity. Newer, similar-acting anti-T-cell agents such as FK-506 and rapamycin may be more effective; therefore a comparison was made with cyclosporin A to assess their inhibitory action on T-cell responses and keratinocyte proliferation. Using a guinea-pig model of delayed-type hypersensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB), drugs were given systemically (25 mg/kg cyclosporin A, rapamycin; 2.5 mg/kg FK-506) and topically (0.02% and 2%) at the time of DNFB challenge or several hours after and were assessed with respect to erythema and the numbers of infiltrating T lymphocytes entering skin-challenge sites. FK-506, at all concentrations, significantly inhibited both T-cell infiltration and skin reddening when used by both routes. Rapamycin displayed no inhibitory effect, whereas cyclosporin A only suppressed the erythema response when given systemically. The inhibition of normal human keratinocyte growth by the drugs was assessed using a protein dye-binding assay. After 2 weeks, FK-506 had no effect, whereas cyclosporin A and rapamycin both inhibited keratinocyte growth in a dose-dependent fashion and almost equivalently in serum-containing and serum-free keratinocyte growth medium. The findings showed that in vivo only FK-506 suppressed T-cell involvement in sensitized animals. In contrast, it failed to have any effect on keratinocyte growth, whereas rapamycin was more potent than cyclosporin A in inhibiting their proliferation. The future benefit of these drugs in dermatology may ultimately lie in their combined use.
J Invest Dermatol 1994 Jan
PMID:Differential inhibition of cutaneous T-cell-mediated reactions and epidermal cell proliferation by cyclosporin A, FK-506, and rapamycin. 750 55

The pathogenesis of venous ulceration is thought to involve formation of pericapillary fibrin cuffs as a result of venous hypertension, and a recent hypothesis suggests that extravasated plasma proteins may bind or trap growth factors. We have compared the tissue distribution of fibrin cuffs, plasma proteins, procollagen, and transforming growth factors (TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2) within venous ulcers and normally healing graft donor sites. In venous ulcers, the papillary dermis and the ulcer bed contained convoluted capillaries with phosphotungstic acid haematoxylin-positive pericapillary fibrin cuffs. By immunohistochemical staining, the cuffs were positive for actin, and contained massively redundant lamellae of basement membrane material which stained positive for type IV collagen. Extravasated factor XIIIa and alpha 2-macroglobulin were present within the fibrin cuffs. Increased numbers of type I procollagen positive fibroblasts, and increased TGF-beta 1 immunoreactivity were present within the fibrin cuffs, but not in the provisional matrix in the ulcer bed around the cuffs. In contrast, in normally healing graft donor sites, tortuous capillaries and fibrin cuffs were absent, factor XIIIa and alpha 1-macroglobulin were restricted to the lumina of vessels, and procollagen and TGF-beta immunoreactivity were present within the granulation tissue and adjacent dermal matrix at the wound margin. These observations suggest that growth factors critical in wound healing, such as TGF-beta, are present within venous ulcers, but are abnormally distributed. Their distribution within fibrin cuffs and co-localization with extravasated plasma proteins, particularly alpha 2-macroglobulin, which is a recognized scavenger molecule for TGF-beta and other growth factors, provides evidence for a possible 'trapping' of growth factors in venous ulcers.
Br J Dermatol 1995 Jan
PMID:Extravasation of macromolecules and possible trapping of transforming growth factor-beta in venous ulceration. 753 79

Although venous systems are inherently variable, the treatment of varicose and telangiectatic leg veins can be approached in a logical, systematic fashion (Table 4). Instead of randomly injecting as many veins as possible in a given period of time, venous regions or entire abnormal superficial venous networks related to incompetent perforators should be injected in a single session. Although each patient requires differing amounts of time with this systematic approach, with experience, accurate estimations can be made, ensuring optimal productivity. Understanding the interconnected character of the venous system, it is senseless for physicians to limit treatment to telangiectatic veins. Dermatologists with an interest in phlebology should strive to perceive veins as a complete system, with the dermal telangiectatic component not as a separate skin disorder but as a manifestation of venous hypertension. An awareness of this will allow us to render optimal care for our patients.
Dermatol Clin 1995 Apr
PMID:Advances in sclerotherapy. 760 Jul 14

Although cyclosporin is effective in immunosuppression following organ transplantation and in the treatment of psoriasis, its use is limited by its side-effects, notably impaired renal function and hypertension. As SDZ IMM 125, a new derivative of the cyclosporin family, showed considerable immunosuppressive activity in experimental studies, with less effect on renal function, it was considered a potential successor to cyclosporin for both indications. In this multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the efficacy and tolerability of 40, 100, 200 and 400 mg SDZ IMM 125 daily were studied in 59 patients with psoriasis. Patients were followed for a period of 5 weeks (4 weeks treatment, and 1 week post-treatment observation). A dose-dependent effect of SDZ IMM 125 was observed. A significant correlation was found between the dose of SDZ IMM 125 and changes in the sum of severity scores of three indicator plaques. There was a significant decrease in the body surface area affected by psoriasis in the 400-mg group (P < or = 0.01), whereas a decrease of the global psoriasis severity was observed in the 200-mg (P < or = 0.01) and the 400-mg groups (P < or = 0.001). No serious adverse events occurred during the 4 weeks of treatment. Three patients discontinued treatment because of adverse events (one sore throat, two influenza). Clinical adverse events were similar to those reported with cyclosporin, the most frequent being gastrointestinal disturbances. Estimation of renal function indices showed that increases from baseline values were dose-dependent, and appeared to be similar to those seen with cyclosporin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Br J Dermatol 1995 Jul
PMID:Efficacy and tolerability of multiple-dose SDZ IMM 125 in patients with severe psoriasis. 766 49

Adverse reactions to drugs are well recognized as a cause of acute or chronic urticaria, and angio-oedema. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, used to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure, were introduced in Europe in the middle of the eighties, and the use of these drugs has increased progressively. Soon after the introduction of ACE inhibitors, acute bouts of angio-oedema were reported in association with the use of these drugs. We wish to draw attention to the possibility of adverse reactions to ACE inhibitors after long-term use and in patients with pre-existing angio-oedema.
Clin Exp Dermatol 1995 Jan
PMID:Increased frequency and severity of angio-oedema related to long-term therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor in two patients. 767 1

Sneddon's syndrome is a rare disease characterised by cerebrovascular ischaemic attacks and generalised livedo. Since previous observations, other symptoms were described: involvement of heart, of kidney, arterial hypertension, complicated obstetric or gynaecologic history in women. Prognosis is highly variable, depending on extent and speed of progression of cerebrovascular changes, which can lead to severe permanent mental deterioration. In livedo, histopathology shows pathological changes of small to medium-sized dermal arteries in a distinct time sequence: an early phase localized in endothelium followed by a late fibrotic phase. No specific laboratory findings are found. Recently some cases were reported in association with antiphospholipids antibodies. The etiopathogeny of Sneddon's syndrome is still unknown and could result from different processes: progression to an autoimmune disease such as lupus erythematosus, primitive endarteritis obliterans, or a new clinical expression of the antiphospholipid antibodies syndrome. At present, none of the therapeutic modalities provides significant improvement.
Ann Dermatol Venereol 1994
PMID:[Sneddon syndrome]. 770 55

Generalized hypertrichosis is a common side-effect of oral minoxidil treatment for hypertension. However, hypertrichosis is uncommon after treatment with topical minoxidil for alopecia, and normally only occurs in areas close to the site of application. A 16-year-old girl is presented who developed generalized hypertrichosis 3 months after applying topical minoxidil for treatment of diffuse alopecia in doses greater than that prescribed. Four months after discontinuing treatment, the abnormal hair gradually diminished and disappeared.
Clin Exp Dermatol 1994 Mar
PMID:Generalized hypertrichosis after treatment with topical minoxidil. 805 Jan 48


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