Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Regional blood flow of brain tumors and normal brain tissue of rats before and during angiotensin II (AT II)-induced hypertension were measured using an electrolytic flowmeter and a laser flowmeter. Etoposide concentration in the tumor and brain tissue after intracarotid administration were also measured in brain tumor bearing rats with or without AT II-induced hypertension. A suspension of 5 x 10(5)/10 microliters 9L gliosarcoma cells was inoculated into the left caudate-putamen of CD Fischer 344 rats. Before induced hypertension, regional blood flow of the tumor (28.2 +/- 2.6 ml/100 g/min; mean +/- SEM) and the contralateral caudate-putamen (23.0 +/- 1.8 ml/100g/min) in the tumor bearing rats were significantly lower than that of the caudate-putamen (43.9 +/- 4.1 ml/100g/min) in the normal rats (p less than 0.01). Intravenous administration of AT II at a dose of 0.4-0.6 microgram/body/min increased the mean arterial blood pressure from 96.5 +/- 4.7 mmHg to 138.0 +/- 3.6 mmHg. AT II-induced hypertension resulted in an approximate 1.8(1.1 - 3.6)-fold increase in the regional tumor blood flow. On the other hand the regional blood flow of the contralateral caudate-putamen was slightly decreased at the rate of 6%. The mean concentration of etoposide with AT II-induced hypertension in the tumor tissue was 2.2-fold higher than that without AT II-induced hypertension. However, etoposide delivery to normal brain tissue was small. From these results, induced hypertension with intravenously administrated AT II selectively increase the tumor blood flow and drug delivery to brain tumor tissue. Intracarotid chemotherapy with AT II-induced hypertension might contribute to enhance therapeutic effect of malignant brain tumors.
 ...
PMID:[Selective enhancement of tumor blood flow and drug delivery to brain tumors in experimental rat gliomas under angiotensin II-induced hypertension]. 191 Sep 50

Etoposide delivery to 9L gliosarcoma model in Fischer 344 rats was evaluated. Etoposide 2 mg/body was given intravenously (IV) or intracarotidly with (IHIC) or without (IC) intravenously administrated angiotensin II. Mean etoposide concentration of tumors was 5.08 micrograms/g for IHIC group, 2.27 micrograms/g for IC group and 0.70 micrograms/g for IV group. The difference in etoposide concentration between IHIC group and IV group was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). In addition, etoposide concentrations of the normal brain tissues were lower than concurrent plasma concentrations in all groups. The etoposide concentration was increased in the tumor and very low in the normal brain tissues in Fischer 344 rats with 9L gliosarcoma by induced hypertension with angiotensin II. These studies might suggest that intraarterial chemotherapy by induced hypertension with angiotensin II was useful on treatment of malignant brain tumors.
 ...
PMID:[Etoposide delivery to malignant brain tumors by induced hypertension with angiotensin II]. 233 69

Improved survival in testicular cancer has been accompanied by concern about long-term side effects of chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Secondary malignant neoplasia represents one of the worst possible long-term complications, leading to death in patients cured of their primary malignancy. Patients with testicular germ cell tumors appear to have a 2-fold increased risk of developing any second cancer 25-30 years after the diagnosis, resulting in a cumulative incidence of 16-23% at that time. The risk for secondary solid tumors can be mainly attributed to radiotherapy. There is strong evidence of an increasing risk for secondary solid tumors with time since treatment. Tumor-specific analysis of the risk for second cancers revealed statistically significant excesses for stomach, pancreas, bladder, rectum, prostate, and kidney cancer, as well as for cancer of the thyroid, melanoma, sarcomas, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. No significantly elevated risk for secondary solid tumors was observed after treatment with chemotherapy alone. The risk of secondary leukemia was associated with both radiotherapy and in particular with chemotherapy. In recent clinical surveys of patients with testicular cancer, estimates of the risk of leukemia after chemotherapy have ranged from 10- to 300-fold. An elevated risk was observed within the first two decades after diagnosis, later the risk was as expected in the normal population. Etoposide seems to be leukemogenic, especially at cumulative doses higher than 2 g/m2, although the effects of dose and schedule as well as the effects of other cytotoxic agents and radiotherapy remain to be finally clarified. Based on currently available data in patients with testicular cancer, it can be concluded that a significant elevated risk for the development of secondary leukemia exits after chemotherapy. However this risk does by far not outweigh the therapeutic benefit of etoposid-based therapy in patients with germ cell tumors. Secondary Raynaud's phenomenon is the main late vascular toxicity affecting about one third of patients after curative chemotherapy for testicular cancer. Hypertension will occur in one fifths of the patients. The incidence of vascular toxicity appears to be lower following PEB-therapy compared to PVB-therapy and major vascular events seem to be rare. Other frequent symptomatic toxicities are ototoxicity and peripheral neuropathy. A major risk factor for the development of toxicity is the cumulative dose of cisplatin given. Alterations of gonadotropin levels and Leydig cell insufficiency persist in more than half of young patients cured from testicular cancer by cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy. Approximately one fourth of patients have low serum magnesium or phosphat levels, or elevated creatinine levels. These toxicities seldomly result in clinical symptoms. We conclude that 3-4 courses with bleomycin, cisplatin and etoposide in testicular cancer patients will only rarely lead to symptomatic impairment of organ functions and a decrease of quality of life. Germ cell cancers have served as a valuable model for the development of new treatment strategies contributing largely to defining the role of cisplatinum, etoposide and recently ifosfamide in medical oncology. However, germ cell cancer may also be a useful model for investigating the long term side effects of the oncological therapies. Thus, germ cell cancer is not only a "model for a curable neoplasm" (L.H. Einhorn) but can also be seen as a "model for the study of late sequelae of modern oncological therapies".
 ...
PMID:[Late toxicity after chemotherapy of malignant testicular tumors]. 988 93

Etoposide is commonly used in the treatment of a variety of neoplasms. Hypersensitivity reactions to etoposide are infrequently reported and include hypotension, hypertension, flushing, diaphoresis, chest discomfort, dyspnea, bronchospasm and loss of consciousness. We report the case of a 39-year-old woman who experienced acute bronchospasm, tachycardia, hypoxia and hypotension. The symptoms resolved within an hour after administration of intravenous fluids, methylprednisolone, diphenhydramine and oxygen. Subsequently, the patient was given etoposide phosphate without incident.
...
PMID:Hypersensitivity to Etoposide in case of metastatic gestational choriocarcinoma. 2416 66

The craniopharyngioma is a benign intracranial nonglial tumor derived from a malformation of the embryonic tissue. Represents approximately 6-9% of brain tumors in children. It grows close to the optic nerve, hypothalamus and pituitary. The most frequent histological variety in children is adamantinomatous. The initial symptoms of intracranial hypertension is headache and nausea, followed by visual disturbances, impaired hormonal changes such as the secretion of GH, gonadotropins, TSH and ACTH and central diabetes insipidus. We present the clinical case of MD, 5yrs at age, which shows signs of intracranial hypertension syndrome: neuroradiological findings raise the diagnosis of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma for which the child underwent to sub-total surgical removal of the lesion and radiosurgery treatment. During the disease develops visual impairment, and secondary diabetes insipidus, hypothyroidism hipocotisolism that takes therapy with desmopressin (Minirin), Cortone acetate and L-tiroxine. For the failure of previous therapies, the child has performed chemotherapy with cisplatin (30 mg/sqm/day) and Etoposide (150 mg/mq/day). A year after the end of the last cycle of chemotherapy was detected new progression of the lesion with the appearance of worsening headache and vomiting in the upright position. TC notes the expansion of the third ventricle and the patient undergoes surgery craniotomy. This clinical case underlines the difficulties in treatment of recurrent craniopharyngioma in situations where the anatomical location do not permit aggressive radical surgery. Anyway, new studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of systemic chemotherapy as a method of experimental treatment that could reduce the progression of disease.
...
PMID:[Craniopharyngioma in children: importance of a multidisciplinary approach and therapeutic strategies in the treatment of relapsing]. 2421 36

Choriocarcinoma of the fallopian tube is a rare form of gestational trophoblastic disease. It can be gestational or non gestational choriocarcinoma, based on the origin. Fallopian tube choriocarcinoma has been reported commonly after ectopic pregnancy. Choriocarcinomas are germ cell tumours formed by trophoblastic elements. A 26-year-old lady presented with pain and mass abdomen of 15 days duration. Clinical examination revealed a ovarian tumour with elevated beta HCG. The working diagnosis was ovarian choriocarcinoma. Patient was also found to be having pulmonary artery hypertension due to the metastasis to lungs. Staging laparotomy was done. Histopathology revealed it to be metastatic gestational choriocarcinoma of fallopian tube with vascular emboli. The stage was stage III and WHO scoring of 15. She received Etoposide, Methotrexate, Actinomicin, Cyclophosphamide and Oncovin therapy. Following treatment there was a significant drop in the beta HCG. Patient tolerated the chemotherapy well. This is a rare presentation of choriocarcinoma with good prognosis.
...
PMID:Fallopian tube choriocarcinoma presenting as ovarian tumour: a case report. 2573 40