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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of indomethacin on plasma renin activity (PRA) and renal function was examined in conscious dogs with chronic renovascular hypertension before or after volume expansion. PRA did not change following the infusion of indomethacin: PRA was 5.18 +/- 1.46 ng/ml/h during control periods and was 5.01 +/- 0.95 ng/ml/h (p greater than 0.1) after 80 min of infusion of indomethacin. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was 121.6 +/- 7.4 mm Hg during control periods and was 122.0 +/- 4.6 mm Hg (p greater than 0.1) after 80 min of infusion of indomethacin. Infusion of indomethacin into these dogs undergoing diuresis did not change inulin or p-aminohippuric acid clearance. Sodium excretion (UNaV) showed slight but not signifcant decreases with the infusion of indomethacin. UNaV was 109.3 +/- 25.7 muEq/min during control periods and was 69.6 +/- 21.0 muEq/min (0.05 less than p less than 0.1) after 80 min of infusion of indomethacin. The results suggest that renin release, sodium excretion, and blood pressure in the dog with chronic renovascular hypertension in uninfluenced by indomethacin.
Nephron 1979
PMID:Effect of indomethacin on renal function and plasma renin activity in dogs with chronic renovascular hypertension. 51 27

Hepatic blood flow and peripheral plasma renin activity were determined in 15 true renovascular hypertensive patients and in 13 patients with essential hypertension. In the renovascular hypertensives, plasma renin activity and hepatic blood flow were negatively correlated ( p less than 0.01). In contrast, no relationship was observed in the essential hypertensives. The study suggests that hyperactivity of the renin-angiotensin system could induce splanchnic arteriolar constriction in patients with renovascular hypertension.
Nephron 1978
PMID:Renovascular hypertension. Relationship between hepatic blood flow and plasma renin activity. 62 9

The clinical course of diabetic nephropathy was evaluated in 150 patients and the effect of hemodialysis in 68 of them. Proteinuria was the first sign of renal disease. Once renal dysfunction becomes evident, there is a rapid deterioration leading to dialysis within 3.0 +/- 0.2 years. Hypertension and circulatory congestion are common complications. The hypertension is probably volume dependent. Retinopathy was not invariably present at the onset of renal insufficiency but appeared with progression of renal failure. The course during hemodialysis was complicated by continued progression of diabetic vascular disease manifested by vascular access difficulties, worsening of retinopathy and blindness, and cardio- and cerebrovascular deaths. Mortality was higher than in nondiabetic dialysis patients.
Nephron 1978
PMID:Diabetic nephropathy: clinical course and effect of hemodialysis. 64 44

15 patients who had benign, uncomplicated essential hypertension, were treated with chlorthiazide (500 mg twice a day) with or without propranolol (10--20 mg 4 times a day), and the effect of the treatment on plasma renin activity (PRA), urinary aldosterone excretion, total body potassium (TBK) and plasma sodium and potassium was evaluated. TBK depletion was significant mathematically (more than 5% of TBK lost) in 7 patients, but not significant physiologically (less than 15% of TBK lost) in any except in one, who may have had other reason for TBK depletion. Although propranolol prevented the increase in PRA and aldosterone excretion, it did not prevent the modest TBK depletion. Dietary potassium intake may have some importance in the maintenance of normal body potassium during chronic treatment with thiazides for hypertension.
Nephron 1978
PMID:The renin-aldosterone system and thiazide-induced depletion of total body potassium in essential hypertension. 71

We have investigated the influence of renal mobility on both renal blood flow and glomerular filtration, in order to evaluate its role as a potential intermediate cause of hypertension. In 25 untreated patients we compared between recumbent and upright position the relative change in the following five parameters: effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal mobility, peripheral plasma renin activity (PRA) and blood pressure. We found a positive correlation between the degree of renal mobility and an observed decrease in ERPF. On the other hand, no relation was found between the former and an observed decrease in GFR. The PRA appeared to rise following the decrease of the ERPF. These observations suggest that renal mobility adds to the orthostatic reduction in renal blood flow.
Nephron 1978
PMID:Nephroptosis and kidney function. 74 99

The hemodynamic mechanism of the hypotensive effect of propranolol was studied by quantitative radiocardiography in 8 patients with dialysis-resistant hypertension. Propranolol treatment brought about a decrease in mean arterial pressure and peripheral vascular resistances. The cardiac index was slightly reduced only in the early stage of the treatment. No significant difference was found between patients on treatments lasting longer than 3 months and patients with dialysis-controlled hypertension. The results show that propranolol can be used safely as the sole antihypertensive agent in patients with dialysis-resistant hypertension.
Nephron 1978
PMID:Chronic hemodynamic effects of propranolol treatment in dialysis-refractory hypertension. 74 Jan 3

High plasma renin activity (PRA) was found in 16 of 42 randomly selected nonuremic systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Mild hypertension was present in 3 of the 16.6 high-PRA and 10 normal-PRA patients were admitted to a metabolic ward. Salt restriction produced a disproportionate rise in both PRA and aldosterone, a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and a slightly greater negative sodium balance in the group with high PRA. Potassium excretion was less than intake in both groups. Balance studies were performed in 6 additional high-PRA patients before and during indomethacin administration (150 mg/24 h). PRA and aldosterone were markedly suppressed by indomethacin. UnaV was significantly greater than in the control period despite of the 28% reduction in GFR. These results suggest that high PRA is secondary to impaired distal tubular sodium reabsorption. Such a defect could be responsible for the relatively low frequency of hypertension in lupus nephritis.
Nephron 1978
PMID:Normotensive hyperreninemia in systemic lupus erythematosus. An indicator of tubular dysfunction. 74 33

From 1955 to 1977, 27 pediatric patients underwent surgical treatment for renovascular hypertension. Renal artery disease was most commonly caused by intimal or perimedial fibroplasia and occurred bilaterally in 7 patients. Overall results were 16 patients cured (59%), 5 patients improved (19%) and 6 failures (22%). The best results were obtained in children with unilateral renal artery stenosis. In recent years, ablative surgery has been largely supplanted by reconstructive vascular procedures in the treatment of this disease in children. Autogenous vascular bypass grafts have been most successful and aortorenal reimplantation may occasionally be employed. Renal autotransplantation should be reserved for children with the middle aortic syndrome or multiple lesions involving the branches of the renal artery. Splenorenal bypass and segmental resection with renastomosis have yielded poor results and are best avoided in this age group. Primary nephrectomy should only be performed in patients with renal atrophy or uncorrectable branch vessel disease. Renovascular hypertension in children is a potentially curable disease and revascularization with preservation of renal function should be the combined objectives of surgical therapy in the most cases.
Nephron 1978
PMID:Stenosing renal artery disease in children: clinicopathologic correlation and results of surgical treatment. 74 36

Renovascular hypertension developed in an anephric 37-year-old patient after he received a cadaveric renal transplant from a 2-year-old donor. Despite adequate homograft function, a transplant nephrectomy was perfomed because of intractable, lifethreatening hypertension. There was relative stenosis throughout the course of the transplanted renal artery. Pathologic examination of the kidney did not demonstrate evidence of technical failure or immunological or hypertensive damage. Atrophic changes in the media of the renal artery may have resulted from radiation damage. The hypertension appears to have been caused by disproportionate growth between the parenchyma in the hypertrophying pediatric homograft and its renal artery.
Nephron 1976
PMID:Intractable renovascular hypertension in an adult recipient of a pediatric cadaveric renal transplant. 78 46

In patients with renovascular hypertension, a significant decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and in renal plasma flow (RPF) in the stenotic kidney was accompanied by a significant homolateral decrease in extraction of PAH(EPAH) and in net tubular reabsorption of sodium (RNa). There was a highly significant correlation between differences in RNa and differences in either GFR or RPF, while no correlation between differences in RNa and in EPAH was noted. It is suggested that the nature of the relationship between GFR and RNa is essentially the same in unilateral renal artery stenosis in man, as in acute constriction of the renal artery or the aorta in the experimental animal.
Nephron 1977
PMID:Relationship between glomerular filtration rate and tubular reabsorption of sodium in patients with unilateral renal artery stenosis. The role of the renal prostaglandins. 84 24


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