Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The antihypertensive effect of slow release nifedipine (CAS 21829-25-4) tablets (20 mg, Adalat) administered once or twice daily was studied in patients with essential hypertension of WHO stage I or II. Ambulatory blood pressure was monitored by a finger volume oscillometric device every 5 min for 24 h before and during the treatment with nifedipine. Whether administered once or twice daily, nifedipine tablets dit not change the pattern of circadian blood pressure variation; i.e. diurnal rise and nocturnal fall. Twice daily administration induced a significant downward shift in the blood pressure pattern. In other words, further hypotensive effect was observed during the night when the blood pressure was already low. On the other hand, administration once daily in the morning lowered daytime blood pressure without affecting blood pressure during the night. The duration of action of nifedipine tablets administered once daily was 12 h or more. In the acute experiment using 20 mg tablets of nifedipine, plasma concentration of nifedipine was well correlated with the percentage change in mean blood pressure. The minimal effective plasma concentration of nifedipine was estimated to be 13.4 ng/ml. However, in chronic treatment, nifedipine lowered blood pressure at the plasma concentration of 10 ng/ml. The results indicate that nifedipine tablets administered once daily provide an effective antihypertensive regimen for controlling daytime hypertension with minimal antihypertensive effect during the night.
 ...
PMID:Effect of slow release nifedipine tablets in patients with essential hypertension. 128 7

Abnormalities in sodium homeostasis and in atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) behavior could play a role in determining and accelerating the development of glomerular hypertension, hypertension, and microalbuminuria in insulin-dependent diabetes. The aim of the present study was to investigate in 32 hypertensive insulin-dependent diabetic patients (HD) with an altered albumin excretion rate the natriuretic response and ANP release to saline load (2 mmol/kg 90 min, and the effects angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor therapy 2.5 to 5.0 mg cilazapril, once daily), and calcium antagonists (sustained release verapamil: 120 to 240 mg Isoptin Press, once daily, and long acting nifedipine: 20 to 40 mg Adalat AR, twice daily) on sodium homeostasis and albumin excretion rate. Eight normal subjects matched for sex, age, and weight served as controls. The 32 HD patients showed a blunted response in ANP release and sodium excretion during saline infusion in comparison with controls. The cilazapril and verapamil treatments were tested in 16 of the 32 HD patients and were both effective in ameliorating natriuretic and ANP response to saline load and in decreasing albumin excretion rate. The combined cilazapril and verapamil treatment further improved both these parameters in these patients, although blood pressure levels were comparable. The other 16 HD patients underwent sequential verapamil and nifedipine treatment. Verapamil was more effective than nifedipine in improving natriuresis and ANP release to saline load and in lowering the albumin excretion rate. The results of the present study demonstrate that sodium homeostasis and ANP release are altered in hypertensive nephropathic patients, and both cilazapril and verapamil are more effective than nifedipine in ameliorating natriuresis, ANP release, and albumin excretion rate.
 ...
PMID:Effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and calcium antagonists on atrial natriuretic peptide release and action and on albumin excretion rate in hypertensive insulin-dependent diabetic patients. 145 87

Examined were 140 adolescents with juvenile arterial hypertension (JAH) and 54 healthy adolescents (age: 15-19 years). Niphedipine was used in 36, anaprilin in 40; 60--did not receive these drugs (control group). The treatment lasted 6 months. It was found that before treatment adolescents with JAH showed a clear increase of the angiotensin, testosterone and plasma renin activity (PRA). Niphedipine treatment resulted in normalization of the angiotensin level, while anaprilin treatment resulted in normalization of PRA and testosterone. The two drugs reduced equally the level of arterial pressure.
 ...
PMID:[Changes in the humoral systems in juvenile arterial hypertension and their correction by using nifedipine and anaprilin]. 147 32

Even during adequate general anesthesia, hypertension is a common phenomenon in patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass grafting (CABG). In such cases application of vasodilators is recommended in order to decrease myocardial oxygen consumption. This study was performed to compare two commonly used substances, i.e., nitrates and nifedipine, with regard to their influence on hemodynamics, renal blood flow, kidney function, and the requirement for homologous blood transfusions. METHODS. Forty-four patients gave their informed consent to the study. They were randomly divided into 2 groups: group 1 received nitroglycerin (3.0 micrograms/kg.min), group 2 nifedipine (Adalat, 0.5 microgram/kg.min) in order to prevent hypertension in the phase before onset of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Anesthesia was induced by etomidate and succinylcholine and maintained as a modified neuroleptanalgesia with fentanyl (up to 50 micrograms/kg), midazolam (0.3 mg/kg.h), and pancuronium (0.1 mg/kg). Systolic blood pressure was kept within the range of 120-160 mm Hg; in case of higher values boluses of either 0.25 mg nitroglycerin or 0.5 mg nifedipine were administered. Cardiac index, stroke volume index, rate-pressure product, intrapulmonary shunt, and pulmonary and total peripheral resistances were evaluated at five predefined points: (1) after induction of anesthesia; (2) before incision; (3) before cannulating the aorta; (4) after decannulating the aorta; and (5) at the end of operation. Creatinine and free-water clearances as well as sodium and potassium excretion were calculated for three phases of the operation: (A) induction of anesthesia--onset of CPB; (B) during CPB; and (C) end of CPB--end of operation. CPB was performed using a membrane oxygenator (Sorin 51) and a nonpulsatile blood flow of 2.5 1/min.m2, which was reduced during mild hypothermia of 30-32 degrees C to 1.7 l/min.m2. Mean arterial pressure in both groups was kept at approximately 70 mm Hg. In case of lower pressures norepinephrine (50-100 micrograms/bolus) was administered; higher pressures were treated as described above. Volume substitution was performed initially by 500 ml hydroxyethyl starch and continued, if necessary, by homologous blood or 5% human albumin in order to keep the hematocrit greater than 30 in the phases before and after CPB. RESULTS. Group 2 showed significantly higher values of cardiac index and stroke volume index at point 3 while the rate-pressure product was clearly lower, indicating better myocardial performance and lower oxygen consumption than in group 1. Creatinine and free-water clearances in all three phases did not differ. However, sodium excretion during CPB was significantly higher in the nifedipine group while potassium excretion showed no differences. The average requirement for blood and blood substitutes was lower in group 2, but the difference could not be confirmed statistically because of the large dispersion of values. Nevertheless, 4 patients in the nifedipine group but no patient in group 1 did not need homologous blood transfusion. CONCLUSION. In comparison to nitrates, nifedipine showed some advantages in the treatment of hypertension during CABG: (1) it provided better myocardial performance; (2) it had a more reliable but not too long-lasting effect on elevated total peripherial resistance, leading to better hemodynamic stability; and (3) by not affecting the capacitance vessels it may necessitate fewer homologous blood transfusions.
 ...
PMID:[Nifedipine versus nitroglycerin in aortocoronary bypass surgery. The effect on hemodynamics, kidney function and homologous blood requirement]. 153 39

Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographies were used to examine 102 hypertensive patients who were found to have pulmonary hypertension, whose manifestation was determined by the degree of arterial hypertension, cardiac contractile insufficiency and diminished left heart pump function. The degree of pulmonary hypertension was related to the hemodynamic type and maximal with hypokinetic circulation when the pump function of the heart was minimal. Obsidan caused a decrease in pulmonary and systemic arterial hypertension, producing higher effects with hypokinetic hemodynamics. Corinfar was demonstrated to attenuate pulmonary hypertension to a greater extent. Its action on systemic arterial hypertension was highest in patients with hyperkinetic circulation. Heterodirectional hemodynamic effects of these drugs make it expedient to study their combined action on the hemodynamic of hypertensive patients.
 ...
PMID:[Pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with hypertension during acute drug tests using obsidan and corinfar]. 187 2

Nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, is widely used in the management of hypertension, angina and cardiac arrhythmias. In this study, the bioequivalence of two pharmaceutical formulations of nifedipine, Nifecard (10 mg capsules) manufactured by Dar Al-Dawa Development and Investment Co, Ltd. and Adalat (10 mg capsules) manufactured by Bayer Pharmaceutical Company, was assessed in twelve healthy male subjects. Nifecard or Adalat was given orally on two occasions separated by one week wash-out interval. Blood samples for the determination of plasma nifedipine concentration were taken for 8 hours following drug administration. Blood pressure and pulse were also measured after each treatment. Plasma nifedipine concentrations were measured by a simple, sensitive and reproducible HPLC method. There were no significant differences in oral absorption, Cmax, tmax, t1/2 and AUC between Nifecard and Adalat. Also, Nifecard and Adalat produced similar hemodynamic profiles (blood pressure and pulse). In conclusion, our results demonstrate that both Adalat and Nifecard are bioequivalent and produced similar pharmacological effects.
 ...
PMID:Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of two commercial oral nifedipine products. 193 93

Cardiovascular disease in all its clinical manifestations progresses significantly as age advances and takes its heaviest toll in the elderly. Hypertension becomes the dominant risk factor for cardiovascular disease in this age group because of its high incidence. Traditionally, diastolic rather than systolic blood pressure has been regarded as the main risk factor for cardiovascular complications in hypertension, although it is becoming clearer that the risk of cardiovascular complications is likely to be associated mainly with systolic pressure in the elderly. Various intervention drug trials in elderly patients seem to indicate that hypotensive drug treatment can decrease cardiovascular mortality, mainly by decreasing cerebrovascular mortality. The EWPHE used a diuretic combination with methyldopa, and the HEP study used atenolol with a thiazide diuretic. The multicenter Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEPS) currently underway in the United States is likely to also provide some answers. The place of newer agents such as ACE inhibitors or calcium antagonists is still undetermined. Calcium antagonist drugs have been reported to be effective, and possibly more so in the elderly than in a younger population, although this assumption is not proven and may not be valid. Pharmacokinetic studies in the elderly are very few, although the studies reported indicate a reduced clearance. Studies also indicate that Nifedipine Retard tablets are effective, with a low incidence of adverse effects. There are no trials, however, looking at the long-term benefit of treating elderly hypertensive patients with either nifedipine tablets or other calcium-channel blockers.
 ...
PMID:Hypertension in the elderly. 207 5

A nifedipine retard tablet formation (Glopir, 20mg) was developed to reduce the number of daily doses required in the treatment of hypertension. The plasma pharmacokinetics of this oral formulation were examined, in a single study, on 12 healthy volunteers. Single 20 mg doses of nifedipine retard tablet (Glopir, GAP & Co. Athens, Greece) were given after an overnight fast and 10 blood samples were drawn during the first 24 h after administration. Plasma concentrations of nifedipine were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The mean peak plasma nifedipine concentration was 27.6 ng/ml at a maximum time of 24 h, after tablet ingestion. The mean apparent nifedipine elimination half-life was 16.0 +/- 7.5 h and the mean area under the plasma concentration time curve (0-24 h) 404.1 +/- 134.0 ng/ml.h. The data suggest that the tablet form has properties of a sustained-release preparation, with slow accumulation and elimination phases and can appropriately be given in a twice-daily regimen.
 ...
PMID:Pharmacokinetics of nifedipine derived from a new retard tablet formulation. 208 64

The observations of a 16-week Tensiomin therapy of 10 hypertensive patients treated with hemodialysis have been discussed. The patients have been treated for about 5 years with hemodialysis, suffered from anuria and required besides systhematical ultrafiltration a combination antihypertensive therapy. Tensiomin was combined with Minipress, Trasicor, Depressan, Estulic and Corinfar by using three- or four-drug combinations. In the course of the administration of Tensiomin the doses of the other antihypertensive drugs could be decreased by 50% on average, while the blood pressure of the patients was normalized. By controlling the patients on weeks 1, 4, 12 and 16 of therapy toxic side-effects or notable pathological changes of the examined laboratory parameters (WBC, serum total protein, Na, K, Ca, P, bilirubin, blood sugar and SGOT values) were not seen. It has been concluded that Tensiomin is an effective drug in combination therapy applied for normalizing the hypertension of dialysed patients.
 ...
PMID:Use of tensiomin (captopril) in the antihypertensive treatment of haemodialysis patients. 219 78

Acute course and long-term regimens of depin-E administration were evaluated clinically and pharmacologically in 50 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis (COB) and chronic cor pulmonale (CCP). The drug has three mechanisms of action: arteriolovenodilating, bronchodilating, direct pulmonary vascular. Therapeutic effect was achieved in 80% and 60% of COB and CCP patients, respectively. No response was demonstrated for patients with severe cardiac failure. Depin-E can be recommended for prophylaxis and treatment of CCP, to arrest hypertension crises in lesser circulation, to improve pulmonary circulation, central hemodynamics, exercise tolerance.
 ...
PMID:[Effectiveness of depin-E in patients with chronic bronchitis]. 221 46


1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>