Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The importance of cerebral blood volume (CBV) as a physiological parameter has been well recognized, especially in its relation to the intracranial pressure (ICP). Although various methods have been applied to measure CBV, several problems and difficulties still remain to be settled. In the present study, noninvasive monitoring of CBV on the cortical surface was done with organ reflectance spectrophotometry. Through the cranial window, the cat brain was illuminated by the white light via optical fibers and reflected light was analized by spectrophotometer equipped with microcomputer and image-sensor (Sumitomo Elec. Co., Spectrum analyzer TS-200), which enables to estimate CBV on real time as the absorbance value at the isobestic point of the spectral curve of hemoglobin (Hb). In order to ascertain the reliability and reproducibility, the change of CBV was examined by 5% & 10% CO2 inhalation, 5% O2 inhalation and bilateral jugular vein occlusion. A linear correlation was found between PaCO2 and Hb absorbance value on CO2 inhalation. By the bilateral jugular vein occlusion, Hb increased concomitantly with ICP, while cerebral blood flow (CBF) decreased. On 5% O2 inhalation, absorbance spectral pattern of tissue Hb changed from that of oxy-Hb to deoxy-Hb without change of absorbance value at the isobestic point. Thus, the Hb absorbance value obtained by this spectrophotometer was considered to be reliable for the estimation of CBV on the cortical surface. Using this, the change of CBV was examined on the drug-induced seizure and post-decompression state after sustained intracranial hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Continuous monitoring of cerebral blood volume in cats using a reflectance spectrophotometer]. 400 77

Arterial blood pressure is influenced by sleep-related breathing disorders. As cardiovascular consequences can be diagnosed by an accurate recording and analysis of blood pressure, new recording methodologies and an approach to analysis are presented here. Invasive continuous blood pressure recording is the common reference for all methodologies. As blood pressure varies rapidly in parallel with sleep-related breathing disorders it is indispensible to record blood pressure continuously. To introduce non-invasive methodology the Finapres system was used during sleep studies; a validation study showed severe limitations. This study was followed by the validation of an improved system called Portapres, which is portable, has two finger cuffs and a hydrostatic height compensation. Analysis of continuous blood pressure in patients with sleep apnoea is carried out to detect mechanisms which influence the cardiovascular risk. Spectrum analysis of systolic blood pressure showed two different major oscillations present in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. One oscillation (<0.06 Hz) occurs in parallel with each apnoeic episode and the other oscillation (0.2-0.4 Hz) occurs in parallel with the obstructive efforts during each apnoea and in parallel with respiration during periods of snoring. These two oscillations were so specific that the use of non-invasive continuous blood pressure recording allowed an estimation of the extent of underlying breathing disorders, and assessment of cardiovascular risk in a patient with obstructive apnoea in terms of hypertension and on the basis of ambulatory monitoring.
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PMID:Blood pressure analysis. 1060 67

This is a report of a 9-year-old female with a clinical presentation of benign intracranial hypertension (BIH) who was found to have an unruptured pial arteriovenous malformation (AVM) with a significant fistula. The AVM was completely embolized using a recently developed liquid embolic system, Onyx, after which gradual clinical improvement followed. A few cases of BIH associated with AVM have been described in adults and adolescents. Possible causal relation is discussed.
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PMID:Benign intracranial hypertension associated with arteriovenous malformation. 1185 26

Cardiac autonomic abnormalities have been described in Parkinson's disease. Little is known about possible alterations of vascular sympathetic regulatory activity in patients without orthostatic hypotension or symptoms of orthostatic intolerance. Nineteen patients with Parkinson's disease without orthostatic hypotension (PD), 21 with orthostatic hypotension (PDOH), and 20 healthy controls underwent ECG, beat-to-beat arterial pressure, and respiration recordings while recumbent and during a 75 degrees head-up tilt. Spectrum analysis of RR interval and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) variability provided indices of cardiac sympathovagal interaction (low frequency [LF]/high frequency [HF]) to the sinoatrial node and sympathetic vasomotor control (LF(SAP)). Arterial baroreceptor mechanisms were assessed by the spontaneous sequences technique and bivariate spectrum analysis (alpha index). Plasma catecholamines provided the neurohormonal profile. At rest, hemodynamics and spectral markers of autonomic function were similar in PD and control subjects. Norepinephrine was lower in PD and PDOH than in control subjects. In PDOH, SAP was higher, whereas LF/HF ratio and LF(SAP) were lower compared with control subjects. During tilt, SAP was unchanged in PD; however, similar to PDOH, the increase of heart rate, LF/HF ratio, and LF(SAP) was blunted compared with control subjects. Baroreflex indices were unmodified in PD and PDOH compared with control subjects. Initial alterations in both cardiac and vascular sympathetic modulatory activity were found in PD and revealed by a gravitational stimulus. Prompt recognition of sympathetic abnormalities might result in earlier therapeutic intervention, reduced orthostatic intolerance, and increased quality of life.
Hypertension 2007 Jan
PMID:Early abnormalities of vascular and cardiac autonomic control in Parkinson's disease without orthostatic hypotension. 1710 46

Renal artery embolization is a minimally invasive procedure that is increasingly being used for treatment of a wide range of conditions. The main indications for renal artery embolization include (1) prenephrectomy and preradiofrequency ablation infarction of renal tumors, (2) management of renal angiomyolipomas, (3) palliations of unresectable renal malignancy, (4) renal hemorrhage (life-threatening or chronic debilitating hematuria), (5) arteriovenous fistulas, (6) vascular malformations, (7) renal artery aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms, and other less common indications, such as severe hydronephrosis and hypertension. A variety of embolic materials are available, such as metal coils, sclerosants (glue, Onyx, absolute ethanol, lipiodol), and particulate embolic agents (polyvinyl alcohol particles and embospheres). Selection of the appropriate agent depends on the clinical application, technical and clinical endpoints, as well as the pathology lesion(s) targeted. Renal artery embolization can be performed alone or in combination with remodeling techniques, stent-grafting, and balloon- or stent-assisted coiling in more complicated cases. The procedure is generally regarded as safe and effective for diverse applications and is considered as an evolving area in the field of endoluminal therapy.
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PMID:Transcatheter renal artery embolization: clinical applications and techniques. 2000 80

We report on the safety and efficacy of trans-arterial and transvenous Onyx embolization in the treatment of dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVFs) of the cavernous sinus. We reviewed the findings from a retrospectively database for 22 patients with cavernous sinus DAVFs who were treated with either transarterial Onyx embolization alone (n = 8) or transarterial and transvenous Onyx embolization (n = 14) over a four year period. The mean follow-up period after endovascular treatment was 21.6 months (range 3-42 mths). Total number of embolizations was 27 for 22 patients. Two patients were treated transvenously after transarterial embolization. All 22 patients (100%) experienced improvement of their clinical symptoms. All 22 patients (100%) experienced total obliteration of their DAVFs, as documented by angiography performed at a mean follow-up of 5.8 months after the last treatment. No patient experienced a recurrence of symptoms after angiography showed DAVF obliteration. One patient exhibited temporary deterioration of ocular symptoms secondary to venous hypertension after near total obliteration; one had transient V cranial nerve deficit related to transarterial embolization, and two patients exhibited transient III and VI cranial nerve weakness related to transvenous embolization. Two patients experienced recurrent symptoms after incomplete transarterial embolization and underwent transvenous embolization at three and four months. Both patients achieved clinical and angiographic cures. Transarterial and transvenous embolization with Onyx, whenever possible, proved to be a safe and effective management for patients with cavernous sinus DAVFs.
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PMID:Transarterial and transvenous embolization for cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulae. 2097 59

Spinal arteriovenous malformations are rare in children, although perimedullary arteriovenous fistulas (PMAVFs) may account for up to 24% of spinal arteriovenous malformations in this age group. Reported presentations of PMAVFs have included progressive or acute myelopathic symptoms, pain, hematomyelia, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. No known reports of an unruptured PMAVF causing communicating hydrocephalus have been previously published. A 17-month-old girl presented to the authors' clinic with a 6-month history of back and leg pain, gait regression, constipation, and marked lumbar hyperlordosis due to a PMAVF. A brain MRI study also demonstrated advanced hydrocephalus. The patient underwent embolization with Onyx of 2 feeding arteries from the right L-1 and 1 feeding artery from the left L-1 lumbar arteries. Postembolization follow-up imaging demonstrated a reduction in size of the L-1 pedicles and no residual supply of the fistula. Three-year clinical follow-up showed normal bowel and bladder function with significant improvements in the patient's back pain, gait, and hyperlordosis. The patient's ventricular enlargement improved without direct management of her hydrocephalus. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of communicating hydrocephalus caused by an unruptured PMAVF. The authors postulate that the origin of hydrocephalus was either central venous hypertension caused by the high-flow fistula or a change in fluid dynamics reducing CSF resorption through arachnoid granulations in the lumbar region of the spinal cord. The exact role that spinal arachnoid granulations play in CSF resorption is not currently known. Regardless of pathogenesis, initial treatment should focus on management of the fistula with additional hydrocephalus management only when necessary.
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PMID:Communicating hydrocephalus caused by an unruptured perimedullary arteriovenous fistula in the lumbar region of an infant. 2324 Aug 50

The group of imidazoline-1 receptors (I(1)-IR) agonists encompasses drugs are currently used in treatment of high blood pressure and hyperglycemia. The I(1)-IR protein structures have not been determined yet, but Nischarin protein that binds numerous imidazoline ligands inducing initiation of various cell-signaling cascades, including apoptosis, is identified as strong I(1)-IR candidate. In this study we examined apoptotic activity of rilmenidine (potent I(1)-IR agonist), moxonidine (moderate I(1)-IR agonist), and efaroxan (I(1)-IR partial agonist) on cancer cell line (K562) expressing Nischarin. The Nischarine domains mapping was performed by use of the Informational Spectrum Method (ISM). The 3D-Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (3D-QSAR) and virtual docking studies of 29 I(1)-IR ligands (agonists, partial agonists, and antagonists) were carried out on I(1)-IR receptors binding affinities. The 3D-QSAR study defined 3D-pharmacophore models for I(1)-IR agonistic and I(1)-IR antagonistic activity and created regression model for prediction of I(1)-IR activity of novel compounds. The 3D-QSAR models were applied for design and evaluation of novel I(1)-IR agonists and I(1)-IR antagonists. The most promising I(1)-IR ligands with enhanced activities than parent compounds were proposed for synthesis. The results of 3D-QSAR, ISM, and virtual docking studies were in perfect agreement and allowed precise definition of binding mode of I(1)-IR agonists (Arg 758, Arg 866, Val 981, and Glu 1057) and significantly different binding modes of I(1)-IR antagonists or partial I(1)-IR agonists. The performed theoretical study provides reliable system for evaluation of I(1)-IR agonistic and I(1)-IR antagonistic activity of novel I(1)-IR ligands, as drug candidates with anticancer activities.
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PMID:Imidazoline-1 receptor ligands as apoptotic agents: pharmacophore modeling and virtual docking study. 2336 Jan 65

Dural arteriovenous fistulas with restricted antegrade venous flow and reflux into a dural sinus or cortical veins lead to intracranial venous hypertension. This type of venous hypertension in return may cause parenchymal damage by mechanisms similar to those proposed for venous infarction. A 42-year-old man presented with homonymous hemianopsia of the right upper visual field. Computed tomography demonstrated hypointensity in the left occipital lobe. Angiography confirmed dural arteriovenous fistula of the left sigmoid sinus, severe stenosis and occlusion of the left sigmoid sinus and reversal of the flow in the cortical veins. This fistula was treated with Onyx-18. This report emphasizes an unusual coexistence of venous infarction with sigmoid sinus dural arteriovenous fistula causing neurological symptoms.
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PMID:Venous infarction associated with a sigmoid sinus dural arteriovenous fistula. A case report. 2425 67

Dural ateriovenous fistula (DAVF) at the craniocervical junction is rare. We report a patient presenting with brainstem dysfunction as an uncommon onset. Brainstem lesion was suggested by magnetic resonance image study. Angiogram revealed a DAVF at a high cervical segment supplied by the meningeal branch of the right vertebral artery, with ascending and descending venous drainage. Complete obliteration of the fistula was achieved via transarterial Onyx embolization. Clinical cure was achieved in the follow-up period; meanwhile, imaging abnormalities of this case disappeared. Accordingly, we hypothesize that a brainstem lesion of this case was caused by craniocervical DAVF, which induced venous hypertension. Thus, venous drainage patterns should be paid attention to because they are important for diagnosis and theraputic strategy.
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PMID:Brainstem Congestion due to Dural Ateriovenous Fistula at the Craniocervical Junction. 2485 Nov 51


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