Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The cardiovascular effects of the proprietary cold remedies, Mu-cron and Boots Cold Relief tablets were compared with 'placebo' Boots Pain Relief tablets in a double-blind study involving 16 healthy volunteers. Measurements (impedance cardiography, forearm plethysmography) were made over 4 h after oral drug administration. 2. Two Mu-cron tablets (containing phenylpropanolamine [(1R,2S)- plus (1S,2R)-norephedrine] 50 mg) increased blood pressure (maximal effect 18 +/- 1/8 +/- 1 mm Hg (mean +/- s.e. mean), P less than 0.001), stroke volume (4.9 +/- 0.8 ml m-2, P less than 0.05), total peripheral resistance (243 +/- 27 dyn s cm-5 m2, P less than 0.001) and forearm vascular resistance (1.3 +/- 0.3 mm Hg ml-1 min, P less than 0.01) and reduced the ratio of pre-ejection period to ventricular ejection time (-0.031 +/- 0.003, P less than 0.05) and forearm blood flow (-2.6 +/- 0.5 ml min-1, P less than 0.05) but did not affect heart rate or cardiac index. 3. Two Boots Cold Relief tablets (containing phenylephrine 10 mg and caffeine 60 mg) caused a small and short-lived increase in total peripheral resistance but did not have consistent effects on other measurements. Two Boots Pain Relief tablets (containing caffeine 60 mg) did not have important cardiovascular effects. 4. The cardiovascular effects of phenylpropanolamine, including vasoconstriction and an increase in cardiac performance, are consistent with its alpha- and beta 1-adrenoceptor agonist action. While it may help the symptoms of rhinitis, its use in patients with heart disease or hypertension is hazardous.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:A comparison of the cardiovascular effects of phenylpropanolamine and phenylephrine containing proprietary cold remedies. 172 92

Timely referral to nephrologists is important for improving clinical outcomes and reducing costs during transition periods. We evaluated the impact of patients' demographic, clinical, and social health characteristics on referral time.A total of 1744 CKD patients who started maintaining dialysis were enrolled in a Korean prospective cohort. The early referral (ER) and late referral group (LR) were defined as patients who were referred to a nephrologist more than or less than 1 year prior to dialysis initiation, respectively.A total of 1088 patients (62.3%) were in the ER, and 656 patients (37.6%) were in the LR. Among the patients in the LR, 398 patients (60.7%) were referred within the 3 months prior to the start of dialysis (ultralate referral group [ULR]). The ER was younger at the time of referral than the LR; however, the ER was older at the start of dialysis. Patients with diabetes or hypertension as the cause of kidney disease were more common in the LR, whereas patients with glomerulonephritis, females, and nonsmokers were more common in the ER. The ER had more well-controlled blood pressure, lower phosphorus levels, and higher hemoglobin levels at the start of dialysis. Congestive heart failure (CHF) was more common in the LR. In the multivariate analysis, male sex (odds ratio [OR] 1.465, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.034-2.076), underlying kidney disease (diabetes mellitus [OR 1.507, 95% CI 1.057-2.148] and hypertension [OR 1.995, 95% CI 1.305-3.051]), occupation (mechanician [OR 2.975, 95% CI 1.445-6.125], laborer [OR 3.209, 95% CI 1.405-7.327], and farmer [OR 5.147, 95% CI 2.217-11.953]), CHF (OR 2.152, 95% CI 1.543-3.000), and ambulatory status (assisted-walks, OR 2.072, 95% CI 1.381-3.111) were proved as the independent risk factor for late referral.Patients with hypertensive or diabetic kidney disease are referred later than those with glomerulonephritis. Male patients with physically active occupations exhibiting CHF and restricted ambulation were associated with a late referral. Considering the various factors associated with late referral, efforts to increase early referrals should be emphasized, particularly in patients with hypertension, diabetes, or congestive heart failure.
...
PMID:Factors Affecting the Referral Time to Nephrologists in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study in Korea. 2717 88