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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Central activity, antihypertensive action and antiulcerogenic actions of Neurotropin (NSP), an extract isolated from vaccinia virus-innoculated skin or tissues of rabbits were investigated herein. When actions of NSP were examined in isolated muscle preparations by the Magnus-method, peristalsis and ACh-induced contraction in the small intestine isolated from crayfish were not influenced, peristalsis and ACh-induced contraction in the small intestine from mice were slightly accelerated, but adrenaline-induced relaxation in the small intestine from mice was not affected. Histamine-induced contraction in the small intestine and tracheal muscles isolated from guinea pigs was antagonized slightly, or not at all by NSP in a high concentration. NSP had no direct action nor anti-ACh action on abdominal muscles from frogs. NSP had no influence on E1-mice-convulsions. Both spontaneous motor activities and exploratory movements in mice were depressed. Sleeping time induced by hexobarbital-Na was prolonged in mice. Tremorine-induced tremor in mice was inhibited by NSP, while perphenazine-induced catalepsy in rats was not. Normal blood pressure in Wistar rats was not influenced, but high blood pressure in SHR (spontaneously hypertensive rats) decreased close to normal levels after NSP. NSP had antiulcerogenic effects on Takagi's restraint-plus-water-immersing ulcers in rats and histamine-induced duodenal ulcers in guinea pigs, but no influence on Shay ulcers in Wistar rats. From the data obtained herein, it may be concluded that NSP has many central depressant-like activities.
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PMID:[Central activity, antihypertensive action and antiulcerogenic effects of neurotropin]. 103 90

Opening lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure was measured with a paediatric spinal fluid manometer in 26 of 61 Kenyan children (mean age 39 months) with cerebral malaria. In all cases pressure was above normal (mean [SD]22.6 [7.4] cm CSF, range 10.5-36). Clinical features of our patients suggest that intracranial hypertension is important in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria in children, especially as a cause of death. We suggest that raised intracranial pressure is secondary to increased cerebral blood volume. Lowering intracranial pressure may significantly reduce the mortality and morbidity of cerebral malaria. The potential risks and benefits of lumbar puncture should be considered carefully in patients with suspected cerebral malaria.
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PMID:Intracranial pressure in African children with cerebral malaria. 167 76

Four remote population samples (Yanomamo and Xingu Indians of Brazil and rural populations in Kenya and Papua New Guinea) had the lowest average blood pressures among all 52 populations studied in INTERSALT, an international cooperative investigation of electrolytes and blood pressure. Average systolic blood pressure was 103 versus 120 mm Hg in the remaining INTERSALT centers; diastolic blood pressure in these four population samples averaged 63 versus 74 mm Hg in the 48 other centers. There was little or no upward slope of blood pressure with age; hypertension was present in only 5% of the rural Kenyan sample and virtually absent in the other three centers. Also in marked contrast with the rest of the centers was level of daily salt intake, as estimated by 24-hour urinary sodium excretion. Median salt intake ranged from under 1 g to 3 g daily versus more than 9 g in the rest of INTERSALT populations. Average body weight was also low in these four centers, with no or low average alcohol intake, again unlike the other centers. The association within these four centers between the above variables and blood pressure was low, possibly reflecting their limited variability. While several other INTERSALT centers also had low average body weight or low prevalence of alcohol drinking, when this was accompanied by much higher salt intake (7-12 g salt or 120-210 mmol sodium daily), hypertension prevalence ranged from 8% to 19%. These findings confirm previous reports that in populations with a low salt intake, there is little or no hypertension or rise of blood pressure with age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hypertension 1989 Sep
PMID:Blood pressure in four remote populations in the INTERSALT Study. 276 57

Placental ischemia is one of the etiological factors of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), however, the pathogenesis of placental and renal ischemia has not been clarified. The purposes of this investigation are (1) to clarify the fetomaternal hemodynamic changes in PIH and the influence of maternal postural change on fetomaternal hemodynamics, measured by thermodilution method, impedance cardiography and pulsed doppler method during pregnancy, (2) to provide to relationship between intrauterine resting tonus and maternal hemodynamics, that is, blood pressure, placental and renal blood flow measured by electromagnetic flowmeter and thermocouple method, and renal nerve activity, and (3) to study the influence of placental ischemia on vascular sensitivity to angiotensin II measured by Magnus method in animal experiment. (1) The increase in C.O and blood volume were recognized from the beginning of pregnancy to 24 GW, and subsequently, the decreasing tendency were found from about 32 GW to the onset of labor. However this decreasing tendency were subsided in the lateral position. These circulatory changes were observed in both normotensive and PIH cases, and especially, the decrease in C.O and blood volume in late pregnancy were more remarkable in PIH than that in normotensive pregnancy. From the results of Starling curve, left ventricular work was more hyperdynamic status in PIH than that in normotensive pregnancy, these results show that there are a compensatory mechanism against high vascular resistance in PIH. A/B (S/D) ratio in uterine artery, umbilical artery and fetal aorta were lowered in II-nd and III-rd trimester and more decreased in the lateral position from the supine position, on the other hand these ratio in PIH were elevated respectively. These results show that there are the aortocaval compression by the heavy tensive uterus and subsequent sluice flow mechanism in fetoplacental circulation in the supine position in late pregnancy. (2) These vascular compression were recognized very often in PIH accompanying with increasing in uterine resting tonus. It was recognized in pregnant rabbit that an increase in uterine resting tonus in the ovarian side caused an increasing blood pressure, a decrease in renal and placental blood flow and an increase in renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA). After resection of the suspensory ligament of ovarii, an increase in resting tonus in the ovarian side did not only cause an increase in RSNA, but also a decrease in renal blood flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical and experimental studies on the pathogenesis in pregnancy induced hypertension]. 325 61

A relationship between salt intake and blood pressure has been described in cross-sectional studies of several populations. However, serious methodological problems in many studies could have resulted in erroneous results. In the present studies, the blood pressure profiles of a Kenyan tribe have been shown to differ according to environment, being lower in rural and higher in urban communities. Although several factors could explain the observed blood pressure differences, dietary factors, including sodium and potassium intake, could be important determinants of the observed differences. A within-population study of 1,737 rural male subjects was carried out in which it was found that systolic and diastolic pressures correlated positively with urinary sodium/potassium ratios. In this rural group, within subject day-to-day variations in dietary electrolytes are small, as indicated from multiple urinary collections, and are less than those observed in Western societies. We have demonstrated in this rural population that causal samples of urine correlated well with average sodium and potassium excretion over a 7-day period. Preliminary results are reported of a longitudinal study of migrants from a low to a high blood pressure environment and a nonmigrant population. The blood pressure rise consequent to migration was related independently to changes in body weight and urinary electrolytes. The implications of these observations for active intervention studies are discussed.
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PMID:Salt and blood pressure in various populations. 620 41

Blood pressure (BP) and associated factors were determined in 1737 men in a remote Kenyan agricultural community. Systolic BP showed no significant rise with age until after 54 years; diastolic BP showed a small rise with age. Both systolic and diastolic BP correlated with weight independent of age. Systolic and diastolic BP correlated positively with casual urinary sodium/potassium and negatively with potassium/creatinine ratios. Both systolic and diastolic BP correlated significantly with the number of years of education, as did urinary sodium/potassium and sodium/creatinine ratios. Potassium/creatinine ratios were negatively correlated with the number of years of education. Blood pressure and urinary sodium/creatinine ratios were significantly lower in subsistence farmers compared with those in other occupations, and potassium/creatinine ratios were significantly higher. Two pilot studies of Luo tribesmen showed a strong correlation between casual urinary electrolyte ratios and those derived from 24-hour urine samples and a greater variance of sodium excretion between these people than that found within individuals. These results suggest that a relationship between BP and casual urine electrolyte estimations may be identifiable in communities where there is less day-to-day dietary variation. They also suggest that some of the changes in BP associated with urbanization could be mediated by changes in dietary electrolytes.
Hypertension
PMID:Blood pressure and associated factors in a rural Kenyan community. 633 33

The effects of placebo and of a spironolactone-althiazide combination in the treatment of twenty-two Kenyan Africans with hypertension were assessed using a double-blind technique. After a 2-week medication-free period, patients were randomly allocated to placebo or active treatment for 6 weeks then crossing over to the alternative medication for a further 6 weeks, reverting to the original medication for a final 6 weeks. 100 mg spironolactone plus 60 mg althiazide per day was found to produce greater falls in blood pressure when compared with the placebo periods, sometimes significantly. No serious side-effects were reported. Electrolytes remained within normal limits.
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PMID:The use of a spironolactone and althiazide combination (aldactacine) in the treatment of benign essential hypertension. 699 52

Computed tomography was performed on 14 unconscious Kenyan children recovering from cerebral malaria (seven of whom had another scan 12-120 days later) to elucidate the cause of intracranial hypertension and neurological sequelae. Brain swelling, defined as a loss of cerebrospinal fluid spaces, was documented in six children, while a further two had conspicuously small ventricles only. There was severe intracranial hypertension in the two children with definite brain swelling in whom intracranial pressure was monitored. There was no evidence of acute hydrocephalus or vasogenic oedema. Four children with brain swelling also had widespread low density areas suggestive of ischaemic damage. The patterns of damage were not uniform but were consistent with a critical reduction in cerebral perfusion pressure (which was documented in the two in whom this was monitored), hypoglycaemia, or status epilepticus. All four had serious neurological sequelae. These data suggest that brain injury in cerebral malaria may be due in part to secondary systemic and intracranial factors as well as to the direct effect of intravascular sequestration.
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PMID:Brain swelling and ischaemia in Kenyans with cerebral malaria. 818 59

At the beginning of this century, high blood pressure was virtually non-existent among the indigenous Kenyans. This phenomenon of normotension continued until the Second World War following which the Kenyan African began to exhibit progressive rise in blood pressure which was age-related. Similar changes were observed in Uganda at the same time. From about 25 years ago, high blood pressure became established in Kenya and the neighbouring countries, in particular Uganda. These trends have been observed in West Africa notably Ghana, Nigeria, Cote d'Ivoire and also in Cameroon and Zaire in the Central African region. Consumption of sodium salt and alcohol, psychological stress, obesity, physical inactivity and other dietary factors are thought to play important aetiologic role in the genesis of primary hypertension in the susceptible individuals. Low blood pressure communities still exist scattered all over the world, where blood pressure does not seem to rise with age. In Africa these have been observed in Kenya, Nigeria, Zaire and Kalahari Desert. They also exist in Pacific island, Australia, South America and elsewhere. Rural-urban migration coupled with acculturation and modernization trends have some relationship with the development of high blood pressure as observed in Kenyan and Ghanian epidemiologic studies.
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PMID:Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases in Africa with special reference to Kenya: an overview. 826 57

The mechanisms of death and neurologic sequelae in African children with cerebral malaria are undetermined. Because pathologic features are confined to the cerebral vasculature, perturbations in cerebral hemodynamics may be responsible. We compared the transcranial Doppler findings in 50 children with cerebral malaria with those of 115 conscious Kenyan children. In addition, 10 children with cerebral malaria were studied during intracranial pressure monitoring and nine children were studied during the agonal stages. In the children with cerebral malaria, cerebral blood flow velocity was increased in 30%, usually associated with seizures. Of the 11 children who developed neurologic sequelae, six had sonographic abnormalities associated with lateralizing deficits, including four children with hemiparesis (in two children the contralateral middle cerebral artery could not be insonated and two had transient increases in blood flow velocity associated with seizures). In the children with severe intracranial hypertension, there was a significant linear relationship between the cerebral perfusion pressure and blood flow velocity, suggesting that autoregulation was impaired. Sonographic features of progressive intracranial hypertension, were observed in three children with cerebral malaria who died. Perturbations of cerebral hemodynamics are associated with a poor outcome in Kenyan children with cerebral malaria.
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PMID:Perturbations of cerebral hemodynamics in Kenyans with cerebral malaria. 885


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