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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

beta-Adrenoceptor agonists and other drugs were studied for their relaxant effects on femoral and mesenteric arterial strips from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The potency and efficacy of isoproterenol (ISO) in these arteries were decreased in SHR before and during the development of hypertension as compared with age-matched Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). Reserpine and 6-hydroxydopamine inhibited the development of hypertension but did not alter the reduced ISO-induced relaxation of the arteries. These arteries from prehypertensive SHR (PHSHR) were less sensitive to salbutamol and cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP derivatives than arteries from age-matched WKY. The relaxation response to nitroprusside was less in the femoral but not in the mesenteric arteries from PHSHR than in arteries from age-matched WKY. The relaxation response to papaverine was not diminished in the PHSHR arteries. It was found that the SHR arteries had a reduced responsiveness to the beta-adrenoceptor agonists before the initiation of hypertension and that the diminished relaxation was not specific to the beta-agonists, although there was no generalized defect in vasorelaxation in PHSHR.
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PMID:Diminished beta-adrenoceptor-mediated relaxation of arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats before and during development of hypertension. 303 46

Hypersensitivity reactions to heparin preparations with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations have been reported frequently in the past, but are a rarity now. A 88 year old man was admitted for physical therapy of a collum femoris fracture. Treatment with a diuretic, Reserpine and Verapamil was continued. Chest x-ray revealed a large thoracic aortic aneurysm. From the 12th to the 18th day of low dose heparin prophylaxis with calcium heparin, 7500 U twice daily, at least eight attacks of asthma or cyanosis were observed, starting about two hours after heparin injection. The last attack began suddenly with wheezing, tachypnoea and cough and was associated with apprehension, a sudden blood pressure increase and severe cyanosis. Ventilation improved with oxygen and a beta 2-stimulator, but hypertension and cyanosis lasted for three hours. After discontinuation of heparin no further attacks occurred. Causes other then heparin could not be found. Despite the use of porcine mucosa heparin, avoidance of preservatives and use of low doses a hypersensitivity reaction occurred in our case. The delayed onset after preceding subcutaneous application as well as difficulties in separating the reaction from complications of underlying disease may delay heparin discontinuation.
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PMID:[Asthma attacks in low-dose preventive use of heparin in a male with femoral neck fracture and aortic aneurysm]. 366 60

Intrathecal injection of arginine vasopressin in rats at a dose as small as 10 ng produced dose-dependent hypertension and tachycardia. Pretreatment with the ganglionic blocking agent Ecolid, alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist phenoxybenzamine or the monoamine depleting agent reserpine blocked this effect without affecting intravenous vasopressin-induced hypertension. Intracerebroventricular injection of arginine vasopressin also induced hypertension and tachycardia, but 600 ng was needed. Ecolid and phenoxybenzamine also abolished this effect. Reserpine was not tested. It is concluded that both intrathecal and intracerebroventricular vasopressin-induced hypertension appears to be mediated by the sympathetic system and that the spinal cord is more sensitive than the supraspinal sites to vasopressin in regulating autonomic functions.
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PMID:New evidence for neuronal function of vasopressin: sympathetic mediation of intrathecal vasopressin-induced hypertension. 376 34

A retrospective chart analysis was conducted on all new elderly hypertensive patients referred to a community hypertension clinic who were being treated with either reserpine or alpha-methyldopa plus a diuretic. There were no significant differences between the two groups on entry in age, gender, co-morbid diagnoses, or systolic or diastolic blood pressure. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of side effects over three years, but the proportion of persons having compliance problems was significantly lower in the reserpine group. Mean diastolic pressures were significantly lower after one, two, and three years, and systolic pressures were lower after one and two years in the reserpine group. Reserpine is at least as effective as alpha-methyldopa in treating hypertension in the elderly and is associated with fewer problems in compliance.
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PMID:Comparison of the use of reserpine versus alpha-methyldopa for second step treatment of hypertension in the elderly. 396 65

1. Experimental hypertension in the rat, induced either by renal artery stenosis or by treatment with deoxycorticosterone acetate (DCA) developed maximally over a period of 8 weeks. In both types of hypertension the rate of development was unaffected by immunosympathectomy or by chemical sympathectomy following the administration of 6-hydroxydopamine.2. The effect of 6-hydroxydopamine on chronic renal hypertensive rats was to produce a hypotensive action of longer duration than when similarly administered to DCA-induced hypertensive or normotensive rats. Reserpine (5-10 mg/kg intraperitoneally) produced a more marked hypotensive effect on both types of hypertensive rats although it was of much shorter duration.3. It is concluded that experimental hypertension of renal origin or induced by DCA treatment can develop even though most of the sympathetic nervous system has been destroyed. The maintenance of chronic hypertension in these conditions may depend on the adrenal glands or a hormonal system as yet undetected.
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PMID:The contribution of the sympathetic nervous system to the development and maintenance of experimental hypertension in the rat. 542 76

The investigations were performed on 3 groups of untreated, spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats of the Okamoto line. All the rats in Group I developed arterial hypertension within 16 weeks of birth and 33 percent of them developed cataracts within 22 weeks. Reserpine application suppressed hypertension and cataract development in all the animals in Group II. After unilateral adrenalectomy and contralateral adrenal enucleation (Group III), hypertension and cataracts developed in both treated and untreated animals; in the former, however, blood pressure was about 10 percent higher and cataracts developed about 6 weeks earlier than in the untreated rats. These findings support the hypothesis that arterial hypertension may be involved in cataract development.
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PMID:[Development of hypertension and cataract in spontaneously hypertensive rats]. 663 77

Reserpine in different doses was assigned in random, double-blind fashion to 329 patients with mild to moderate hypertension who had not achieved normotension with chlorthalidone therapy alone. The additional reduction of BP averaged 11.0/10.4 mm Hg with chlorthalidone, 50 mg, plus reserpine, 0.25 mg (C 50+R 0.25); 9.5/9.4 mm Hg with C 50+R 0.125; 6.4/8.5 mm Hg with C 50+R 0.05; and 9.9/9.6 mm Hg with C 25+R 0.125. The percentage of patients in whom control was achieved at diastolic BP less than 90 mm Hg and at least 5 mm Hg below baseline with either chorthalidone alone or with reserpine added was 65% with C 50+R 0.25, 69% with C 50+R 0.125, 58% with C 50+R 0.05, and 56% with C 25+R 0.125. Side effects of lethargy and impotence noted by patients with the 0.05-mg dose of reserpine were only one third of those noted with the 0.25-mg dose, although the incidence of other side effects did not differ. These results indicate that hypertension in many persons can be controlled by less than customary doses of reserpine in combination with a diuretic.
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PMID:Low doses v standard dose of reserpine. A randomized, double-blind, multiclinic trial in patients taking chlorthalidone. 675 48

40 patients with essential hypertension were subjected to an analysis of efficacy and safety of the three-component-combination Briserin (Reserpine, Clopamide, Dihydroergocristine). After double-blind and randomized allocation, one group received the two constituents Reserpine/Clopamide, another the full combination Briserin and a third first Reserpine/Clopamide and Briserin afterwards. Both types of treatment proved equi-effective in terms of blood pressure reduction with the blood pressure values falling below 150/90 mm Hg within one week. The most important finding resided in the improved orthostatic tolerance due to Briserin. Maximal systolic pressure drop during standing and the tachycardia associated were significantly reduced by Briserin, i.e. by the influence of Dihydroergocristine. In addition, there was a corresponding difference in terms of subjective complaints due to orthostasis. The same held true for general symptoms related to hypertension such as headache, dizziness, undue tiredness and sleeplessness. Patients preferred treatment with Briserin as compared to the other regimen. The discussion deals with the clinical-pharmacological impact of the orthostatic regulation quality within the framework of antihypertensive treatment.
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PMID:[Hypertension therapy with Briserin: what role do dihydroergocristine components play?]. 679 82

A case is reported in which abrupt cessation of long term reserpine therapy for hypertension was followed by hallucinations and mania. Reserpine is thought to induce a denervation sensitivity to dopamine in the basal ganglia and chemotactic trigger zone in man and to catecholaminergic agents in the basal ganglia and mesolimbic system in animals. Conceivably, a parallel supersensitivity in the mesolimbic area could have occurred in this patient and accounted for the psychiatric symptoms. This supersensitivity and the possibility that it may, like tardive dyskinesia, be persistent should be considered when reserpine or similar drugs are used for prolonged periods.
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PMID:Reserpine withdrawal psychosis: the possible role of denervation supersensitivity of receptors. 709 68

The interaction of dopamine and angiotensin II (AII) on blood pressure and heart rate was studied in rats. The influence of reserpine pretreatment and vagotomy was also studied. Inbred rats anesthetized with urethane received intravenous (i.v.) doses of 50, 100, 200, or 400 micron g (per 100 g body weight) of dopamine HCI, before and after a single i.v. dose of 0.025 micron g of AII. The same doses of dopamine were tested in vagotomized rats and in rats pretreated with reserpine. The effect of dopamine alone on blood pressure was biphasic, since 16 of 38 rats showed an early fall followed by a later rise. The early fall decreased significantly with the dose and was absent with the highest dose tested (400 micron g). The late rise was observed in all experiments, and it increased significantly with the dose. Parallel to hypotension, a decrease of heart rate was observed, but both phenomena appeared not to be linked by a sauce-effect relationship. Vagotomy prevented both hypotension and bradycardia induced by dopamine. Angiotensin II inhibited the early fall and increased the late rise of blood pressure induced by dopamine but had no effect on the bradycardia. Reserpine retreatment prevented the hypotensive and enhanced the hypertensive response to dopamine, and in this situation dopamine induced cardiac arrhythmia. The interaction between dopamine and AII is inhibited by pretreatment with reserpine. The early hypotensive phase and bradycardia caused by dopamine appeared to be the consequence of a vagal reflex.
Hypertension
PMID:Enhancement of blood pressure response to dopamine by angiotensin II. 729 33


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