Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Effects of chronic treatment with propranolol or atenolol on stress-induced changes in blood pressure, body weight, and cerebral beta-adrenoceptors in rats were examined and compared with the effects of chronic treatment with prazosin. Immobilization stress (2 h daily for 2 weeks) induced a moderate elevation of blood pressure, loss of body weight gain, and downregulation of cerebral beta-adrenoceptors, but produced no changes in the cerebral alpha 1-adrenoceptors. Chronic administration of propranolol (5 or 50 mg.kg-1), atenolol (5 or 50 mg.kg-1) or prazosin (2 or 20 mg.kg-1) inhibited stress-induced hypertension but did not affect loss of body weight gain. Propranolol increased the density of cerebral beta-adrenoceptors by 77% and reduced the downregulation induced by stress. Atenolol also increased the density of cerebral beta-adrenoceptors by 34% and abolished the stress-induced downregulation in cerebral beta-adrenoceptor density. In contrast, prazosin had no effect on the cerebral beta-adrenoceptors in nonstressed or stressed rats. These results suggest that the antihypertensive action of propranolol and atenolol may be partly associated with the inhibition of stress-activated central beta-adrenoceptor transmission.
 ...
PMID:Effects of propranolol and atenolol on immobilization stress-induced hypertension and down-regulation of central beta-adrenoceptors in rats. 774 61

The primary objective in this multicentre, double-blind randomised, parallel study was to compare the metabolic effects of 12 months of treatment with an ACE inhibitor (enalapril) with those of a selective beta-blocker (atenolol) in patients with mild hypertension. The patients (35-69 years of age) were included if they were without antihypertensive drugs and after six months of nonpharmacological treatment had supine DBPs between 90 and 104 mmHg; 220 patients were randomised to enalapril (20 or 40 mg/day) and 218 to atenolol (50 or 100 mg/day). After 12 months of treatment, atenolol significantly increased the glucose concentrations at 60, 90 and 120 minutes after an oral intake of 75 g glucose (P < 0.01), while enalapril did not. Atenolol significantly increased fasting blood glucose and insulin concentration 120 minutes after glucose intake, while enalapril did not. Plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides increased significantly in patients having atenolol but not in those having enalapril. HDL cholesterol decreased significantly in the atenolol group but not in the enalapril group. The proportions of patients with clinical adverse experiences were similar in both treatment groups. These results indicate that enalapril does not influence either glucose tolerance or lipoprotein metabolism while atenolol does. These findings are consistent over the 12 month treatment period and confirm earlier short-term study results.
 ...
PMID:Different long-term metabolic effects of enalapril and atenolol in patients with mild hypertension. EGTA Group. 775 78

The effects of monotherapy with atenolol or diltiazem-SR on blood pressure, 24-h blood pressure (BP) load, and exercise capacity were tested in patients with mild to moderate (stages I and II) essential hypertension. After 3-week single-blind placebo therapy, patients with sitting diastolic blood pressure (SDBP) of 94-114 mmHg were randomized to atenolol 50 mg/day (62 patients) or diltiazem-SR 90 mg b.i.d. (60 patients) in a double-blind parallel study. Depending on SDBP response, the dose was increased to 100 mg/day for atenolol and 180 mg b.i.d. for diltiazem-SR. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure measurements and exercise tolerance test by the Bruce protocol were done at the end of placebo and active treatment. Compared with placebo, both atenolol and diltiazem-SR significantly decreased heart rate (HR), sitting systolic blood pressure (SSBP), SDBP, ambulatory BP, BP load for waking and sleeping hours, area under the BP curve, rate-pressure product (p < 0.001), and exercise time (NS). Atenolol exerted a greater effect on ambulatory BP, HR, rate-pressure product, waking diastolic BP load, and area under the 24-h BP curve. The drugs were well tolerated and caused no serious side effects necessitating discontinuation of treatment. These findings indicate that (1) monotherapy for hypertension with atenolol or diltiazem-SR is effective and well tolerated, (2) it decreases the 24-h BP load, (3) it does not interfere with exercise capacity.
 ...
PMID:Effects of atenolol and diltiazem-SR on exercise and pressure load in hypertensive patients. 786 40

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), diagnosed by ECG and echocardiography, is commonly associated with coronary heart disease. Hypertensive patients with LVH and myocardial ischaemia may be at particular risk. The prevalence of ischaemia in hypertensive LVH was addressed in THAMES (Tenormin in Hypertension and Myocardial Ischaemia Epidemiological Survey), which comprised 205 men with hypertension. Echocardiography revealed LVH (defined as a left ventricular mass index > or = 130 g m-2) in 140 patients (68%). Of these patients with LVH, myocardial ischaemia was diagnosed on exercise ECG testing in 24%, and by thallium scintigraphy in 14%. Although not proven, a logical approach would be to improve the prognosis by reversing LVH and reducing ischaemia. A recent meta-analysis has indicated that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are the most effective drugs in reversing LVH. But beta-blockers may still be a logical first choice of drug, because of their valuable anti-ischaemic properties.
 ...
PMID:Ischaemia and left ventricular hypertrophy. 790 44

1. The antagonist activity of atenolol, metoprolol and propranolol in the CNS was estimated by determining the extent to which the drugs occupy animal beta 1- and beta 2-receptors in CSF ex vivo at the time of lumbar puncture. 2. Five CSF and plasma samples were obtained 4 h after drug intake from subjects treated for hypertension with atenolol, 100 mg once daily and five from subjects treated with metoprolol, 50 mg three times daily. Twenty-four samples were obtained 1, 2, 4 or 12 h after drug intake from subjects receiving a single 40 mg dose of propranolol. 3. The receptor occupancy in the samples was determined by adding beta 1-receptors of rabbit lung and beta 2-receptors of rat reticulocytes into the samples and labeling the receptors with a nonselective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, (-)-[3H]-CGP-12177. 4. Atenolol and metoprolol occupied, as expected, larger fractions of beta 1- than beta 2-receptors in CSF and plasma samples. The receptor fraction occupied by atenolol in CSF was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that occupied by metoprolol. The differences in occupancy between the drugs in plasma, however, were not statistically significant. 5. Propranolol occupied larger fractions of beta 2- than beta 1-receptors in the samples. Although propranolol concentrations in CSF were only 1/20-1/40 of those in plasma, the receptor occupancy of propranolol in CSF was similar to that in plasma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Receptor occupancy in lumbar CSF as a measure of the antagonist activity of atenolol, metoprolol and propranolol in the CNS. 809 3

A total of 80 patients aged 34 to 65 years who suffered from stage-II hypertensive disease were followed up. The selective beta-adrenoblocker tenolol was used alone. Platelet hemostasis, cyclic nucleotides, thromboxane-prostacyclin system and blood rheological properties were examined. Tenolol was found to have a pronounced antihypertensive effect in the patients and to be beneficial in correcting impaired blood rheological properties and platelet homeostasis. It is concluded that the baseline blood rheological properties and the status of the hemostatic system largely determine the natural history of hypertension and the efficacy of therapy.
 ...
PMID:[Thrombocytic-vascular hemostasis and the rheological properties of the blood during the tenolol treatment of hypertension patients]. 810 55

The long-term efficacy and safety of amlodipine (2.5 to 10 mg) once daily was compared with that of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) (25 to 100 mg) daily in 139 patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension. The study was a randomized, open-label, parallel comparison of 50 weeks' duration. Patients were randomized in a 2:1 ratio (amlodipine n = 92: HCTZ n = 47). Atenolol was added at week 12 if monotherapy was inadequate. At week 12, the mean reductions for supine and standing systolic and diastolic blood pressure values with amlodipine were found to be -15.2/-12.3 mmHg and -14.0/-11.6 mmHg respectively, as compared to -15.5/-11.1 mmHg and -16.1/-10.1 mmHg after treatment with HCTZ. The percentage of patients responding to treatment at week 12 was 74% on amlodipine and 70% on HCTZ. The addition of atenolol in those patients not adequately controlled on monotherapy produced additional mean reductions in supine and standing systolic and diastolic pressures in both the amlodipine-atenolol group and in the HCTZ-atenolol group. The incidence of adverse effects was 47% with amlodipine and 26% with HCTZ at 12 weeks. Overall, six patients were discontinued because of side effects while receiving amlodipine monotherapy and one from the HCTZ monotherapy group; none were discontinued because of side effects on combination therapy. Laboratory test abnormalities were reported by 16% of amlodipine-treated patients compared with 63% of patients on HCTZ. The antihypertensive effects of amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide appeared to be comparable and were maintained during long-term therapy.
 ...
PMID:Long-term open evaluation of amlodipine vs hydrochlorothiazide in patients with essential hypertension. 815 May 46

Atenolol and bisoprolol, two beta-1-selective blockers, were compared in patients with mild and medium severe hypertension. Forty patients with a diastolic blood pressure of 95-115 mm Hg were two weeks after discontinuation of treatment divided at random into two groups treated with 50 mg atenolol and 5 mg bisoprolol. If the blood pressure was not affected by this dosage, the dose was raised to 100 mg atenolol and 10 mg bisoprolol. The blood pressure readings, heart rate, side effects of the drugs, laboratory and echocardiographic values were followed up for a period of three months. The authors recorded a marked decline of pressure and heart rate after the first week of therapy, the pressure readings in an upright position did not differ statistically from values in a sitting position, orthostatic hypotension was not recorded. The rate of success of bisoprolol was 85%, of atenolol 75%. During treatment no serious side-effects were observed. The biochemical parameters and echocardiographic values were not altered significantly by treatment. Atenolol and bisoprolol are two effective beta-1-selective blockers with a comparable effect in the treatment of mild and medium severe hypertension. They are useful in monotherapy as well as in combination with other antihypertensive drugs. In hypertension associated with diabetes mellitus, incipient bronchopulmonary disease and pregnancy they are also indicated. They are well tolerated also by elderly patients, an advantage of bisoprolol may be that it has a smaller impact on pressure and heart rate during the night.
 ...
PMID:[Atenolol and bisoprolol in the treatment of mild and moderately severe hypertension]. 821 7

A group of 1592 male Croatian soldiers (average age 32 +/- 9, ranging from 19 to 54) were examined by an internist at the war hospital. Elevated blood pressure was found in 80 men (5%); 61 of them had no history of hypertension (Group A), while in 19 patients hypertensive disease had been diagnosed before (Group B). In group A, systolic blood pressure (BPS in mm Hg), diastolic blood pressure (BPD in mm Hg) and heart rate (HR) were 182 +/- 13, 111 +/- 10, and 115 +/- 9; in group B, the values were 184 +/- 12, 108 +/- 8, 85 +/- 11. Electrocardiograms (ECG) and thorax roentgenograms of group A did not reveal any hypertension-caused signs, neither did the examination of the fundus, nor the serum creatinine values yield any abnormal results. The ECG test showed sinus tachycardia (heart rate > 100/min) but an otherwise normal function in group A. In group B, at least one of the laboratory examinations confirmed the previously diagnosed hypertension. Group A was treated with the cardioselective beta-blocker Atenolol (100 mg daily), while in group B, the previous antihypertensive medication was modified and/or increased. All patients were sent back to the front-line. Three days later, blood pressure and heart rate in group A were: BPS 139 +/- 9, BPD 87 +/- 6 and HR 77 +/- 8; and in group B: 156 +/- 11, 95 +/- 8, 75 +/- 7. A significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.0001) was found in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Hyperdynamic beta-adrenergic syndrome among Croatian soldiers engaged in battle. 831 Jul 2

The effectiveness and tolerance of Corotenol of Mepha Co. was investigated in two studies under conditions of common ambulatory practice of specialists in internal medicine and general practitioners in patients suffering from mild to moderate hypertension and/or ischaemic heart disease. A surprising finding was a high percentage of patients with an inadequately controlled blood pressure before enlistment into the study. During regular check-up examinations already after two weeks a marked reduction or normalization of the blood pressure, was recorded, in the majority of patients. The author assumes that in addition to the effectiveness of the administered drug the marked improvement of the patients is due to better collaboration of the patients and adherence to the prescribed dosage and lifestyle.
 ...
PMID:[Corotenol, its effectiveness and tolerance in light of new studies]. 868 95


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10