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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Atenolol (A) and enalapril (E), two agents widely used as first-line monotherapy in arterial hypertension, have never been compared in their potency and duration of action by using 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Twelve out-patients (mean age 48.6 years - SD 7) with mild-to-moderate hypertension and supine diastolic blood pressure (Hawksley Random Zero Manometer) greater than 100 mmHg at the end of a 3-week placebo wash-out received, in double-blind and random order, A 100 mg daily, E 20 mg daily and placebo for 4 weeks each, according to a 3 x 3 latin square design. A 24-hour non-invasive ABPM (Spacelabs ICR 5200) was performed at the end of each of the 3 periods. In respect to placebo, both A and E produced a 24-h antihypertensive effect. The frequency of diastolic blood pressure values above 90 mmHg was 50.0% after placebo, 24.5% after A and 28.9% after E (a 51% reduction after A and a 42.3% reduction after E in respect to placebo - both p less than .05). Systolic blood pressure profiles differed less than 5 mmHg between placebo and A, as well as between placebo and E, between 9:30 and 10:30. Diastolic blood pressure profiles differed less than 5 mmHg between placebo and A over 2 h (between 2:30 and 3:30, and between 10:30 and 11:30), and between placebo and E over 2 other h (between 9:30 and 10:30, and between 11:30 and 12:30). None of the routine hematochemical parameters differed between placebo, A and E.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Duration of the antihypertensive action of atenolol, enalapril and placebo: a randomized within-patient study using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. 285 16

A randomized cross-over trial was undertaken on 21 occupationally active persons who had a stable mild or moderate hypertension with the purpose of comparing the effect of a beta-adreno-receptor blocking agent (atenolol) with that of a calcium channel inhibitor (nifedipine). The doses recommended by the manufactures were used. Atenolol (100 mg) given once a day resulted in a marked hypotensive effect at rest as well as during exercise, the compliance was satisfactory, and the hemodynamic changes were not reflected in unfavourable side effects during muscular exercise or in the subjects own personal assessment of fatigue during the exercise tests which ranged in energy expenditure from about three to six times the resting level. However, unfavourable, modest side effects occurred in two subjects during atenolol medication to the extent that they wanted to terminate the study. Nifedipine therapy with doses of 10 mg, three times a day, resulted in a modest, but statistically insignificant reduction in arterial blood pressure, which contrasts with previous published results. It is suggested that the modest effect is caused or related to the poor compliance and a daily dose that was quantitatively too small. No unfavourable side effects were seen during muscular efforts when the subjects were on nifedipine medication.
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PMID:Working ability and exercise tolerance during treatment of a mild hypertension. I. Comparison between a beta-adreno-receptor blocking drug and a calcium antagonist. 286 20

We compared the effects of relaxation therapy in hypertensive patients taking placebo, a beta-blocker (atenolol, 100 mg/d), or a diuretic (chlorthalidone, 50 mg/d), and we also compared the effects of relaxation therapy with the effects of the latter two drugs alone. Blood pressures were measured not only in the relaxation therapists' office and at a hypertension clinic, but also in the patient's environment by means of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure recordings. The effect of relaxation therapy, while statistically significant, was modest. There was no generalization of effect to ambulatory blood pressure. Atenolol was significantly more effective than relaxation in reducing both systolic and diastolic pressure. Chlorthalidone was significantly more effective than relaxation in reducing systolic but not diastolic pressure in the hypertension clinic only. The long-term effects of relaxation were independent of concomitant drug use, but within the actual relaxation sessions blood pressure dropped further during chlorthalidone than during placebo or atenolol treatment.
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PMID:Relaxation therapy for hypertension. Comparison of effects with concomitant placebo, diuretic, and beta-blocker. 287 44

A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover investigation in 12 patients with non-asthmatic chronic obstructive lung disease and co-existing stable angina pectoris was done to compare two beta 1-selective adrenoceptor blocking agents, atenolol 100 mg and bisoprolol 20 mg. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP, DBP), heart rate (HR) as well as airway resistance (AWR, and less frequently forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and intrathoracic gas volume (ITGV) were measured in the sitting position before and at various times up to 24 h after drug intake. During the first 4 h both beta-blockers produced a significant reduction in HR in comparison to placebo (p less than 0.01). Atenolol 100 mg significantly increased AWR relative to placebo and bisoprolol (p less than 0.05). After 24 h, a significant reduction in HR (p less than 0.01) could only be demonstrated after bisoprolol, whereas atenolol alone led to a significant elevation in AWR relative to placebo and bisoprolol (p less than 0.05) at that time. It is concluded that bisoprolol appears to have a high degree of beta 1-selectivity, thus providing a wide split between beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptor blockade. Bisoprolol in its therapeutic dose range is expected to be relatively safe as regards bronchoconstriction in patients suffering both from hypertension and/or angina pectoris and chronic obstructive lung disease.
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PMID:Effects of single oral doses of bisoprolol and atenolol on airway function in nonasthmatic chronic obstructive lung disease and angina pectoris. 287 33

A double-blind study of the effect of three beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs (beta-blockers) on exercise muscle blood flow (MBF) in 14 normotensive volunteers was carried out. MBF was measured by the xenon-133 clearance technique. MBF was not altered by placebo, sotalol or labetalol. Atenolol significantly reduced MBF compared with placebo, sotalol and labetalol. We conclude that sotalol and labetalol may be more useful than conventional beta-blockers for treatment of hypertension or angina in association with peripheral vascular disease.
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PMID:Comparison of the effects of atenolol, sotalol and labetalol on muscle blood flow in man. 288 Mar 41

Hypertensive diseases of pregnancy are clinically important because they can adversely influence the health and life of both mother and baby. Hypertensive disease is the commonest cause of maternal mortality in England and Wales, accounting for 20.4% of maternal deaths. It is depressing to note that most, if not all, of these deaths are preventable. Three broadly different kinds of hypertension can be identified as potential complications of pregnancy: chronic hypertension, pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and pre-eclampsia. Where chronic hypertension is treated with methyldopa and PIH is treated with atenolol, there is evidence that therapy is beneficial in terms of immediate pregnancy outcome and is not harmful to the child. Atenolol is currently being evaluated in combination with nifedipine to treat cases of early onset of severe pre-eclampsia, and preliminary results are encouraging. Prevention rather than cure should be the aim in managing hypertensive diseases during pregnancy. Early intervention can prevent serious problems later on.
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PMID:Hypertension in pregnancy. 288 12

Fifty adult men with mild to moderate hypertension were recruited to participate in a double-blind crossover study. Each subject received 14 days of drug treatment and 14 days of placebo treatment (random order). Half the subjects were assigned to a metoprolol (150 mg/day) vs placebo treatment regimen and half to an atenolol (100 mg/day) vs placebo regimen. Blood pressure levels as well as measures of simple (proofreading), intermediate (visual-motor task), and complex (management simulation) task performance were obtained at the end of the drug and placebo treatment periods. Metoprolol treatment generated better scores than did placebo or atenolol treatment for proofreading, visual-motor performance, and several measures of complex managerial competence. Atenolol treatment generally resulted in performance levels that did not differ from those observed with placebo. However, atenolol-treated subjects made more errors than did placebo-treated subjects in the visual-motor task and also showed some deterioration on one measure of complex managerial functioning.
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PMID:Impact of beta-blockade on complex cognitive functioning. 289 90

Doxazosin is a selective alpha 1-inhibitor for the reduction of calculated coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in hypertensive patients. Atenolol, although a widely used beta-blocker, appears to adversely affect blood lipids by increasing triglycerides and decreasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The aim of our study was to compare doxazosin and atenolol for their therapeutic efficacy in reducing CHD risk (decrease in blood pressure and effect on lipid distribution) and toleration. Patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension were randomized into two groups of 20 patients to receive once-daily atenolol (100 mg) or doxazosin (2 to 8 mg) for 8 weeks. Doxazosin was as effective as atenolol in reducing supine and standing blood pressure. Unlike atenolol, doxazosin did not produce a marked bradycardia. Doxazosin therapy produced favorable modifications in plasma lipid profiles by decreasing triglycerides and total cholesterol and by increasing HDL cholesterol and HDL/total cholesterol ratio. A reverse in this lipid profile was seen with atenolol. Therefore doxazosin may reduce calculated CHD risk more effectively than atenolol, based on the Framingham equation.
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PMID:Doxazosin versus atenolol: a randomized comparison of calculated coronary heart disease risk reduction. 290 53

Doxazosin, a quinazoline derivative, is a selective alpha 1-inhibitor that reduces calculated coronary heart disease risk by lowering blood pressure while favorably affecting blood lipid levels. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and toleration of doxazosin with atenolol, one of the most frequently used cardioselective beta-blockers in Italy. Forty patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension were treated with either atenolol (100 mg) or doxazosin (mean dose, 3.3 mg) once daily for 8 weeks. Both drugs significantly reduced supine and standing systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Atenolol induced marked bradycardia, whereas doxazosin had very little effect on heart rate. Doxazosin produced a favorable effect on blood lipid levels by decreasing triglyceride and total cholesterol levels and increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein total cholesterol ratio. Atenolol had exactly the opposite effect on blood lipid levels. Both drugs had equivalent toleration profiles. It was concluded that doxazosin was as effective as atenolol in reducing elevated supine and standing blood pressures. In addition, doxazosin had a beneficial effect on lipid profiles and minimal effect on heart rate. Therefore doxazosin may reduce calculated coronary heart disease risk in hypertensive patients.
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PMID:A comparative study of doxazosin versus atenolol in mild-to-moderate hypertension. 290 54

Hypertension and diabetes mellitus frequently coexist and are independent risk factors for reduced peripheral perfusion. Antihypertensive medications that reduce blood pressure and improve peripheral perfusion would have advantages in diabetic hypertensive patients. In a randomized, two-placebo-period, single-blind, two-way, crossover study, finger and forearm blood flow, lipid levels, and blood pressure control were determined in 19 diabetic hypertensive patients given prazosin and atenolol, with each drug and placebo period lasting four weeks. Both drugs reduced blood pressure (sitting, 157/95 to 142/84 mm Hg for atenolol and 155/95 to 138/82 mm Hg for prazosin; standing, 154/94 to 144/84 mm Hg for atenolol and 154/94 to 133/81 mm Hg for prazosin). Lipid levels did not change, except that low-density lipoprotein levels decreased from 148 to 127 mg/dl with prazosin. Atenolol did not change forearm or finger blood flow or vascular resistance. Prazosin increased blood flow and reduced vascular resistance in both finger and forearm. In conclusion, prazosin demonstrated a potentially more appropriate hemodynamic profile than atenolol in diabetic hypertensive patients in this study.
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PMID:Forearm and finger hemodynamics, blood pressure control, and lipid changes in diabetic hypertensive patients treated with atenolol and prazosin. A brief report. 291 73


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