Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. A scheme for augmented spontaneous reporting of adverse drug events using advanced view data systems was developed and applied to study 67,698 consecutive patients prescribed captopril in general practice for the treatment of hypertension. 2. Captopril was an effective hypotensive agent in this population, as only 1.9% of patients were withdrawn because of apparent inefficacy. 3. Adverse effects of captopril resulted in withdrawal of treatment in 8.9% of recipients, and such effects were more frequent in elderly and female recipients. 4. Skin reactions--usually maculopapular rashes--tended to occur early during therapy whereas cough occurred much later and was reported more frequently in non-smokers. 5. Some 1.1% of recipients died during follow-up. There was no evidence of any unusual or unexpected causes of death which might be partially or totally captopril-related in the study cohort. 6. The study confirms the feasibility of large scale postmarketing surveillance studied in general practice and allowed risk benefit assessments to be made on the use of captopril for treating hypertension.
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PMID:Postmarketing surveillance of captopril for hypertension. 138 46

Captopril, an inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme is widely used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. It contains active sulfhydryl group and shares other structural feature with cysteine, the main substrate of glutathione. Experiments were undertaken to examine the effect of captopril on concentration of endogenous glutathione in the liver and to examine the ability of captopril to protect against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. Single doses of captopril (30 mg/kg) given to male Sprague-Dawley rats produced a significant time dependent depletion of hepatic glutathione: at 3 h--16% (controls--10% as the effect of fasting; p less than 0.02), at 5 h--25% (controls--17%; p less than 0.02). Pretreatment of rats with single doses of captopril (30 mg/kg) 2 hours prior to administration of toxic doses of paracetamol (2500 mg/kg) produced a significant depletion of hepatic glutathione level as compared with animals without pretreatment with captopril (median: 2.95 mumol/g liver and 3.50 mumol/g liver, respectively; p less than 0.01). This was not accompanied by a difference in the hepatotoxic effect of paracetamol as assessed by histological staging of necrosis. Studies on covalent binding of paracetamol showed that neither captopril at the doses 30 mg/kg, nor penicillamine (20 mg/kg) affected covalent binding of paracetamol metabolites to cell protein. The results suggest that captopril despite its structural similarity to cysteine depletes hepatic glutathione level and does not protect against paracetamol hepatotoxicity.
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PMID:[Effect of captopril on glutathione level in the liver and paracetamol-induced liver damage in rats]. 140 91

Using the nuclear medicine procedures it is possible to evaluate the renovascular hypertension via the captopril test. Decreased renal blood flow due to stenotic vessel may produce a variety of findings on the renogram using both OIH-I131 and DTPA-Tc99m. Delayed transit time and excretion also may be detected. In this situation the sensitivity and specificity of Nuclear Medicine for RAS detection is very low. Using Captopril test is possible to detect enhanced modification on the shape of renogram due to Angiotensin Converting enzyme inhibition.
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PMID:[Diagnostic imaging in renal vascular diseases: old and new ways. Role of nuclear medicine]. 141 90

Captopril, the competitive inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme, has proved efficient in the treatment of arterial hypertension and heart failure. Its use is generally associated with low incidence of adverse reactions and hepatic injury has not been emphasized as an important adverse reaction in Denmark. However worldwide, several cases of hepatic injury have been reported. We report one case of Captopril-induced hepatic injury. Despite discontinuation of Captopril a hepatorenal syndrome developed and the patient died five weeks after admission. This report emphasizes the need to be aware of the possibility of hepatic injury in patients receiving Captopril.
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PMID:[Captopril-induced toxic hepatitis]. 141 40

This study evaluates the prognostic value of captopril renal scintigraphy in hypertensive patients undergoing renal artery revascularization. Preoperative studies of 51 patients were correlated with blood pressure results at 6- and 12-mo follow-up. Captopril-renal scintigraphy was carried out 1 hr after oral administration of 50 mg of captopril, using either 220 MBq of 99mTc-DTPA or 74 MBq of 99mTc-MAG3, followed by a baseline study in case of abnormal results. Evidence of amelioration or normalization in relation to captopril study was considered predictive of blood pressure control following treatment. Blood pressure response was favorable in 37 patients, but failed to show any improvement in 14. The scintigraphic test was positive in 33 patients (15 cured, 17 improved, 1 failed) and negative in 18 (3 cured, 2 improved, 13 failed). Sensitivity and specificity for renovascular hypertension was 86.5% and 93%, respectively. For blood pressure cure and improvement, the test had positive and negative predictive values of 97% and 72%, respectively. A positive preoperative captopril renal scintigraphic result is a strong predictor of hypertension curability by renal artery revascularization.
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PMID:Prognostic value of captopril renal scintigraphy in renovascular hypertension. 143 71

Captopril is a suitable drug to treat high blood pressure in diabetic patients. This Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEI) is a vasodilator without tachycardia and saline retention. Furthermore, captopril is one of antihypertensive drugs with less adverse effects. It does not induce metabolic changes, improves glucose tolerance and brake the evolution of renal insufficiency. About 50-60% of patients are under control (DBP < 90 mmHg) with captopril monotherapy. In the present paper, were included 64 women and 16 men with diabetes mellitus and mild-moderate hypertension, I-II phase WHO. The average age (mean +/- S.D.) was 66.6 +/- 9.2 years. All patients were treated with 25 mg/12 h of captopril, for one month. If blood pressure was not under control, captopril treatment enhanced to 50 mg/12 h during second month. After this period of two months, patients under control were got out of this study. 37 patients (46.25%) needed a second drug. In randomized form, 20 patients associated 25 mg HCTZ one time a day (CAP + HCTZ); and 17 patients associated 20 mg/12 h of nifedipine retard (CAP + NIF). The study continued for 4 months more. Both treatments reduced blood pressure in significant form without changes statistical significant in the heart rate, weight, glycemia, cholesterol, triglycerides, c-HDL, uric acid, creatinine, Na+ and K+ blood levels. CAP + HCTZ controlled (DBP < 90 mHg) 85% and CAP + NIF 81.25% of patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Captopril + hydrochlorothiazide versus captopril + nifedipine in the treatment of arterial hypertension in diabetes mellitus type II]. 143 67

Captopril is widely used in severe hypertension. Oral administration takes one-two hours to achieve a maximum effect and is not useful in hypertensive crisis. Few reports describe a more rapid effect on blood pressure following sublingual administration. We evaluated the effect of sublingual captopril 50 mg, in 26 patients with hypertensive crisis. Blood pressure levels started to decrease within 10 minutes and the maximum effect was observed 30 minutes after administration of the tablet. In all patients mean (CI 95%) systolic blood pressure dropped from 202.5 (199-206) mmHg to 160.6 (156-165) mmHg and diastolic blood pressure from 105.6 (102-109) mmHg to 86.9 (83-7-90.1) mmHg. This effect was maintained over two hours. There were no side effects. Sublingual captopril is highly effective in hypertensive crisis and its gradual hypotensive action avoid dangerous abrupt fall in blood pressure.
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PMID:[Sublingual captopril in hypertensive crises]. 143 19

Sodium ions outflow rate through lymphocyte membranes, serum sodium, potassium, aldosterone, total catecholamines and 6-keto-PGE alpha levels, and plasma renin activity were studied in patients with mild hypertension associated with low and hugh plasma renin activity treated with captopril in a single dose of 12.3 mg and after the treatment with daily doses of 12.5 mg and 25 mg for 3 days. It was found, that captopril in hypertensive patients with high plasma renin activity decreases both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, decelerates heart rate, and decreases serum total catecholamines and plasma renin activity. Sodium ions outflow rate and serum sodium, potassium, aldosterone, and 6-keto-PGE alpha remain unchanged. Captopril in hypertensive patients with low plasma renin activity. The remaining parameters are unchanged. Moreover, it was noted that serum 6-keto-PGE alpha levels are lower in hypertensive patients with low plasma renin activity.
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PMID:[Sodium outflow rate through lymphocyte cell membranes, serum levels of sodium, potassium, aldosterone, total catecholamines, 6-keto- PGF2alpha and plasma renin activity in patients with primary arterial hypertension treated with captopril]. 148 34

We have evaluated the effect of oral captopril versus a combination of oral reserpine and frusemide in the treatment of 20 children with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APGN) with hypertension. Captopril produced a significantly greater reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in both the standing and supine positions than reserpine + frusemide at 0.75, 1, 1.25, 8, 24, 48 and 72 h after initiating treatment. Neither postural hypotension nor reflex tachycardia accompanied the therapeutic effect of captopril. Blood urea, serum creatinine and creatinine clearance did not change significantly after therapy in either study group. Three days after initiating treatment, the 24 h urinary catecholamine output increased significantly in children who received captopril but did not change in children treated with frusemide and reserpine.
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PMID:Evaluation of captopril versus reserpine and frusemide in treating hypertensive children with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. 151 58

A double-pediatric kidney transplant recipient, who developed hypertension, was found to have unilateral renal artery stenosis. The stenosis was successfully assessed by single-dose 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid renal scintigraphy, confirmed by renal arteriography, and treated by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. This case illustrates the usefulness of Captopril-enhanced renography in screening en-bloc transplant patients suspected for renal vascular hypertension.
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PMID:Renal artery stenosis in en-bloc pediatric renal transplant: demonstration by captopril-enhanced renal scintigraphy. 153 Oct 73


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