Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Minoxidil was given to 16 men with hypertension of various degrees of severity, in conjunction with a diuretic and atenolol. Mean supine and standing blood pressures (BP) on diuretic + atenolol were 172/106 and 162/104 mm Hg, respectively. Minoxidil was added and the dose titrated to lower the diastolic pressure to less than 90 mm Hg. All drugs were taken together once daily. At the end of a maintenance period of 6 months on an average dose of minoxidil of 12 mg (range 2.5 to 20.0 mg), supine BP was 147/87 and standing BP 139/88 mm Hg. Similar BP had been measured throughout the maintenance period, and monitoring of the BP showed that the once daily regimen provided good control for 24 h. A strong correlation was found between the dose of minoxidil necessary to normalize the BP and the mean arterial pressure prior to minoxidil (r = 0.73, P less than 0.005). Serious adverse effects of the drug were observed only in patients receiving doses greater than 10 mg or those with widespread atherosclerosis, or both. We conclude that, when added to a diuretic and a beta-blocker in a once-a-day regimen, minoxidil in a daily dose of less than or equal to 10 mg is effective and well tolerated in mild to moderate hypertension, especially in patients who are free of atherosclerotic complications.
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PMID:Once-a-day triple therapy with low-dose minoxidil for moderate hypertension. 374 83

Using the formulae of Fazio and coworkers, the regional extravascular lung water per blood volume and flow was calculated in normal volunteers, in patients with left heart failure, sarcoidosis, allergic alveolitis and pneumonia. The double-isotope technique was used. 113mIn-chloride was intravascular tracer and 123I-antipyrine extravascular tracer. They were injected intravenously as rapid bolus. The activity in the lungs was detected with gamma camera and the time-activity curves were generated with PDP-Gamma-11 computer system. Mean transit times were calculated using two different mathematical handlings of the dilution curves, with gamma fitting parameters and by the area-per-height method. The latter method gave mean transit times about double those calculated with gamma fitting parameters, because the peripheral injection decreased the peak height. Therefore, the area per height method to calculate mean transit times by peripheral injection was found to be inaccurate. The control group consisted of 16 healthy adults. In two subjects repeated studies were made in one week. Their individual, regional extravascular lung water values varied somewhat, but were on second examination found to be between the range of the values found from the first examination. The regional extravascular lung water values in patient groups were correlated with corresponding clinical, laboratory and roentgenographic findings. The values for extravascular water discussed on the next page are calculated only by means of transit times with gamma fitting parameters, although the extravascular water values determined by the area-per-height method also significantly increased in patients compared to the control group. The cardiac group consisted of 52 patients, of whom 23 had clinically compensated and 29 decompensated left heart failure. Regional extravascular lung water significantly increased in patients with decompensated heart failure when compared to patients with compensated heart failure. The cardiac group was also divided into three subgroups after radiological grading of pulmonary venous hypertension. Between GR I (n = 17) without signs of venous hypertension and GR II (n = 18) with signs of venous congestion no significant differences in regional extravascular lung water were found. However, in GR I and GR II the values for regional extravascular water increased when compared to the control group, which is probably due to increased perfusion of vessels or increased blood volume in these cardiac patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Measurement of regional extravascular lung water using the double indicator-dilution isotope technique. 391 68

New techniques of digital image processing have been experimentally tested for the assessment of renal blood flow. The underlying principle in functional angiography is the extraction of flow parameters. Basically, density-time variations of the contrast medium are analyzed from each picture element of a 256 X 256 matrix. The real-time acquisition rate of images was 25/sec. For the calculation of angiographic flow a PDP 11/40 computer was used to interactively perform a time dependent segmentation of the renal arteries and the aorta. Subsequently, volume flow was calculated in relative units for the specific vascular segments under study. 15 control angiograms were made in 5 animals with cardiac output ranging between 0.8 to 2.2 l/min. Unilateral renal blood flow was calculated as 24 +/- 3.4% of pre-renal aortic flow without systematic side differences. Reproducibility from repeated flow measurements showed an SD of +/- 1.8% of the individual pre-renal aortic flow. Renal flow was also measured in 3 animals with an experimentally created 50% flow reduction of the left kidney. Angiographic flow in the left renal artery dropped to 12 +/- 2% of pre-renal flow. The present experimental data suggest that digital angiography has sufficient diagnostic capabilities for the detection of abnormal renal blood flow. The technique may serve as a useful diagnostic adjunct to conventional angiography and has the potential of assisting in the evaluation of renal vascular hypertension.
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PMID:[Experimental measurements of renal circulation using digital functional angiography]. 405 40

Minoxidil is a potent, long-acting, orally effective vasodilator that recently became available for general use in the United States. It is given with a diuretic and a beta-blocking drug to treat severe hypertension that cannot be controlled by conventional therapy. Fluid retention and hypertrichosis are the most common adverse reactions.
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PMID:Evaluation of a new antihypertensive agent. Minoxidil. 610 68

Minoxidil is an orally active vasodilator for treatment of severe hypertension. In combination with diuretics and beta-adrenergic blocking agents, it is effective treatment for more than 80% of patients whose blood pressure has been inadequately controlled with combinations of other been inadequately controlled with combinations of other antihypertensive drugs. Major adverse reactions include reflex activation of the adrenergic nervous system, renal sodium retention, and hypertrichosis. Despite the possibility of adverse reactions, minoxidil is indicated in patients whose blood pressure cannot be controlled with conventional therapy, in persons with major adverse reactions to other drugs, and in patients who are candidates for bilateral nephrectomy for control of hypertension.
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PMID:Minoxidil. 610 37

Twenty patients with hypertension refractory to conventional therapy were treated with minoxidil in combination with a diuretic and a beta-blocker. The mean supine initial blood pressure was 207/128 mm Hg, and the end-treatment pressure was 155/89 mm Hg. Five of the 7 patients with essential hypertension were adequately controlled, as were 8 of the 9 patients with renal failure and all 4 patients with renovascular hypertension. Thus, the overall controll rate was 85%. The duration of treatment ranged from 1 to 30 months, and the minoxidil dosage ranged from 5 to 60 mg/dry electrocardiographic changes characterized by T-wave inversion after starting minoxidil. These changes were reversible in 4 patients. Minoxidil was found to be an effective antihypertensive drug in these patients with refractory hypertension.
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PMID:Treatment of refractory hypertension with minoxidil. 615 45

Minoxidil in combination with propranolol and diuretics was used in the treatment of 41 patients with severe refractory hypertension due to a spectrum of causes. These etiologies included essential hypertension, advanced renal failure, renovascular hypertension, and kidney transplant rejection. All patients had evidence of renal and cardiac damage prior to therapy and had failed to respond to all standard medications. The study included patients treated for periods of 3--42 months. Forty of the 41 patients responded most impressively to this therapy. Minoxidil was given in a dose of 7.5--40 mg daily. No tolerance to minoxidil was observed. Side effects were minimal. Three myocardial infarcts were observed. Two of these patients had had previous infarcts. One patient suffered a fatal cerebrovascular accident after he had deliberately stopped all medications. Nine patients showed sodium retention, which was easily controlled in 8 cases. Mild hirsutism was occasionally seen. Mean serum creatinine levels showed a slight decrease in the essential hypertension group after treatment. Best long-term results were seen in the essential hypertension and renovascular groups, although several cases with advanced renal disease and with kidney transplant rejection hypertension showed very impressive and encouraging outcomes.
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PMID:Minoxidil in the treatment of refractory hypertension due to a spectrum of causes. 615 48

Minoxidil, an orally effective vasodilator, was successful in lowering blood pressure in 10 patients with systemic diseases complicated by hypertension refractory to medical management. Follow-up was for periods up to 58 months. In patients not requiring dialysis prior to therapy, renal function was preserved, and in patients on dialysis, bilateral nephrectomy was avoided. Although sodium retention and reflex tachycardia were common, they were managed by beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol and diuresis with furosemide. Results did not differ qualitatively or quantitatively from those achieved in 31 refractory hypertensives without systemic illness. Pharmacologic studies performed on hemodialysis in a patient with polyarteritis revealed a dialysis clearance of 14C-labeled minoxidil of 48 ml/min. Venous minoxidil concentrations decreased by 32% across six single dialysis treatments. Nineteen percent of the administered dose was recovered in the feces, an increased fraction compared to normal subjects.
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PMID:Efficacy of minoxidil in the treatment of severe hypertension in systemic disorders. 615 49

Minoxidil was used to treat 112 patients with severe and refractory hypertension during a period of 8 years. The drug was highly effective and resistant cases were distinctly unusual. We reported here 4 such cases. In 2, the patients showed no response to large doses, even when minoxidil was combined with other drugs. In the third, a patient with severe gastrointestinal abnormalities could not retain the drug. No proof exists that if it had been given parenterally it would not have been effective. The last case is of a patient with obstructive cardiomyopathy (IHSS) who reponded well to minoxidil. Because of the vasodilator's profound effect on the cardiovascular system, changes in this patient's hemodynamics occurred which made fluid retention and cardiomegaly intolerable. Patients with severe obstructive cardiomyopathy should be considered for therapy with a strong vasodilator only with caution and with the awareness that fluid retention may be disproportionately large.
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PMID:Unusual cases of resistance to minoxidil therapy. 615 59

Captopryl was used in 30 patients with different clinical forms of arterial hypertension (AH). Eight patients had the malignant arterial hypertension syndrome. Blood pressure became normal in 8, decreased in 9 and did not respond to hypotensive treatment in 2 patients. The drug was discontinued due to intolerance in 1 patient. In the course of captopryl treatment, natriuresis increased, potassium concentration increased in the plasma and decreased in the urine, plasma renin activity and aldosterone level increased. Minoxidil was used in 48 patients with AH of varying clinical forms, 19 of those having the malignant AH syndrome. The hypotensive effect of treatment was satisfactory. Minoxidil used as the sole therapeutic agent resulted in increased heart rate and plasma renin activity, and retention of fluids, which disappeared after beta-adrenoblockers and diuretics were added. Patients with the malignant hypertension syndrome showed a reduction, and sometimes disappearance, of retinal ischemic and hemorrhagic foci within 15-19 days of minoxidil treatment, or at the end of the treatment course with captopryl.
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PMID:[Use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril and peripheral vasodilator minoxidil in the treatment of patients with stable and malignant arterial hypertension]. 632 45


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