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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Takayasu arteritis is a common cause of renovascular hypertension in India. Sensitization to infective agents, particularly mycobacterium tuberculosis or autoimmune disturbances have been incriminated in its pathogenesis. Twenty patients of Takayasu arteritis along with groups of normal individuals, patients of essential hypertension, autoimmune disorders, tuberculosis, and healthy tuberculin reactors were studied. Besides detailed immunological profiles including LE cell phenomenon, serum complement C3 levels, antibodies to single (SS) and double stranded (DS) DNA, rheumatoid factor, lymphocyte subsets, blast transformation to antigens including, phytohemagglutinin, PPD, pokeweed, and purified human aortal antigen (PHAA) were examined. Soluble protein from human aorta was fractionated into 9 peaks by DEASE-52 and Sephadex G-75 chromatography, and 25 micrograms of major protein fraction-II was used for blast transformation study. Blast transformation by PHAA was higher in Takayasu arteritis as compared to all other groups (P < 0.05). Blast transformation to PPD showed wide variation in all the groups, and was significantly higher only in tuberculin reactors as compared to controls. These observations support aortal sensitization to PHAA playing a role in pathogenesis of Takayasu arteritis and do not relate tuberculosis to Takayasu arteritis, at least immunologically. In addition, the ratio of CD-4 positive to CD-8 positive lymphocytes changing in favor of the former and the concomitant increase in B lymphocytes favor the presence of autoimmune disturbances in Takayasu arteritis.
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PMID:Immunopathogenesis of Takayasu arteritis. 136 Sep 78

Over the last four decades there has been extensive research into the links between diet and coronary heart disease. The most recent literature is reviewed in this position statement. The clinical and public health aspects of the National Heart Foundation's nutrition policy are based on this review. The key points are as follows: 1. Saturated fatty acids A high intake of saturated fatty acids is strongly associated with elevated serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels and increased risk of coronary heart disease. 2. The n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids The n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (principally linoleic acid) lower serum cholesterol levels when substituted for saturated fats and probably have an independent cholesterol-lowering effect. 3. The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (fish oils) The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids reduce serum triglyceride levels, decrease the tendency to thrombosis and may further reduce coronary risk through other mechanisms. 4. Monounsaturated fatty acids Monounsaturated fatty acids reduce serum cholesterol levels when substituted for saturated fatty acids. It is not clear whether this is an independent effect or simply the result of displacement of saturates. 5. Trans fatty acids Trans fatty acids may increase serum cholesterol levels and can be reckoned to be equivalent to saturated fatty acids. 6. Total fat Total fat intake, independent of fatty acid type, is not strongly associated with coronary heart disease but may contribute to obesity. Associations between total fat intake and coronary heart disease are primarily mediated through the saturated fatty acid component. 7. Dietary cholesterol Dietary cholesterol increases serum cholesterol levels in some people and may increase risk of coronary heart disease. 8. Alcohol A high intake of alcohol increases blood pressure and serum triglyceride levels and increases mortality from cardiovascular disease. Light alcohol consumption reduces the risk of coronary heart disease. 9. Sugar The consumption of sugar is not associated with coronary heart disease. 10. Sodium and potassium High salt intake is related to hypertension especially in the subset of "salt-sensitive" people. Potassium intake may be inversely related to hypertension. 11. Overweight and obesity Abdominal obesity increases the risk of coronary heart disease probably by adversely influencing conventional risk factors. 12. Vegetarianism A high intake of plant foods reduces the risk of coronary heart disease through several mechanisms, including lowering serum cholesterol and blood pressure levels.
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PMID:Diet and coronary heart disease. The National Heart Foundation of Australia. 163 Mar 69

The purpose of this investigation was to study the incidence of the appearance of the nutrient canals in periapical radiographs of the mandibular anterior region, in hypertensive patients. Of the 120 patients studied, 60 exhibited hypertension where the rest 60 did not. The results of the present study showed that: 1. The incidence of the appearance of the nutrient canals is much greater in the patients with hypertension (55%) than in the patients without (41.66%). 2. In patients with hypertension nutrient canals are seen more frequent in males (68.75%) than in females (39.28%). 3. The number of nutrient canals increases with age in both groups of patients.
Hell Stomatol Chron
PMID:[Incidence of nutrient canals in hypertensive patients]. 213 32

The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of the appearance of nutrient canals in periapical radiographs of the mandibular anterior region of hypertensive patients with alveolar bone loss. A total of 220 patients were examined, 120 patients exhibited hypertension and radiographic signs of alveolar bone loss, where 100 patients did not. The results of the present study showed that: 1. The incidence of the appearance of the nutrient canals is much greater in the hypertensive patients with alveolar bone loss (58.33%) than in the nonhypertensive patients without alveolar bone loss (54%). 2. In hypertensive patients with alveolar bone loss, nutrient canals are seen more frequent in females (59.01%) than in males (57.62%). 3. The number of nutrient canals increases with severity of alveolar bone loss.
Hell Period Stomat Gnathopathoprosopike Cheir 1989 Sep
PMID:[Incidence of nutrient canals in hypertensive patients with alveolar bone loss. A radiographic study]. 264 Jun 62

The effect of nisoldipine, a new calcium antagonist, on rats with renovascular hypertension was evaluated. Eight one-kidney, one clip hypertensive rats (1K, 1C rats) given nisoldipine 10 mg/kg for 4 weeks were compared with eight 1K, 1C hypertensive control rats. Fifteen other rats underwent sham-operation (right nephrectomy, no clip), of which eight received nisoldipine in the same dosage. A significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (BP) was achieved in the nisoldipine groups: from 154 +/- 4 to 107 +/- 7.5 mmHg in the 1K, 1C group (P less than 0.005) and from 117 +/- 4.2 to 89 +/- 5.4 mmHg in the sham-operated rats (P less than 0.01). The significant decrease in BP was maintained for only 6 days, but did not rise markedly throughout the entire study. Four 1K, 1C control rats died before term, two after 14 days and two after 20 days. There was no significant change in the pulse rate. Sugar and cholesterol levels in the nisoldipine groups remained constant. Nisoldipine caused a natriuresis without kaluresis in both groups: sodium excretion in the 1K, 1C rats increased from 0.25 +/- 0.05 to 2.32 +/- 0.2 mmol/day, and from 0.34 +/- 0.1 to 1.85 +/- 0.15 mmol/day in the sham-operated rats. A slight decrease in aldosterone levels in the 1K, 1C rats was observed. It appears that the combination of both natriuretic and vasodilatory effects during nisoldipine treatment results in a favourable hypotensive response in 1K, 1C hypertensive rats.
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PMID:The hypotensive effect of nisoldipine in renovascular hypertensive rats. 347 95

This study examined characteristics of paracellular and pinocytotic permeability pathways across the middle cerebral artery endothelium of 12- to 16- month-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Interendothelial junctions in SHR, like those of age-matched Wistar-Kyoto controls, were impermeable to lanthanum and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) tracers. Freeze-fracture preparations revealed that interendothelial junctions of chronically hypertensive rats are characterized by a twofold increase over controls in the number of tight junctional strands and the mean apical-basal depth. It is believed that this tight junctional hypertrophy may function to increase adhesive forces between neighboring endothelial cells, and may play a role inthe prevention of hypertension-induced paracellular permeability increases. Morphological and tracer studies of pinocytotic pathways indicated that, it the middle cerebral artery, endothelial vesicular transport activity is not increased during chronic hypertension. No evidence was found to indicate the presence of transendothelial permeability channels across control or hypertensive arterial endothelium. Thus, increased transendothelial permeability, commonly observed in acute hypertension, does not appear to occur during chronic hypertension, at least in the middle cerebral artery. Our findings suggest that the arterial endothelium may undergo structural (tight junctional) adaptation in response to prolonged hypertension.
Hypertension
PMID:Ultrastructural characteristics of endothelial permeability in chronic hypertension. 729 13

In a multicenter, single-blind, interpatient study, 103 outpatients with mild to moderate hypertension were given, after 2 weeks of placebo wash-out, 160 mg oxprenolol slow-release in fixed combination with chlorthalidone (20 mg per tablet) (SROC 160) once daily or conventional oxprenolol (80 mg) in fixed combination with chlorthalidone (10 mg per tablet) (COC 80) twice daily for 8 weeks. Throughout the study 22 of 51 patients on SROC 160 and 24 of 51 on COC 80 received 1 tablet once daily and, respectively, 1 tablet twice daily. The remaining patients of both groups double the corresponding dosage after the first 4 weeks. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased on both treatments without and difference observed between the groups. Diastolic blood pressure normalization was achieved in both groups in the same number of patients (35). Minor side effects occurred on both treatments: only one patient on SROC 160 interrupted the study due to severe dizziness and fatigue. The advantages are discussed as regards patient's compliance with administration of fixed combination SROC 160 once daily in treatment of mild to moderate hypertension.
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PMID:A fixed combination of oxprenolol slow-release and chlorthalidone once daily in treatment of mild to moderate hypertension. 730 98

Lead toxicity causes hematological, gastrointestinal, and neurological dysfunction in adults and children. Symptoms are usually noted with blood lead greater than 1.93 mumol/L. Severe or prolonged exposure may also cause chronic nephropathy, hypertension, and reproductive impairment. Lead inhibits enzymes; alters cellular calcium metabolism; stimulates synthesis of binding proteins in kidney, brain, and bone; and slows nerve conduction. Less severe exposure to lead, designated by blood lead levels of 0.48-0.96 mumol/L, has been implicated in poor pregnancy outcome, impaired neurobehavioral development, reduced stature in young children, and higher blood pressure in adults. Biochemical and systemic effects of high and low level lead toxicity are described. Dust, water, and paint chips are still major sources of lead but lead from folk remedies, cosmetics, food supplements, food preparation utensils, and improperly prepared infant formula has caused epidemic and sporadic severe lead toxicity. Screening for pediatric low level lead exposure requires measurement of blood lead.
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PMID:Perspectives on lead toxicity. 829 7

This study examined the influence of family history of hypertension on neurobehavioral performance. Sixty-two hypertensive men and women who reported a family history of hypertension (+FH) were compared with 28 hypertensive individuals without a family history (-FH) and 32 normotensive control subjects. A neurocognitive test battery that included tests of information processing, verbal memory, and figural memory was administered individually to each patient. Results showed that +FH, compared with -FH and normotensive control subjects, was associated with poorer performance on three tests of attention and short-term memory (Sternberg reaction time, Trails B, and Digit Span). There were no differences between the groups on tests of either verbal or figural memory. Other variables, including gender, ethnicity, age, years of education, blood pressure, state anxiety, depression, and Type A behavior did not account for these results. In addition, +FH hypertensive subjects reported greater levels of state anxiety and depression compared with -FH hypertensive subjects and normotensive control subjects. The findings suggest a genetic link to impaired cognitive abilities, as observed among hypertensive patients relative to their normotensive counterparts.
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PMID:Family history of hypertension influences neurobehavioral function in hypertensive patients. 855 42

Although cardiac sympathovagal regulation has been studied during stress using power spectral density analysis of heart rate variability, little is known about its regulation during emotional states. Using heart rate variability measurements, we studied autonomic balance in 20 subjects trained in a mental and emotional self-management technique called Freeze-Frame. The study was conducted in two environments: under controlled laboratory conditions, and under real-life stressful conditions in the workplace. Power spectral density plots of R-R intervals obtained from electrocardiogram recordings were divided into three regions: low frequency (predominantly sympathetic activity), midfrequency, and high frequency (parasympathetic activity). Measurements were taken for a 5-minute baseline period, followed by a 5-minute period of positive emotional expression. Three unique conditions of autonomic nervous system order can be clearly discriminated in the data: (1) normal heart function mode, (2) entrainment mode, and (3) internal coherence mode. The internal coherence mode is new to the electrophysiology literature. We provide supporting data for modes 2 and 3 and show that a group of 20 subjects trained in this technique can enter and maintain these states at will. We found that, when one is in the entrainment mode, other physiological systems lock to the entrainment frequency, which is approximately 0.1 Hz. The results suggest that emotional experiences play a role in determining sympathovagal balance independent of heart rate and respiration and further suggest that positive emotions lead to alterations in heart rate variability that may be beneficial in the treatment of hypertension and reduce the likelihood of sudden death in patients with congestive heart failure and coronary artery disease.
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PMID:Cardiac coherence: a new, noninvasive measure of autonomic nervous system order. 879 73


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