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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

More than 1200 patients who received pindolol for the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, and various arrhythmias in studies conducted in the United States were included in the New Drug Application submitted to the FDA. Nearly 1000 of these patients received pindolol as monotherapy. The side effects reported were generally transient and of mild or moderate severity. The most frequently reported side effects seen after pindolol administration, compared to those seen after placebo, were in decreasing order of incidence: headache, dizziness, insomnia, muscle pain, fatigue, weakness, nervousness, joint pain, edema, nausea, and muscle cramps. Other side effects that occurred more frequently with pindolol than with placebo but at a rather low incidence induced weight gain, bizarre dreams, visual disturbances, lethargy, and diarrhea. Nasal congestion, throat discomfort, nocturia, impotence, pruritus, anxiety, hypotension, bradycardia, and heart failure occurred only rarely. Of the 323 patients who received pindolol alone for the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension, only 20 (6.2%) were withdrawn from the study because of side effects. Overall, 3.4% of the patients treated with pindolol were withdrawn because of side effects, most of which involved the central nervous system, that is, insomnia, anxiety, dizziness, and headache. However, a few patients manifested some edema and weight gain while receiving pindolol alone. Review of the side effects data did not reveal a tendency for the incidence of side effects to be dose related. One placebo-controlled, double-blind study designed to evaluate the fixed dosages of 15, 30, and 60 mg in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension suggested that only the incidences of insomnia and nervousness increased with increasing doses. However, these side effects were generally transient and of mild or moderate severity. The evidence indicates that pindolol has an acceptable safety profile and that any side effects that appear are generally well tolerated and disappear with continued treatment.
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PMID:Adverse reactions to pindolol administration. 704 82

A study of 1,000 urban and 1,000 rural Zulus was carried out to determine the biosocial factors associated with hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was 25% in the urban Zulu (males 23%, females 27%) and 10.5% in the rural Zulu (males 10%, females 10.75%). The mean arterial pressure was higher in the urban Zulu than in the rural Zulu at all ages and for both sexes (greater in females than in males). In both the urban and the rural Zulu the following factors were found to be significantly associated with hypertension: age, sex, obesity, marital status, urbanization and number of dependents. In the urban Zulu other parameters absent in the rural Zulu were associated with hypertension: insomnia due to anxiety, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, conditions of work, educational status, income, number of children not working, lack of recreation or sport activity, and overcrowding. Likewise, in the rural Zulu other parameters absent in the urban Zulu were associated with hypertension: having a family member with hypertension and the educational status of the children. There was a relationship between hypertension and social variables which were observed to be stressful. Unlike the rural Zulu, the urban Zulu is exposed to a different lifestyle, acculturation, detribalization and various political ideologies. This could explain the difference in the prevalence of hypertension in urban and rural Zulus.
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PMID:Biosocial factors and hypertension in urban and rural Zulus. 708 72

The authors share their results from the studies on the incidence and characteristic of hypertonic syndrome in 132 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (ChGN). In that random group, 65.1 per cent had renoparenchymal hypertension (RPH), 34.8 per cent of the patients had RPH among the patients with normal renal function, and with various degrees of chronic renal insufficiency (ChRI) - 95.4 per cent. In 69 patients, the diagnosis was confirmed by puncture biopsy, with a predomination of membranous, membranous-proliferative, IgA and endoproliferative ChGN. With the exception of IgA nephritis, RPH in the rest is found relatively often even in the absence of ChRI. The symptomatics of RPH was relatively poor--most frequently the patients complained of headache--in 48 per cent but patients with ChGN without RPH also had the same complaints--26 per cent. Complaints as dizziness, tinnitus and insomnia were rare. The hypertension was with a short duration (according to anamnestic data)--in 2/3 less than three years and 40 per cent of the patients had hypertonic crises or/and acute left cardiac insufficiency in spite of the relatively little alterations in ECG and fundus of the eye. Those were mainly patients with advanced ChRI. The authors lay stress upon the necessity of complex treatment of renal insufficiency and of hypertension with a view to the improvement of the prognosis of those patients.
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PMID:[Incidence and characteristics of the hypertension syndrome in chronic glomerulonephritis]. 716 7

Two men who were accidentally, acutely irradiated with X-band microwave radiation have been followed up clinically for 12 months. Both men developed similar psychological symptoms, which included emotional lability, irritability, headaches, and insomnia. Several months after the incidents, hypertension was diagnosed in both patients. No organic basis for the psychological problems could be found nor could any secondary cause for the hypertension. A similar syndrome following microwave exposure has been described by the East Europeans. The two cases we report, with comparable subjective symptoms and hypertension following a common exposure, provide further strong, circumstantial evidence of cause and effect. A greater knowledge of the mechanisms involved in bioeffects which may be induced by radiofrequency and microwave radiation is definitely needed.
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PMID:Psychological symptoms and intermittent hypertension following acute microwave exposure. 717 88

In a double-blind clinical trial with 20 patients suffering from endogenous depression statistically significant changes (improvement) were present in the scores of all assessment instruments. Although no statistically significant differences occurred between the groups, significant improvement on the HAM-D occurred earlier for amitriptyline and significant improvement occurred earlier on HAM-A for viloxazine. 2 patients were discontinued due to adverse reactions; one for nausea and vomiting while receiving viloxazine and one for paroxysmal atrial tachycardia while receiving amitriptyline. The same number of TES occurred for each group with seven unique to viloxazine (numbness, tingling, palpitation, ejaculation difficulty, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, epigastric pain and gustatory disturbances) and seven unique to amitriptyline (insomnia, irritability, syncope, tremor, nasal congestion, orthostatic hypertension and paroxysmal atrial tachycardia). Other than for 1 patient who developed syncope and orthostatic hypotension and the patient who developed paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, there were no clinically significant changes in pulse rate, blood pressure and weight. There were no clinical laboratory findings with either drug that were judged to be pathological.
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PMID:Viloxazine in the treatment of endogenous depression. A standard (amitriptyline) controlled clinical study. 718 72

The presenting symptom complex, diagnostic features, and therapeutic alternatives for obstructive and central sleep apnea are discussed in relation to two illustrative patients. Heavy snoring and restlessness during sleep in an obese individual, usually a male, may indicate obstructive apnea. Daytime hypersomnolence, intellectual deterioration, mental depression, impotence, cardiac arrhythmias, cor pulmonale, systemic hypertension, and erythrocytosis are the most common complications. Tracheostomy, the classic form of therapy, can be replaced by pharmacologic intervention in most patients. The clinical presentation of central apnea is less dramatic, but neurological and cardiac complications can occur. Therapy is less well established for this entity. Knowledge of the increased incidence of these disorders and awareness of more subtle complications indicate that sleep apnea should be placed in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary and systemic hypertension, hypersomnolence states, mental deterioration, psychiatric illness, and even insomnia.
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PMID:Diagnosis and therapy of sleep apnea. 722 83

A limitation of clonidine therapy is the syndrome of rebound hypertension and sympathetic overactivity after withdrawal. Ten patients, four male, six female, aged 28--64 years, with essential hypertension, were treated for one year with an imidazoline derivative, tiamenidine. Blood pressure fell from an average of 178/108 mm Hg pretreatment to 152/86 mm Hg after 1 year. Tiamenidine was then withdrawn in hospital, replaced by identical placebo under single blind conditions and observations made over 96 h. The study was interrupted in five patients (4 patients within 36 h) because blood pressure rose to greater than 30 mm Hg (systolic) or greater than 20 mm Hg (diastolic) above pretreatment values. For the group, blood pressure was maximal at 194/112 mm Hg, 18 h post withdrawal, significantly higher than pretreatment (p less than 0.005). Headache, tremor, flushing and insomnia were noted. Saliva production rose 100% at 24 h. Plasma noradrenaline rose within 24 h with an accompanying rise in urinary metanephrine and catecholamine excretion. Tiamenidine appears to share with other imidazolines rebound cardiovascular and autonomic effects following abrupt withdrawal.
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PMID:Changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and sympathetic activity on abrupt withdrawal of tiamenidine (HOE 440) in essential hypertension. 746 Oct 12

A 32-year-old woman was bedridden for a year because of chronic pain and headaches. She had insomnia, depression, suicidal thoughts and a severe chemical allergy. She had been on steroid therapy for two years and became Cushingoid with striae in the arm pits, groins and abdomen. However, she had no hypertension, nor the buffalo fat and hirsutism. She was very edematous, with a weight gain from 112 to 180 lbs. The fluid retention did not conform to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone. Studies revealed abnormal scalp EEG discharges and high-voltage seizure discharges in the posterior thalamus. Electrothalamic stimulation suppressed the thalamic discharges and relieved the patient's pelvic pain and headaches. After one month of several thalamic stimulations per day, she was able to get out of bed and ambulate. In addition, the patient no longer was edematous and was tolerating perfumes and floor detergents. Steroids were progressively reduced without complications of withdrawal. She went from a completely steroid dependent state to independent during the first 1-1/2 yrs of thalamic stimulation. With continued thalamic stimulation she has done well for 8-1/2 yrs, weighs 112 lbs, keeps house and drives a car. It's speculated the illness is a chronic pain multiple syndrome predominantly due to mesothalamic discharges and body infirmities. The mesothalamic discharge implicated neural networks, which represent biologic systems, i.e. pain, sleep, fluid retention, etc. Therapeutic stimulation attenuates the discharges and the neural networks return to their normal set points of homeostasis.
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PMID:Mesothalamic discharge in a chronic pain, allergy and fluid retention syndrome (case report). 766 2

The new immunosuppressive agent FK506 was used with steroids to treat 22 pediatric patients who received living-related partial liver transplantation. Seventeen recipients survived and 5 died between one and 16 months after transplantation. Three of the 5 patients who died had required intensive care preoperatively. Autopsy findings showed no evidence of rejection. There was no episode of rejection that required retransplantation in any of the patients. Liver allograft dysfunction, which was suspected to be a rejection response, was encountered in 2 recipients with ABO-nonidentical but compatible grafts. However, their clinical and biochemical findings were ameliorated upon steroid pulse therapy or upon augmented FK506 administration without additional potent immunosuppressive agents. Steroid treatment has been discontinued in all surviving patients at 1-9 months after transplantation. Infectious complications encountered in 9 patients included 2 bacterial, 5 viral, and 2 fungal infections. One recipient died of fungal pneumonia. Abnormal increase of serum creatinine level was confined to the complicated patients. Hypertension was a temporary adverse reaction in the early postoperative period, and only one patient needed an antihypertensive drug at 2 months after transplantation. Acute pancreatitis with hyperamylasemia was observed in one patient who was treated successfully with reduction of FK506 administration. Tremor was observed in 8 patients, itching in 4, insomnia in 2, and vomiting in one. Hirsutism, gingival hypertrophy, and lymphoma were not observed. FK506 was highly effective in living-related partial liver transplantation not only in terms of immunosuppressive potential but also because it produced fewer adverse effects.
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PMID:Experience with FK506 in living-related liver transplantation. 767 28

We analyzed factors affecting attacks of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) retrospectively in 411 patients and studied the relation of the attacks with labor. The onset time of SAH has two peaks of the time: one is 7:00 a.m. and the other is between 16:00 and 17:00 in the afternoon. The attacks of SAH during labor were observed in 15.1% of all the patients. It was noted that 66.7% of all the attacks were observed at the time with certain external stress such as working, sporting, sexual intercourse, etc. The number of patients who suffered from attacks during labor with history of hypertension and insomnia were not significantly different compared with those suffered from attacks during other activities, but 40-59 aged men those who have a history of smoking were significantly more in number compared with those that suffered attacks during other activities. Transient increase of blood pressure due to external stress is suggested as an initiative factor of the bleeding during working. Reactivity of the individuals against physical and mental stress (external stress) might be considered to be the major problem, although it remains not to be unexplained whether labor itself participates in the onset of SAH. Regarding the prevention of SAH during labor, new methods of medical examination and health control is required.
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PMID:[Studies on factors influencing the attack of subarachnoid hemorrhage during labor]. 779 9


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