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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A survey of 67 pregnancies in 51 professional women (physicians, psychologists, nurses, administrators, etc.) revealed the occurrence of symptoms of cognitive dysfunction such as forgetfulness, disorientation, confusion and reading difficulties in 28 pregnancies occurring in 21 women. These were unrelated to such factors as age of delivery, percentage weight gain, the baby's sex or birth weight, alcohol consumption, smoking, a history of migraine or allergy or other symptoms occurring during pregnancy such as sleepiness and lack of concentration, irritability, loss of interest in job or nightmares. Nor was there any correlation with hypertension, proteinuria, glycosuria, ketonuria, anemia, or morning sickness. Furthermore, these cognitive disturbances were not related to depression or sleep deprivation. Despite these symptoms, none of the women suffering from them were forced to interrupt their professional activities during pregnancy. The syndrome of benign encephalopathy of pregnancy should be recognized so that simple precautions can be taken to prevent any interference with professional or other activities. The etiology of the syndrome is unknown.
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PMID:Benign encephalopathy of pregnancy. Preliminary clinical observations. 395 58

Even in the presence of normal blood pressure (B.P.) in both arms in some individuals, abnormal B.P. and circulatory disturbances can be found in the brain and lower extremities. The author discovered the following five types of abnormal B.P. in the brain in the presence or absence of normal B.P. in the arms: unilateral cephalic hypertension; bilateral cephalic hypertension; unilateral cephalic hypotension; bilateral cephalic hypotension; mixed cephalic hypertension and hypotension. When the B.P. of the head exceeds about 160 mm Hg, patients experience sensation of increased pressure buildup in the head to moderate headache. When it exceeds over 220 mm Hg, most of them experience severe headache in that side of the head. When the B.P. is very low (less than 30 mm Hg in both sides), majority of the subjects experience sleep disturbance pattern, mainly insomnia and some develop excessive sleepiness; difficulty in concentration and easy forgetfulness of recent events; various degrees of irritability. They are often associated with injury of neck-shoulder area with the presence of spastic muscles in the area. Relaxation of the spastic muscles by acupuncture, TES or soft laser beam from He-Ne (7 approximately 15m Watts) often change the abnormal cephalic B.P. toward normal. Among individuals with cephalic hypotension some of them develop eye problems. Blind patients with macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa often have severe cephalic hypotension and reduced blood flow. Improvement of B.P. and blood flow induced by safe and effective electrical stimulation resulted in significant improvement in vision. In some patients, abnormal B.P. and blood flow of the brain are dependent on the position of the head and neck which can be classified as "Cephalo-cervical Position Dependent Dysfunction Syndrome" which interferes with the function of some of the internal organs. In many psychiatric patients with schizophrenia or severe depression, cephalic B.P. and blood flow are often reduced significantly with additional abnormal function of pancreas, thyroid gland or liver. These abnormalities can explain some of the abnormal behavior, particularly when hypoglycemia, decrease in serotonin level and decreased circulation in the brain coexist.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Non-invasive circulatory evaluation and electro-acupuncture & TES treatment of diseases difficult to treat in Western medicine. 614

We attempt to quantify compliance with hypotension medication regimens in 620 patients with hypertension at the Centros de Salud (community health centers) of Novelda and Elche (in the province of Alicante) and to assess the impact of a mixed-strategy health education program. The method used to evaluate compliance is the self-communicated interview as indicated by Haynes-Sackett. The intervention consisted of individualized instruction, family support, educational leaflets, and written instructions. Among the results obtained, we emphasize the following. First, 64% completed the treatment as prescribed, 16% stopped taking the medication, and 20% followed the regimen in a sporadic fashion, lack of motivation and forgetfulness being the main reasons cited for the latter. Second, 27% of the patients with hypertension--among them, primarily young people and men--do not visit the center for monitoring. Third, the health education program is responsible for a significant increase in blood pressure measurements and in therapeutic compliance, also reducing the number of drop-outs. Fourth, 26% did not come to the unit at the end of the study period (four years) despite phone calls and house visits as reminders.
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PMID:[A four year study of therapeutical observation of patients with hypertension]. 829 Jul 53

A case of dural arteriovenous malformation of the transverse sinus, is presented, with dural sinus occlusion imaged with gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA). The patient, a 59-year-old man, had developed easy forgetfulness and frequent misreading over a four-month period; he had had episodic vertiginous attacks since 3 January 1992. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging done on 21 January 1992 showed abnormally dilated subcortical vessels and a non-hemorrhagic venous ischemia in the subcortical white matter of the left posterior temporal lobe. Thrombosis of the left sigmoid sinus was seen. After administration of intravenous Gd-DTPA, dense enhancement in the left sigmoid sinus and abnormal serpiginous enhancement in the left temporal lobe were revealed. Left carotid angiography showed dural arteriovenous malformation in the posterior fossa, with non-opacification of the left transverse and sigmoid sinuses, plus forward venous drainage into left superior petrosal sinus. The focal neurologic deficits in this case from non-hemorrhagic venous ischemia in the subcortical white matter of the left posterior temporal lobe, and were secondary to venous hypertension.
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PMID:Gadolinium-DTPA enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of dural sinus occlusion in dural arteriovenous malformation: a case report. 829 43

Thirty Type II diabetic patients attending a clinic at a rural hospital were interviewed, using structured interviews and clinic records. The patients' clinic cards were also used to obtain the required information. The study was conducted to identify the factors that lead to non compliance with the recommended treatment regimen, to establish whether diabetic patients are able to keep appointments and to identify factors that influence patients from keeping appointments. Factors that led to non compliance were financial problems and forgetfulness. Most clients were unemployed while others were pensioners and could not afford the expensive means of transport to the clinic. Additional issues were rough terrain and roads which depended on good weather. The most common complication found in the study was hypertension, which when combined with minor ailments, led to clients taking multiple medications.
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PMID:An investigation of compliance in type II diabetic patients attending clinic at Church of Scotland hospital. 869 30

To clarify the relationship between non-specific neurological complaints and silent cerebral infarction (SCI), we studied 82 patients (56 +/- 8 years old; mean +/- SD) who presented with at least one complaint (headache, dizziness, forgetfulness) and 76 normal volunteers with no complaints (55 +/- 7 years old). All subjects were evaluated with a questionnaire for complaints and with 0.5 T magnetic resonance imaging of the brain for the presence of SCI. Several risk factors for stroke were also studied. SCI was significantly more common in the patients (18%) than in the normal subjects (7%, p < 0.05). SCI was more common in subjects with dizziness (40%) and in those with headache (18%) than in those with no complaints (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, respectively). Dizziness and forgetfulness were closely associated with SCI (p < 0.05). Two risk factors for stroke, age and hypertension, correlated with SCI. These results clearly show that non-specific neurological complaints are closely related to SCI.
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PMID:[Non-specific neurological complaints and silent cerebral infarction]. 879 60

1. We examined 156 patients 33 years after CO poisoning occurred at the Miike Mikawa Mine, Fukuoka, Japan. The subjects were classified according to age as follows: between 55 and 59 years (n = 14), 60 and 69 years (n = 62), 70 and 79 years (n = 60), and 80 and 87 years (n = 18). The mean age was 69.2 years old. Concerning the duration of coma that occurred soon after the accident, 64 remained comatose from 0 to 6 hours, 46 from 6 to 12 hours and 46 from 12 to 48 hours. 2. Subjective symptoms were observed in 96.8% of the patients. Among them, forgetfulness was noted in 89.7%, followed by irritability in 66.7%, headache in 59.6%, insomnia in 55.8%, limb pain in 46.8%, dull head feeling in 42.9% and dizziness in 36.5%. 3. Intellectual disturbances were observed in 68.6% of the patients, including impression disturbance in 58.3%, memory disturbance in 51.9%, calculation disturbance in 63.5%, thinking disturbance in 61.5% and disorientation in 14.1%. 4. Apathy and disorder of volition and interest which were found in 72.4% were included in personality change because all symptoms persisted for many years. Personality change was classified as follows: weakness of emotion and will (hypobulia) in 54.4%, infantilism in 35.2%, hyperactive, talkactive and lack of inhibition in 18.5%, lack of self-possession and unstable temper in 9.6%, depression in 15.3%, neurosis in 7.6% and schizophrenic state in 2.5%. Among these symptoms of personality change, weakness of emotion and will and infantilism were conspicuous among the patients who remained in a coma for more than 6 hours soon after the accident but showed no relationship with age. 5. Neurological symptoms that were found in 48.7% of the patients were classified as sensory disturbance in 25.6%, peripheral nerve symptoms in 16.0%, pyramidal symptoms in 14.1%, ataxia and cranial nerve symptoms in 7.1%, paroxysmal symptoms in 6.4% and focal symptoms in 4.5%, extrapyramidal symptoms in 21.8% (Parkinsonism in 4.5%, tremor in 10.9% and muscle rigidity in 16.0%) and vegetative symptoms in 37.2%. 6. At the time of investigation, 5 CO poisoning patients were classified as serious cases (3.2%), 20 as comparatively serious (12.8%) medium-degree cases, 28 as comparatively mild (17.9%) medium-degree cases, 37 as comparatively serious (23.7%) mild cases, 42 as comparatively mild (26.9%) mild cases, 24 (15.4%) as having symptoms which were not problematic, and 24 (15.4%) as having symptoms that markedly worsened due to complication. 7. A total of 138 (88.4%) cases had complications were classified as follows: 78 cases (50.0%) of hypertension, 62 cases (39.7%) of cerebral infarction, 24 cases (15.4%) of cardiac disturbance, 21 cases (13.5%) of diabetes mellitus, 14 cases (9.0%) of hepatic disturbance and six cases of silicosis (3.8%). 8. Cranial MRI was carried out for 129 cases (82.7%). Of the abnormal findings identified, cerebral atrophy accounted for 72.0% (93 cases), including moderate and severe cases in 47.2% (61 cases), pallidum lesion for 37.9% (49 cases), lacunar infarction (including cerebral infarction) for 52.7% (68 cases), and hippocampal atrophy for 18.6% (24 cases). Many cases of cerebral atrophy and hippocampal atrophy were observed in patients who remained in the initial coma for more than 12 hours and were 80 years of age or old. The cases of pallidum lesion were observed in patients who remained in the initial coma for more than 6 hours, and no relationship with age was found. The other findings, cerebral atrophy and lacunar infarction showed a slight relationship with age. 9. Among the moderate and serious cases of intellectual disturbance, cerebral atrophy constituted to 62.5%, lacunar infarction 68.7% and pallidum lesion 50.0%. Among the moderate and serious cases of personality change, cerebral atrophy constituted 78.5%, lacunar infarction 35.0% and pallidum lesion 50.0%. Moreover, among extrapyramidal symptoms, pallidum lesion constituted 58.6%, cerebral atrophy 55.1% and lacun
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PMID:[Long-term follow-up study on sequelae of carbon monoxide poisoning; serial investigation 33 years after poisoning]. 1050 96

Many countries in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean offer substantial tax breaks to foreign corporations that set up shops in free-trade zones and waive environmental regulations and repress trade unions to further induce this practice. Workers in these shops--mainly women--perform repetitive machine-based motions, are exposed to toxic chemicals and unsafe equipment, and face dangerously high production quotas. Health problems caused by these working conditions include headache and dizziness, fatigue, anemia, forgetfulness, stomach pains, respiratory problems, hypertension, heart disease, and allergies. Water and air pollution and dumping of hazardous waste affect the health of entire communities. Since free-trade zones are a permanent feature of the global economy, organizing to protect workers and communities assumes critical importance. Groups such as the Border Committee of Women Workers in Mexico are providing workers with skills and support to make demands such as better treatment of pregnant workers. International labor, environmental, and public health advocates can support such efforts by providing assistance to worker-controlled organizations and pressuring governments to enforce laws intended to protect workers and their communities.
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PMID:Globalization causes a world of health problems. 1234 7

Vascular dementia is the second most common type of dementia. The subcortical ischaemic form (SIVD) frequently causes cognitive impairment and dementia in elderly people. SIVD results from small-vessel disease, which produces either arteriolar occlusion and lacunes or widespread incomplete infarction of white matter due to critical stenosis of medullary arterioles and hypoperfusion (Binswanger's disease). Symptoms include motor and cognitive dysexecutive slowing, forgetfulness, dysarthria, mood changes, urinary symptoms, and short-stepped gait. These manifestations probably result from ischaemic interruption of parallel circuits from the prefrontal cortex to the basal ganglia and corresponding thalamocortical connections. Brain imaging (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) is essential for correct diagnosis. The main risk factors are advanced age, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, hyperhomocysteinaemia, hyperfibrinogenaemia, and other conditions that can cause brain hypoperfusion such as obstructive sleep apnoea, congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, and orthostatic hypotension. Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy (CADASIL)and some forms of cerebral amyloid angiopathy have a genetic basis. Treatment is symptomatic and prevention requires control of treatable risk factors.
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PMID:Subcortical ischaemic vascular dementia. 1284 65

We present a 54-yr-old woman with ectopic corticotropin syndrome caused by a neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas. At initial presentation, the patient suffered from diarrhea, heartburn, and nonspecific abdominal pain. There was no evidence of Cushing's syndrome. A neuroendocrine tumor in the head of the pancreas with metastases into peripancreatic lymph nodes was diagnosed and completely resected. Fourteen months later, abdominal computed tomography and scintigraphy with (111)In-labeled octreotide suggested relapse of the tumor. The patient again had no evidence of Cushing's syndrome. A second in toto tumor resection was performed. Another 8 months later, the patient developed forgetfulness, depressive episodes, muscle weakness, new-onset hypertension, hypokalemia, plethora, diabetes mellitus, polyuria, and weight loss. Endocrine testing suggested a source of ectopic ACTH production. An octreotide scan showed an intense uptake ventromedial of the left kidney, an area that showed a mass lateral of the superior mesenteric artery on abdominal magnetic resonance imaging. A complete pancreatectomy with splenectomy and left-sided adrenalectomy were performed. At this second relapse, this neuroendocrine tumor clinically had changed its hormonal profile. Immunohistochemically, in contrast to primary tumor and first relapse, we found strong immunostaining for ACTH in tumor cells of the second relapse and a MIB-1 index greater than 20%. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor that started to secrete ACTH de novo at the time of the second relapse after two former complete tumor resections. This case underscores the pluripotency of neuroendocrine tumor cells and the importance of keeping in mind a possible shift in hormone production during tumor evolution and progression.
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PMID:Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with ectopic adrenocorticotropin production upon second recurrence. 1529 97


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