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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It has been known for some time that hyperinsulinaemia is associated with hypertriglyceridaemia. However, previous studies looking at the relationship between hyperinsulinaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia have included overweight subjects. The effect of obesity on the insulin status of hypertriglyceridaemic patients is uncertain. We investigated the insulin status of hypertriglyceridaemic subjects in the absence of confounding factors such as obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Our results demonstrate that basal insulin levels as well as the insulin response after an intravenous glucose challenge are higher in moderately hypertriglyceridaemic patients when compared to age and body mass index matched controls. Hyperinsulinaemia may have pathogenetic significance for hypertriglyceridaemia as well as other features of a constellation of metabolic derangements such as obesity, hypertension and glucose intolerance.
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PMID:Hyperinsulinaemia in non-obese subjects with hypertriglyceridaemia: a preliminary report. 159 Jun 41

The relationship of body fat distribution with blood pressure, fat cell weight and extracellular fluid volume was studied and compared in 20 obese hypertensive men and 20 obese hypertensive women of similar age, degree of overweight and blood pressure level. Body fat distribution, as reflected by the ratio between waist and hip circumference (W/H ratio), was significantly higher in male than in female obese patients. The W/H ratio was positively and independently correlated with systolic arterial pressure both in males and females. However, for the same W/H ratio, systolic arterial pressure was higher in females. The W/H ratio was positively correlated with gluteal fat cell weight only in males and not in females. Both in males and females, the W/H ratio was positively correlated with extracellular fluid volume, independently of the level of blood pressure level and/or the degree of obesity. The study provided evidence that the relationship between body weight and blood pressure in obese hypertensives is affected by the sex-dependence of body fat distribution with possible interferences on fat cell weight and extracellular fluid volume. Several epidemiological studies have emphasized the positive correlation observed between body weight and blood pressure in many. Many investigations have documented the association of blood pressure with body weight, weight to height, overweight or other indices of fatness such as skinfold thickness. However, the correlation coefficients of these different relationships were found constantly small, indicating that the relationship between overweight and blood pressure is somewhat complex. In patients with hypertension, body weight was shown to be strongly related with the levels of both blood pressure and extracellular fluid volume. On the other hand, patients with overweight and hypertension were found to be principally affected by hypertrophic obesity, as shown by the evaluation of fat cell weight. However these findings were exclusively observed in males. No solid data were reported in females. The relationships between body weight and extracellular fluid on one hand, and between body weight and fat cell weight on the other hand, are certainly different in males and in females. First, in females, extracellular fluid volume is submitted to cyclic changes in sodium balance involving the effect of sex steroid hormones. Second, body fat distribution, a parameter which is weakly correlated to blood pressure, is different in males and females. In males, body fat predominates in the upper part of the body while, in females, adiposity is mainly observed in the lower part of the body.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Sex-dependence of body fat distribution in patients with obesity and hypertension. 160 Jun 42

While obesity is frequently associated with arterial hypertension, the underlying mechanism is still poorly understood. A marked drop in blood pressure in response to hypocaloric carbohydrate-poor diet, occurring usually in obese hypertensive patients even before any significant reduction of body weight is achieved, strongly suggests that the obesity related metabolic abnormalities rather than the degree of fatness as such, are involved in the association between obesity and overweight. Among several possible mechanisms, the state of insulin resistance with hyperinsulinaemia, as well as increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system, are probably responsible for the development of arterial hypertension in obese subjects. The arterial hypertension may be promoted by these two mechanisms, which are probably causally related, closing the pathophysiologic loop leading to hypertension. Both mechanisms may promote the development of haemodynamic abnormalities which characterize the hypertension associated with obesity, i.e. the renal sodium and fluid retention with ensuing expansion of the extracellular volume and the increased peripheral vascular resistance.
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PMID:Pathophysiology and treatment of the obesity-related arterial hypertension. 160 57

When weight reduction was found to decrease blood pressure in the overweight hypertensive patient, it was hailed as the causative factor. A growing number of recent studies indicate that this association may be secondary to a correlation between diet-associated metabolic change and the sympathetic nervous system. A select group such as overweight hypertensive patients may have a genetic predisposition for such a correlation. In overweight hypertensive patients, low-calorie diet and especially very-low-calorie diet, correlate with improved glucose metabolism, a decrease in plasma insulin concentration, and altered norepinephrine concentrations and thus sympathetic nervous system activity. Several of these studies also show a lack of effect of salt intake on blood pressure. Thus, it seems that metabolic changes caused by the decrease in caloric intake are responsible for the decrease in blood pressure. These must be investigated to understand the effect of the different diets on blood pressure. Very low-calorie diets were found very useful in breaking the vicious circle of severe nonresponsive hypertension to medication.
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PMID:Effect of low-calorie diets on the sympathetic nervous system, body weight, and plasma insulin in overweight hypertension. 161 78

A total of 1470 students in Berlin, Germany, between the ages of 7 and 22 years were screened for cardiovascular risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, obesity, smoking habits, and a positive family history. Only 56% had no modifiable risk factor; however, 16% showed total cholesterol (TC) levels of 200 mg/dl. 1% experienced severe and 11% experienced borderline hypertension. In addition, 21% were overweight, and 27% of the adolescents (or+ 15 years of age) admitted to regular smoking. In this paper, the authors focus on cholesterol findings in this study; i.e., the dependence of TC on sex, age,weight, and use of oral contraceptives (OCs). There was an age dependency in both sexes. In boys, the lowest TC levels were seen in the 12-17 year group, whereas those under age 10 had the highest. In those over age 17, TC was higher than among the younger group. In girls, the age dependency of the TC levels was similar, but less pronounced. The minimum level was reached earlier, among those aged 14-15, rather than among those aged 16-17. TC levels in girls as compared to boys were significantly higher in those aged 12-13 and 16-17. Girls who used OCs experienced significantly higher TC levels. Obesity had no influence on TC. These results support the demand for screening for cardiovascular risk factors in children.
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PMID:Cardiovascular risk factors in schoolchildren. 161 98

The correlations between the cardiovascular risk factors hypertension, overweight, hyperlipidemia and fibrinolysis parameters were studied in a group of 54 otherwise healthy patients (age 19 to 70 years) with essential hypertension of moderate severity. Of the 54 patients 43 were treated with antihypertensive drugs and eleven were not. The patients included in this study who were treated with antihypertensive drugs were, in spite of their treatment, still hypertensive. Lipoprotein levels and fibrinolysis parameters did not differ between the untreated and treated patients. In the patient group we found significant incidence of hypertriglyceridemia (46%) elevated LDL-cholesterol (28%) and elevated lipoprotein (a) levels (43%). In comparison with a healthy control group the hypertensive patient group showed a decreased median tissue plasminogen activator activity (interquartile range): 0.23 (0.79) IU.10(3)/l vs 1.5 (0.47) IU.10(3)/l in the controls (p less than 0.0001), an increased tissue plasminogen activator antigen concentration: 8.2 (4.5) micrograms/l vs 5.1 (3.9) micrograms/l in the controls (p less than 0.0001), an elevated plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 level: 2.8 (2.5) AU.10(3)/l vs 1.1 (2.0) AU.10(3)/l in the controls (p less than 0.01) and a slightly increased alpha 2-antiplasmin concentration: 110 (8)% vs 98 (16)% in the controls (p less than 0.0001). Median D-dimer concentration levels were substantially increased in the hypertensive patients: 315 (263) micrograms/l vs 199 (146) micrograms/l in the controls (p less than 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Fibrinolysis factors and lipid composition of the blood in treated and untreated hypertensive patients. 162 20

A random sample of 2,854 subjects aged 35-64 was examined in the town of Vicenza (Italy) as part of the 'Hypertension Management Audit Project'. Pearson's correlation coefficient and multivariate analysis considering systolic and diastolic blood pressure, age and body mass index (BMI) were performed. SBP was more closely correlated with age than DBP. BMI correlated with both SBP and DBP, but very little with age. Fifty-seven percent of the men had a BMI of 25.5 or more and 49% of the women had a BMI of 24.5 or more. The quality of BP control in the treated patients was worse in the overweight when compared with the lean patients, although overweight and lean patients are treated with the same frequency.
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PMID:Hypertension, obesity and response to antihypertensive treatment: results of a community survey. 162 92

The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a data set based on telephone surveys that have been conducted by States in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control, has been used to estimate the prevalence of behavioral risk factors for adults in the United States so health objectives can be set and progress towards accomplishing them measured. Data for adult American Indians in this regard have not been available generally. The use of these data to estimate behavioral risk prevalence for American Indians by geographic region was examined and the results compared with those for white Americans. In addition, data from the system were compared with other data sets, including the results of selected surveys in American Indian communities, to explore the validity of the system as a tool for evaluating the behavioral risks of Indians. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data for the period 1985 to 1988 were used. During this period, the 1,055 American Indian respondents constituted 0.63 percent of those responding under the system and 0.70 percent of the population of the participating States. Separate (sex-specific) behavioral risk prevalence estimates were derived for Indians and whites for four geographic regions--Southwest, Plains, West Coast, and Other States. The system's behavioral risk estimates for the Plains region were compared with available data from behavioral risk surveys done in three American Indian communities in Montana (Blackfeet, Fort Peck, and Great Falls) from 1987 to 1989. The behavioral risk factors compared include use of automobile seatbelts, current smoking, current use of smokeless tobacco, heavy drinking, drinking and driving, overweight, hypertension, and sedentary lifestyle. Although large regional differences in the prevalence of these risk factors were found, the magnitude and direction of the differences are frequently similar among American Indians and whites living in the same geographic regions. The findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System among American Indians are largely consistent within dependently collected data from more resource intensive household surveys, at least when surveys in Montana are compared with system data from the Plains. These data are generally consistent with other epidemiologic studies.When they are used in conjunction with community-specific surveys, the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data may be useful for monitoring the progress of American Indians towards the Year 2000 national health objectives. The value of the surveillance system for monitoring trends in behavioral risk factors among Indians would be enhanced if States attempted to over sample regions (such as Indian reservations) with a high proportion of Indian residents. It appears that aggressive health promotion and disease prevention efforts will be needed if these objectives are to be achieved.
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PMID:Using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to monitor year 2000 objectives among American Indians. 145 91

The present study aimed at a description of the sickness absence pattern during 1982-1989 in 32 men who divorced in 1984. Another purpose was to carry through a health screening of the men within six months after the marital disruption focusing on risk factors concerning cardio-vascular disease (smoking, overweight, hypertension) and high alcohol consumption (elevated GGT). The year of divorce and the successive three years (1984-1987) were characterized by high sickness rates (average 21,7 days/year, variation 19,4-26,6) compared to a reference group (average 16,6, variation 14,9-18,1). In the remaining four years (1982-1983 and 1988-1989) the sickness absence was lower in the divorced group (average 12,2, variation 8,7-18,0, reference group: average 17,3, variation 14,8-20,0). The increase was mainly due to short absence periods (self-certifications). The health screening (health examination and record analysis) (n = 29) revealed high frequency of daily smoking and alcohol overconsumption. Overweight and hypertension were not overrepresented. The findings are discussed in relation to a supposed male reaction style to separation. The impact of social isolation is stressed.
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PMID:Separation and distress--sickness absence and health screening in newly divorced middle-aged Swedish men. 164 28

In order to evaluate whether hypertension can be considered as a confounding factor in the setting up of reference values for blood lead, we examined the results of a cross sectional study which evaluated the relationship between lead in blood and hypertension in a sample of 254 males and 271 females of a general population not occupationally exposed to lead. The statistical analysis and in particular the multiple logistic regression showed that, even if some well-known confounding factors such as age, sex, overweight, smoking and alcohol are taken into account, blood lead levels are well correlated with hypertension. The results suggest that even modest lead absorption is able to influence the probability of being hypertensive. The relationship between blood lead and hypertension and their relationship with the main confounding factors involved in the determination of reference values of metals in blood are discussed.
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PMID:Is hypertension a confounding factor in the assessment of blood lead reference values? 164 32


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