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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study of 100 men with arterial hypertension showed that: 1) hypertension was predominantly moderate with 14% index of placebo reactivity; 2) only 3 patients had a surgically curable etiologic factor; 3) frequent associated findings were hereditary factors (60%), overweight and metabolic disorders (30 to 40%). Such results suggest that: a) hypertension could be treated, in the majority of patients, without preliminary etiologic investigations and, b) non invasive hemodynamics techniques are required to evaluate arterial and cardiac lesions which are the dominant factors in the prognosis.
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PMID:[Problems in practical management of essential hypertension]. 87 29

Very fat people die earlier than people of normal weight because hypertension, diabetes and coronary disease are more frequent among the markedly obese. Most obese subjects, however, are only slightly overweight and their mortality is not elevated. Reasons for dieting are more often psychological than somatic. 2. Reducing diets are ineffective because the obese rarely follow them. Total fasting and intestinal bypass may provide better results, but are more dangerous. 3. Atkins' diet eliminates carbohydrates from food without restricting protein and fat intake. Deprived of carbohydrates, the body uses fat for fuel. A small part of metabolized fat is eliminated in the urine as ketone bodies, and this is why such diets are called "ketogenic". They have been known at least since 1863. 4. Caloric loss due to ketonuria does not exceed 100 Cal/day in the non-diabetic. It is maximal during total fasting and cannot be increased by a ketogenic diet. 5. In the short run, such diets produce rapid weight loss due to polyuria. On the other hand, refeeding carbohydrates causes water retention and weight gain. 6. The diet decreases appetite: patients eat less without feeling severe hunger and without measuring their food intake. 7. Orthostatic hypotension, fatigue, and nausea are frequent, despite what Dr. ATKINS claims. 8. The diet increases plasma cholesterol and uric acid. It may be dangerous in diabetes (anorexia, acidosis) and in heart or kidney failure (hypokalemia). 9. The diet, though far from good, is better than the book. ATKINS' theories are at best half-truths, and the results he claims lack credibility. The obese subject's disappointment with traditional reducing diets and the book's hard-sell style account for ATKINS' success.
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PMID:[Dr. Atkins' dietetic revolution: a critique]. 89 45

In 1974 we published the "method of differentiated relative heart weight" for the evaluation of the postmortem heart weight. It is not the simple relation of heart to body weight of 1/200 that is used, but--depending on the body weight--1/175 for normal weight, 1/150 for underweight and 1/200 for overweight. This method is now submitted a test by means of 218 exactly diagnosed cases and the heart weights are compared with the mean values of Linzbach. If the weight of a heart is lower than the weight estimated by our method one can conclude, that the patient did not suffer from hypertension and/or from cor pulmonale. If the heart weight is higher than the estimated value a pathological heart weight is to be supposed, but normotension cannot be excluded, especially in women. In those cases the comparison of the heart weight with the mean values of Linzbach is recommended.
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PMID:[The evaluation of postomortem heart weight (author's transl)]. 91 18

A study of the risk factors in atherosclerosis carried out in 595 subjects over a period of 10 years showed an increased prevalence of arterial hypertension, of high serum cholesterol values and of overweight in 1970 as compared to 1960. This rise was significant for all the parameters studied and was particularly evident in serum cholesterol values and overweight, beginning with the 21 to 30 age decade. The frequency of subjects with risk factors increased with age. During the period of study there occurred certain changes within the population such as an increase in the total consumption of calories and in the lipid contents of the food, as well as of the cultural level of the population. The authors show that the increase in the number of subjects with risk factors and the natural history of the various diseases or disturbances depend on the changes of living conditions and of environment.
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PMID:Long-term study of the risk factors in atherosclerosis. 94 91

The results obtained at entry in the subjects included in a pilot study (Institute of Internal Medicine, Bucharest) for the detection and prevention of coronary heart disease and hypertension, are presented. These data are the prevalences of the risk factors of coronary heart disease (high serum cholesterol, hypertension, smoking, overweight, diabetes, nonspecific minor ECG signs, family history), as well as the prevalences of the various forms of coronary heart disease. The study of the frequency distribution of biologic parameters likely to become risk factors showed that in middle aged subjects the upper limit of the normal should be lowered from the 95th percentile to the 76th one.
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PMID:Coronary heart disease and its risk factors in a group of 5,000 middle aged men in urban environment. 94 93

The initial examinations of prospective epidemiological studies of the same kind performed in random samples of 50-54 years old men from Moscow and Berlin showed the following prevalence rates (each first figure for Moscow, second for Berlin): ischaemic heart disease 14.4/13.6%, arterial hypertension 18.0/19.0%, intermittent claudication 6.9/3.4%, cigarette smoking 46.5/51.4%, overweight 22.9/21.9%, impaired glucose tolerance 36.6/42.5%. Hypercholesterolaemia (24.6/8.1%) was not comparable because different determination methods were used. In both population samples almost a half of IHD and 1/3-1/2 of hypertension cases were newly detected only by the study examinations. More than 80% of the 50-54 years old men showed the presence of one or more risk factors. The following significant relationships between disease groups and risk factors were found: for IHD, with hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, and hypercholesterolaemia (Moscow only); for hypertension, with overweight, impaired glucose tolerance, and hypercholesterolaemia (Moscow only); for intermittent claudication, with cigarette smoking, impaired glucose tolerance, and hypercholesterolaemia (Moscow only). These comparative studies demonstrate the benefit and need of further common research and efforts for prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases.
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PMID:Prevalence of ischaemic heart disease, arterial hypertension and intermittent claudication, and distribution of risk factors among middle-aged men in Moscow and Berlin. 94 71

Sumo is an ancient sport in Japan and there are at present over 800 professional sumo wrestlers (rikishis). After entrance into the wrestler society a wrestler takes strenuous daily training together with a very high calorie diet (more than 5,000 cal). Frequency of food intake is twice a day. The average diet of Japanese people contains of 2,279 calories and the meal frequency is generally three times a day. In 96 wrestlers average actual body weight and modified Broca index was 100.4 kg and 143.5%, respectively. In this group the prevalence of overweight with obesity, overweight without obesity, nonoverweight with obesity, and nonoverweight without obesity was 53.4, 39.1, 1.0, and 6.5%, respectively. Also mean serum levels of triglyceride, phospholipid, uric acid, and total protein were significantly higher than those obtained in 89 age-matched healthy males. The incidence of diabetes mellitus, gout, and hypertension in wrestlers was 5.2, 6.3, and 8.3%, respectively, all values being considerably higher than in controls. Weight correlated significantly with skinfold thickness, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and uric acid in each group. Multiple regression analyses were made treating weight or uric acid as dependent variables in both groups. Obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hyperuricemia in wrestlers were presumed to be caused chiefly by the high calorie diet and partially by the infrequent meal intake.
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PMID:Some factors related to obesity in the Japanese sumo wrestler. 97 5

A large number of individuals currently diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus are asymptomatic. In order to provide rational therapy for this patient population, it is necessary to focus upon the differences between these patients and the classic prototypes with polyuria and weight loss, who require insulin for survival. Patients with asymptomatic diabetes do not need insulin for survival, and, by definition, they do not need it to alleviate symptoms. They tend to be middle-aged and overweight, but they can be young and thin. Their degree of hyperglycemia is moderate, often indistinguishable from that of normal individuals in their day-to-day existence. Indeed, they can often be differentiated from normal persons only on the basis of their blood glucose response to the stress of a large dextrose challenge; in this regard, the potential problem of over-diagnosing diabetes has been discussed. Since the major problem facing patients with asymptomatic diabetes is accelerated atherogenesis, the therapeutic approach must be based upon efforts to delay or prevent the onset of vascular disease. It has yet to be shown that any therapeutic intervention helps such patients, but an argument has been made in support of the following goals in subjects with asymptomatic diabetes whose fasting blood glucose level is less than 170 mg/100 ml: (1) stop smoking, (2) control hypertension, (3) attain ideal body weight, and (4) maintain blood triglyceride and cholesterol levels well within normal limits. Attempts to lower blood glucose with either insulin or oral agents do not seem indicated in the majority of patients within this defined diabetic population.
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PMID:Treatment of asymptomatic diabetes mellitus. 97 61

A screening study for coronary disease, chronical bronchitis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, peripheral circulatory disturbance and overweight is described. 2429 persons aged over 40 years and working in two factories were studied. Typical laboratory tests, a short standardised examination by a physician and a questionnaire were used. In a 10 per cent sample the questionnaire was repeated by an interview and the serum was sent to the laboratory not only by mail, but also by a special car transport in a cooled transport box. The results of the laboratory tests are presend according to age, sex and factory. The family doctor had to be informed in nearly 70 per cent of the men and about 60 per cent of the women because of at least one suspicious symptom or sign. There was a pathological value of glucose in the urine in 14.7 per cent, a rise of glucose in the blood (above 113 mg per cent) in 5.7 per cent, of triglicerides (above 181 mg per cent) in 12.6 per cent, of cholesterol (above 264 mg per cent) in 15.4 per cent, of uric acid (male above 7.7 mg per cent, female above 7.1 mg per cent) in 6.8 per cent, of creatinine (above 1.3 mg per cent) in 6.4 per cent and the presence of albumin in urine in 2.2 per cent of the cases.
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PMID:[Preventive screening in two factories. I. Methods and results (author's transl)]. 100 75

Atherosclerosis risk factor, 8,5% two, 2,7% three and 0,6% four.rs have been investigated in 194 males and 135 female, 25 years old. Elevated lipids were found in 7,3% of the sample; "labile" and stable hypertension in 2,7%; diabetes mellitus in 2,7% and overweight in 19%. 19% of the subjects smoked more than 20 cigarettes daily. Prevalence of hyperlipemia and electrocardiographic changes was higher among people in the lower socioeconomic classes. Taking into consideration hyperlipidemia, hypertension, cigarette smoking, overweight and diabetes mellitus as risk factors, 25% exhibited one risk factor, 8.5% two, 2.7% three and 0.6% four.
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PMID:[Studies on the risk factors of arteriosclerosis in a health district region of Lombardy]. 100 70


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