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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The diagnosis of subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy of Binswanger should be confirmed neuropathologically by postmortem examination. But we expect that it may be possible to diagnose provisionally as Binswanger's disease on the basis of clinical course and findings including computed tomography. Two cases, 57 years old postman (case 1) and 60 years old housewife (case 2) were reported. They had hypertension for over 20 years in their past history and showed a progressive dementia since before one year and 9 years. Transient syncopal attack and epileptiform seizure revealed occasionally. Psychiatrically either of them were apathetic, aspontaneous and autistic. One of them (case 2) showed a striking paranoid-hallucinatory state. Spastic gait disturbance and dysarthria are found neurologically, and moreover in case 1 revealed the incontinence of urine and feces. Arteriosclerotic changes were seen in the fundi. The EEG showed a slow alpha rhythm with scattered theta- and delta-waves. Laboratory data of blood, urine and CSF were normal. On the basis of these clinical course and findings the diagnosis of Binswanger's type of cerebral arteriosclerosis were suspected. The CT-scan of 2 cases proved a symmetrical enlargement of the lateral ventricles and marginated areas of definite abnormal low density in the white matter of the occipital (case 1) and frontal (case 1 and 2) lobes. Conclusively we may provisionally diagnosed our two cases as Binswanger's disease, also supported by the findings of CT.
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PMID:[Two clinical cases diagnosed provisionally as Binswanger type of vascular dementia--on possibility to its clinical recognition from neuropsychiatric findings and computed tomography (author's transl)]. 725 7

By blocking the inward transmembrane calcium current and opposing the effects of increased intracellular ionised calcium, calcium antagonists exert vascular and myocardial effects which are useful therapeutic tools. Coronary and peripheral vascular relaxation results in an increase in coronary flow and a reduction of the afterload and, therefore, of myocardial oxygen consumption. In some cases, negative myocardial inotropic and chronotropic effects also reduce myocardial oxygen requirements. Spastic angina is the indication of choice of all calcium antagonists whereas, to date, verapamil and diltiazem have been shown to be effective in stable angina and, in the post-infarction situation, diltiazem and verapamil decrease the number of cardiovascular events, and verapamil alone has been shown to reduce mortality. All calcium antagonists have been shown to be effective in hypertension and most have a protective effect on the target organs. The main fields of research concern atherosclerosis, the primary prevention of myocardial infarction and the study of molecules which can be used in heart failure.
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PMID:[Calcium antagonists in cardiovascular diseases]. 750 23