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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

When pathophysiological and pathogenetic aspects of hypertension are taken into consideration with special regard to diabetes mellitus the exhaustion of the "insulin enhancement" within the cerebrovisceral functional systems (Baumann) are discussed and the authors enter possible connections of diabetes mellitus to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. After explanation of the diabetogenic and antidiabetogenic pharmacodynamic qualities of the antihypertensive drugs adequate therapeutic recommendations are proposed summarized in a figure. The authors conclude that for the present antihypertensive therapy in diabetics taking into consideration the references reported on there are sufficient possibilities of treatment for all degrees of severity of hypertension. Such preparations as Rausedan, Disotat, Dopegyt appear as particularly suitable; moreover, the beta receptor blockers, Haemiton, Depressan as well as Guanitil and Pargylin prove to be possible or without disadvantage, respectively. Especially when diuretics are described an exact control of the metabolism should be carried out.
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PMID:[Treatment of hypertonus in diabetes mellitus]. 0 29

A questionnaire study on work conditions, work organization, leisure time, social problems, and health was directed toward active and retired locomotive engineers. This article mainly presents responses of the active engineers. The active locomotive engineers quoted the irregular work hours as the worst occupational problem. They judged noise and vibration in the locomotive cabs as disturbing. The majority of the desired changes in the work and work conditions concerned work time. The most common complaints given on the questionnaire were back trouble, hypertension and dermatitis. Tiredness and exhaustion were the most prevalent neuropsychological symptoms. A retrospective follow-up survey on invalidity and mortality was made. Trainmen and railroad clerks were used as reference cohorts.The engineers had relatively high invalidity and mortality rates in comparison to the reference groups, especially with respect to cardiovascular diseases and malignant tumors. Higher rates for disease of the digestive system and hearing loss were also suggested by the results.
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PMID:Work conditions and health of locomotive engineers. II. Questionnaire study, mortality and disability. 15 82

The therapy of gout is discussed taking into consideration the concomitant diseases occurring significantly frequently in patients with gout: Hypertension, uric acid-nephrolithiasis, hyperlipoproteinaemia, obesity, premature arteriosclerosis as well as diabetes mellitus. In contrast to other opinions the authors are of the opinion that the dietetic treatment is furthermore of essential importance. It is referred to the still allowed sufficiently great number in the supply of nourishment, in which cases, however, the limitations in the supply of calories, protein or purin bodies, respectively, lipid and carbohydrate do not remain unmentioned. The propositions for the medicamentous treatment essentially correspond to the central therapeutic recommendations. For the acute attack of gout, however, following to the international experiences, the colchicine therapy is more emphasized again. The medicamentous therapy of the asymptomatic hyperuricaemia is to be included into the considerations after full exhaustion of all dietetic and other possibilities in constant increase of the serum-uric acid-level more than 8 mg/dl.
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PMID:[Therapy of gout]. 33 84

The High-Frequency ECG was studied in 78 patients with systemic arterial hypertension and in 10 normal subjects. The study has shown: a) the P wave is altered initially, according to the disturbances in the myocardial complicance; b) the signs of LVH are mainly: delayed in the appearance of the intrinsecoid deflection, abnormal left direction of vector 3, left electrical systole diminished and counter clockwise rotation; c) the exhaustion fase is represented by increased of the electrical systole, delay in the duration of the intrinsecoid deflection and by primary disturbances of repolarization. The relationships between the ECG and the hymodynamic and metabolic disturbances, are discussed.
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PMID:[The electrocardiogram of high frequency in the evaluation of hypertensive cardiopathy]. 54 26

Experiments were conducted on 119 male and female mongrel/albino rats and on 5 male rabbits to study the mechanisms of the in vivo effect of the inhibitors of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, acetylsalicylic acid, and indometacin, taking into account the previously obtained data on the fact that these inhibitors elevate mean arterial pressure and increase vasopressor sensitivity to adrenalin and noradrenaline in experimental animals. It was found that these inhibitors of prostaglandin biosynthesis promote the development of "salt hypertension" in rats against the background of a noticeable increase in vasopressor sensitivity to catecholamines. Intravenous administration to rabbits of angiotensin-11 in pressor doses causes an increase in the content of group E prostaglandins in the blood plasma of rabbits and a decrease in the renin activity ("feedback" effect). The data obtained have confirmed the assumption that prostaglandins take part in the arterial pressure control and suggested that in exhaustion or hereditary deficiency of the function of the prostaglandin production system the vessels may escape the depressor control, in this case the sensitivity to pressor factors increase and stable arterial hypertension develops.
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PMID:[Role of prostaglandins in blood pressure regulation]. 59 3

Pulse transmission through cortex between a vein and artery in the middle cerebral distribution has been used as an index of vascular resistance in the middle cerebral field in baboons. Following catheterisation of these small vessels, the skull has been reconstituted and the effect of intracranial hypertension produced by cisternal infusion has been studied. An earlier linear relaxation of resistance in relation to rising intracranial pressure has been succeeded by a second phase in which pulse transmission increases quite profoundly despite minimal further increase in intracranial pressure. This appears to represent the exhaustion of the compliance of the vascular compartment, and corresponds closely to levels of intracranial pressure at which failure of autoregulation to increased intracranial pressure has been observed in previous experiments. Spontaneous bursts of transient increased pressure made their appearance in a number of animals at this level of pressure. The possible significance of increased pulse transmission following exhaustion of compliance in relation to breakdown of the blood brain barrier and potential spreading oedema is discussed.
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PMID:The effect of intracranial hypertension on cerebrovascular resistance--an experimental study. 82 29

About a 65-year old patient with the typical clinical and biochemical characteristics of porphyria cutanea tarda (Pct) is reported. After treatment with Resochin in an erroneously high dosage (1.250 mg instead of 125 mg) an acute crisis set in with a triple increase of porphyrin excretion, fever, tachycardia, hypertension and joint-discomfort. Despite the rise in excretion of total porphyrines in urine to approximately 18.00 mcg/l there was no change in the amount of the porphyrin precursors (ALA, PBG). The pattern of the porphyrin-metabolites (URO-, HEPTA,- HEXA-, PENTA-, COPRO-porphyrin)-expressed in rel.%-does not change during the excessive rise of porphyrin excretion. The duration Resochin-therapy could obviously not be shortened by an initial too high dosage of chloroquine. The mechanism of action of chloroquine in Pct is not clear. It is discussed that a change in the permeability of the liver mitochondria leads to a continuously increased excretion of porphyrin and to an exhaustion of the hepatic porphyrin pool.
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PMID:[Accident in treatment of porphyria cutanea tarda by chloroquine (Resochin) (author's transl)]. 127 51

In a randomized, double-blind study oral doses of 50 mg carvedilol (Dilatrend) were compared with 40 mg propranolol in 16 male patients with coronary heart disease, CHD [12 without significant stenoses following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), 4 with multivessel disease]. Bicycle ergometry in the supine position was performed before and 80 min after drug application; measurements were done at rest, during and after exercise. Clinically, the total exercise time and the onset of angina and exhaustion were noted, while the investigated hemodynamic parameters were heart rate, systemic and pulmonary pressures and resistances, cardiac index, and lower limb blood flow. Clinically, carvedilol improved the exercise tolerance more than propranolol as regards angina and exhaustion. Hemodynamically, carvedilol did not lead, as the classic betablocker propranolol does, to an increase in systemic or pulmonary resistance, to a decrease in cardiac output, or to an increase of the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure during exercise, but instead caused opposite changes. In contrast to propranolol, the post exercise lower limb blood flow had increased significantly. The differences in action between the two betablockers can be explained by the vasodilating properties of carvedilol. Due to these acute effects, carvedilol may be preferred to propranolol in the treatment of CHD patients with hypertension, peripheral occlusive artery disease, and/or coronary vasospasm.
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PMID:Acute hemodynamic effects of carvedilol in comparison with propranolol in patients with coronary heart disease. 135 Apr 91

This study compared the effects of clinically prescribed doses of cilazapril, nifedipine, and atenolol on maximal exercise performance in physically active subjects. In a double-blind crossover trial, 10 healthy male volunteers performed progressive aerobic exercise to exhaustion for determination of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max), after single dose ingestion of cilazapril, nifedipine, atenolol, and placebo. Measurements were made at exhaustion and at a single submaximal workload (250 W). Exercise time to exhaustion and peak workload were decreased by all agents (p less than 0.05 vs. placebo), but VO2 max was decreased by atenolol only (p less than 0.05 vs. placebo). Although both atenolol and cilazapril decreased the maximum systolic blood pressure, the peak heart rate was decreased only by atenolol (p less than 0.001 vs. placebo). Whereas submaximal oxygen consumption, minute ventilation, and blood lactate concentrations were not different between groups, ratings of perceived exertion were increased during submaximal exercise by atenolol and cilazapril (p less than 0.05 vs. placebo). Cilazapril, nifedipine, and atenolol all impaired exercise performance and increased ratings of perceived exertion during submaximal exercise without altering rates of oxygen consumption or blood lactate accumulation. Maximal exercise performance was impaired to a greater extent by atenolol than by nifedipine or cilazapril. This study suggests that either angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or calcium-channel antagonists might be preferable for the management of hypertension in athletic patients as they have a lesser effect on exercise performance, at least in healthy individuals.
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PMID:The effects of antihypertensive medications on the physiological response to maximal exercise testing. 138 88

The dynamic relationships among mean flow velocity, its pulsatile amplitude (FVa), cortical cerebral blood flow (CBF), and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) were studied in normal rabbits and rabbits with subarachnoid hemorrhage using 8-MHz pulsed transcranial Doppler ultrasound and hydrogen clearance under conditions of systemic hypotension and intracranial hypertension. A two-slope relationship was observed between FVa and CPP with a break point that correlated closely with the lower limit of CBF autoregulation in each animal. Below this CPP break point, FVa varied directly with CPP, and above the break point FVa varied inversely with CPP. In this experimental model, an inverse correlation between FVa and CPP indicates intact CBF autoregulation, whereas loss of that correlation implies exhaustion of autoregulatory reserve. Simultaneous recording and computation of FVa, CPP, and the correlation coefficient between FVa and CPP may be a means of monitoring CBF autoregulation in clinical practice.
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PMID:Experimental aspects of cerebrospinal hemodynamics: the relationship between blood flow velocity waveform and cerebral autoregulation. 140 56


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