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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hypertension and tachycardia were consistently induced by electrical stimulation of the median posterior hypothalamus in dogs under chloralose anesthesia, curarized and artificially ventilated. When renal and femoral vascular beds were perfused at a constant blood flow, the renal perfusion pressure markedly increased, whereas only minor variations of the femoral perfusion pressure occurred. When the renal and femoral vessels were perfused by the heart at the prevailing blood pressure, peri-arterial electromagnetic flow measurements revealed that renal flow decreased and that femoral flow increased during hypothalamic hypertension, both before and after vagotomy. In the same animals, no significant changes of renal or femoral flow occurred during reflexogenic hypertension induced by carotid occlusion. These marked hemodynamic differences between the reflexogenic and the hypothalamic type of hypertension were consistently and repeatedly observed. The indications that baroreflex counter-regulation and ganglionic inhibition due to elevated catecholaminemia contribute to the relative lack of femoral vasoconstriction during hypothalamic hypertension, are discussed.
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PMID:Influence of electrical stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus on musculocutaneous and renal circulation in anesthetized dogs. 117 34

A native of the Western Caroline Islands presented with a granulomatous aneurysm of the right common carotid artery measuring 7 to 8 cm, which was resected and replaced with a reversed segment of saphenous vein. Adequacy of the collateral circulation to the brain was established by occlusion of the common carotid artery with local anesthesia. This was followed by definitive operation with general endotracheal anesthesia and induced hypertension. Although tuberculosis was the most likely etiologic agent, sarcoid could not be ruled out. Granulomatous aneurysms of the common carotid are extremely rare, and if this case was sarcoid in origin, it is the first such case reported. Only one other similar aneurysm could be found in the literature. Of the various methods of reconstruction of the common carotid artery reported, autogenous reversed saphenous vein is recommended strongly.
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PMID:Carotid artery aneurysm of granulomatous origin. 117 4

The aim of this technical note is to show that ketamine hydrochloride anesthesia, owing to the preservation of muscle tone, enables one to safely and comfortably carry out gaseous encephalography on a simple radiological table in the toddler or child. However the authors very strictly select the indications for this investigation. Whenever the child's clinical condition leads one to suspect intracranial hypertension and/or a cerebral tumor, they think it more prudent, owing to the vasopressor effect of ketamine hydrochloride and a possible elevation in the cerebrospinal fluid pressure, to transfer the child to a specialized neuroradiological center, where the investigations would be carried out under the best technical conditions, and close to a neurosurgical unit which is capable of intervening rapidly in case of complications. The authors voluntarily limit their indications to children suffering from psychomotor retardation, epilepsy or neurological disorders which make one suspect a congenital malformation.
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PMID:[Gaseous encephalography under ketamine hydrochloride general anesthesia in the child (author's transl)]. 119 15

The culdoscopic procedure is a method of choice among surgical tubular sterilization techniques. It is a simple procedure but contraindicated in cardiac, pulmonary or renal insufficiency, diaphragmatic hernia, essential arterial hypertension, peritonitis and its precursors, vaginitis (cervitis), and diseases of the hip and knee. The latter conditions, especially, interfere with the knee-chest position used for the procedure. Asepsis in a surgical environment is required. Anesthesia consists of atropine premedication, meperidine and chlorpromazine iv, and a local anesthetic of novocaine injected into the posterior vaginal cul-de-sac and the median line. A special speculum is put in place; a bilateral fimbriectomy after exposure of the vaginal uterine tubes by the Douglas method is performed using Gutierrez-Najar forceps. The operation takes about 1/4 hour, and the patient may go home with her husband after about 6 hours of postoperative observation. The procedure is simple, rapid, and very useful and suited to developing countries. It leaves no scars but does reguire anesthesia. Among 100 such procedures performed from August 1973 to January 1974 in Saigon, there were virtually no complications. 94 of the patients were hospitalized for a full day or longer.
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PMID:[Culdoscopic sterilization]. 123 Apr 72

In this paper a survey is given on the group of risk in patients with diseases of the circulatory system under the stress of anaesthesia with special regard to arterial hypertension, chronic ischaemic heart disease, disturbances of cardiac rhythm and global heart insufficiency besides the generally acknowledged therapeutic principles for cardiological patients of risk. On the conditions of a surgical intervention the author adopts a definite attitude to the partly still contrary problems of the preoperative antihypertensive treatment and to the prophylactic therapy with glycosides. The most important diagnostic and therapeutic facts concerning the necessary interdisciplinary cooperation between internist, anaesthesist and operator in preparation and performance of an operative intervention in patients with circulatory diseases are described.
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PMID:[Circulation and anesthesia]. 123 18

This study was undertaken to define certain differences in cardiovascular function between mongrel (M) and greyhound (GH) dogs. In unanesthetized, trained, chronically instrumented animals mean arterial pressure was significantly higher in the GH (118 vs. 98 mmHg). This was associated with a significantly higher cardiac index in the GH (4.3 vs 3.1 liters/min per m2) and a lower calculated peripheral resistance. Central venous renin activity was significantly lower in the GH when unanesthetized (1.51 vs. 2.88 ng/ml per h). Values of vascular impedance at several selected arterial sites were lower in the GH compared to the M, suggesting differences in arterial wall mechanical properties. The hydraulic power delivered to the aorta by the left ventricle in the GH was twice that of the M (1,166 vs. 564 mol wt). Oscillatory power represented a greater fraction of total aortic power in the GH (15.7 vs. 10.8%). Differences were also observed in the hemodynamic response to acute pentobarbital anesthesia. Thus the young adult GH is hemodynamically different from its mongrel counterpart. These differences bear some resemblance to hemodynamic changes seen in various types of experimental hypertension in animals and to those observed in the early phase of essential hypertension in man.
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PMID:Comparison of arterial hemodynamics in the mongrel dog and the racing greyhound. 125 5

1. Strains of spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats were selected by repeated inbreeding. 2. Brief ether anesthesia was shown to produce a two- to three-fold increase in plasma renin activity in both strains. 3. Plasma renin activity was significantly higher in young spontaneously hypertensive than in normotensive rats of the same age (5-7 weeks). After the ninth week plasma renin activity decreased and, at week 45, became significantly lower in hypertensive than in normotensive rats. 4. When hypertension was established a significant inverse relationship was found between plasma renin activity and systolic blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive and in normotensive rats. 5. It seems unlikely that the renin-angiotensin system plays a major role in the maintenance of the established spontaneous hypertension in this strain. However, renin hypersecretion may be important in the early pre-hypertensive stage of genetic hypertension in rats.
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PMID:Plasma renin activity as a function of age in two new strains of spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats. 125 23

In a 31-year old woman with a six year history of headache and hypertension a diagnosis of primary aldosteronism was made on the basis of urine samples containing 45 mug/day of aldosterone. The preoperative systemic blood pressure was 240 mm Hg systolic and 120 mm Hg diastolic. The serum potassium level was 2.6 mEq/L and other laboratory findings were within normal limits. The patient was to undergo operation. Pre-medication consisted of oral pentobarbitone, intramuscular pethidine and atropine. For induction of anaesthesia, enflurane 2.0-2.5% maximum was given with O2 (21/min) and N2O (61/min); no intravenous agents were used. Suxamethonium chloride 40 mg was administered to facilitate endotracheal intubation. Anaesthesia was maintained with enflurane 1.5-2.0% with 50% N2O and O2. Tubocurarine 27 mg was given for muscle relaxation. When the tumour was manipulated, systemic arterial blood pressure was elevated again to 190 mm Hg systolic and 120 mm Hg diastolic. After removal of the tumour, the arterial pressure and heart rate were stable and recovery from anaesthesia was without circulatory or respiratory complications. Plasma aldosterone levels reached a maximum when the tumour was manipulated and fell to normal levels on the second post-operative day. Cortisol levels were not altered markedly even when the tumour was handled. These data imply that adrenocortical response to enflurane anaesthesia as jadged by plasma aldosterone levels would be different from that as estimated by plasma cortisol levels.
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PMID:Enflurane anaesthesia for removal of aldosterone producing adenoma. 126 18

Hypertension and stroke in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were investigated genetically using stroke-prone SHR (A3), stroke-resistant SHR (C) and their hybrids, hybrid of A3 and C (F1), offspring of F1 X F1 (F2), and those of backcrossing of F1 to the respective parental strains, BC(F1 X A3) and BC(F1 X C). The average blood pressure measured without anesthesia increased in the following order during the experimental period: C less than BC (F1 X C) less than F1 approximately F2 less than BC(F1 X A3) less than A3. The F2 represented a wider spread of variation than the F1, with some of the pressure extending into the range of both parental strains. When the drinking water was replaced with a 1% salt solution, the blood pressure increased and the onset of stroke markedly accelerated in all groups of SHR. Under the hypertensive conditions, the incidence of stroke was associated with A3-gene concentration rather than with the level of blood pressure. Similar but less dramatic effects of salt were observed in another series of hybrid groups derived from A3 and normal Wistar-Kyoto rats. These findings suggest that the genetic factors are of great importance in the development of stroke as well as hypertension in the SHR.
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PMID:Genetic predisposition to stroke in spontaneously hypertensive rats. 127 77

Traumatic brain injury causes alterations in cerebral blood flow that are thought to influence secondary pathophysiology and neurologic outcome in humans. Since it is difficult to study early changes in blood flow in head-injured patients, animal models of brain injury must be employed. However, techniques to monitor brain blood flow in animals are labor intensive and generally provide discontinuous flow measurements. The present study examines the application of laser-Doppler flowmetry for measurement of cerebral blood flow following experimental brain injury. This method allows continuous monitoring of local cerebral blood flow before, during, and after injury. Rats (n = 9) were prepared for lateral fluid percussion injury under barbiturate anesthesia. Injury (2.10 +/- 0.02 atm) was induced over the right parietal cortex, and blood flow was monitored in the contralateral cortex. Seconds after the peak hypertension after injury, blood flow in the left parietal cortex increased 226% +/- 18% (means +/- SEM). This increase was transient, with blood flow falling below control values within minutes. Five minutes after injury, blood flow was 83% +/- 8% of control, and at 1 h, this value had fallen to 56% +/- 6%. Blood flow at 60 min was 93% +/- 5% of control in the sham-injured group (n = 10). The reduction in cerebral blood flow in our laser-Doppler study was of similar magnitude as previously reported in rats injured at a similar intensity when blood flow was examined with radiolabeled microspheres. Given these results, we believe laser-Doppler flowmetry can be used to continuously monitor posttraumatic blood flow following experimental brain injury.
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PMID:Continuous monitoring of posttraumatic cerebral blood flow using laser-Doppler flowmetry. 129 95


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