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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A very rare case of a myxosarcoma with metastases to the brain is reported. A 33-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of lassitude, fever, slight left hemiparesis, headache and other signs of intracranial hypertension and cardiac symptoms such as dyspnea and palpitation. She had the cardiac symptoms once 14 years before, which reappeared and rapidly aggravated two months before the admission. Cerebral angiography revealed a mass in the right temporal lobe and physical and laboratory examinations revealed mitral value failure and hyperthyroidism. On the next day, March 19, 1976, a grossly cystic 60 gm tumor was totally removed which was largely imbedded in the subcortex of the right temporal lobe. The symptoms except for the cardiac symptoms and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy rapidly improved, but headache and left hemiparesis returned 13 days postoperatively. She died suddenly 18 days after the operation due to acute cardiac failure. Autopsy revealed two separate hard and solid tumors both attached to the mitral valve and occupied the whole left atrium and another metastasis to the frontal lobe which had not been diagnosed before the death. Microscopic examinations including electronmicroscopic study established the diagnosis of myxosarcoma in all the four tumors.
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PMID:[Brain metastases from primary cardiac myxosarcoma--report of a case (author's transl)]. 71 43

Administration of the vasodilator agent, prazosin, in dosages from 3-0 to 7-5 mg per day, significantly reduced diastolic and systolic blood pressure in a group of 14 patients with mild or moderate hypertension. Nine of these patients had a lowering of diastolic blood pressure which was at least 10 mm Hg greater than that caused by placebo. Side effects, chiefly dizziness or lassitude, occurred in over half the patients, but were mild and of short duration and did not necessitate suspension of treatment. The antihypertensive effect of prazosin was similar to that produced by methyldopa or propranolol given in comparable doses. If prazosin and propranolol were given concurrently, blood pressure fell to a level which was significantly lower than that associated with the use of either of these agents alone.
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PMID:Treatment of hypertension with an antihypertensive agent possessing vasodilator activity. 109 22

Soon after the discovery of radium, a school of practitioners arose who were interested primarily in the physiological rather than the tumoricidal powers of this new radioactive element. This treatment philosophy was called "mild radium therapy" and involved the oral or parenteral administration of microgram quantities of radium and its daughter isotopes, often as cures for rheumatic diseases, hypertension, and metabolic disorders. Manufacturers of patent medicines responded to this market by producing a variety of over-the-counter radioactive preparations including pills, elixirs, and salves. One such nostrum was Radithor, a popular and expensive mixture of radium 226 and radium 228 in distilled water. Radithor was advertised as an effective treatment for over 150 "endocrinologic" diseases, especially lassitude and sexual impotence. Over 400,000 bottles, each containing over 2 muCi (74 kBq) of radium, were apparently marketed and sold worldwide between 1925 and 1930. The death of the Pittsburgh millionaire sportsman Eben M. Byers, who was an avid Radithor user, by radium poisoning in 1932 brought an end to this era and prompted the development of regulatory controls for all radiopharmaceuticals.
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PMID:Radithor and the era of mild radium therapy. 223 82

Monoxidine is a new antihypertensive agent that, as pharmacological studies show, reduces blood pressure by stimulating central presynaptic alpha-2-receptors. In this open multicenter trial, 141 ambulatory hypertensives were treated for 12 months with monoxidine. After a run-in placebo period the mean supine blood pressure was 172.7 +/- 15.0/103.2 +/- 6.0 mmHg. After an individual dose-adjustment phase of 3 weeks starting from a daily dose of 0.2 mg monoxidine, the mean blood pressure decreased to 150.7 +/- 13.4/87.5 +/- 5.5 mmHg. In 96 patients, the blood pressure reduction was achieved within 3 weeks at a dose of 0.2 mg, while 52 patients required a dose of 0.4 mg. Over the 12-month treatment period, no tolerance to the drug developed. In 137/141 cases (97%), the drug was well or very well tolerated. At the state of treatment dryness of mouth was observed in 12.9% and lassitude in 4.8%. On discontinuation of monoxidine, blood pressure gradually increased. All in all, monoxidine proved to be well tolerated, reliable and safe in the long-term treatment of hypertension.
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PMID:[Long-term experiences with moxonidine, a new antihypertensive agent]. 226 93

Primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome) rarely occurs during pregnancy. The concurrence of hypertension combined with hypokalemia and revealing subjective symptoms such as paresthesia, muscular weakness and lassitude can suggest this infrequent diagnosis. The diagnosis is confirmed on the one hand by chemical tests demonstrating an aldosterone level far above normal and clearly suppressed renin activity, and on the other hand through ultrasound for a morphological diagnosis. We consider causal surgical treatment with adrenalectomy as the therapy of choice during early pregnancy.
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PMID:[Primary aldosteronism in pregnancy]. 234 11

The renin-angiotensin system has a range of physiological actions concerned with the control of the circulation. Angiotensin II has both an immediate and a delayed pressor effect; it stimulates the secretion of aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone, promotes thirst, stimulates the sympathetic nervous system at various sites while inhibiting vagal tone, and has a range of direct effects on the kidney. Several aspects of this range of actions can become deranged in a number of forms of hypertension as well as in congestive cardiac failure. Hence much effort has been directed in recent years to the development of agents designed to interfere with the renin-angiotensin system and to apply these clinically in the treatment of hypertension and congestive cardiac failure. Orally active converting enzyme inhibitors are of proven benefit not only in renovascular hypertension, but also, when combined with loop diuretics, in the treatment of intractable hypertension as well as, both alone and in combination with thiazide diuretics, in the treatment of essential hypertension. In congestive cardiac failure controlled trials have shown that converting enzyme inhibitors can improve exercise tolerance while diminishing lassitude, correct potassium deficiency, and limit ventricular arrhythmias. Energetic efforts are being made to develop orally active inhibitors of the enzyme renin itself, since these should be more specific in action than the presently available and very successful converting enzyme inhibitors.
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PMID:Circulatory basis for the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in hypertension and cardiac failure. 242 88

The renin-angiotensin system has a range of physiological actions concerned with the control of the circulation. Angiotensin II has both an immediate and a delayed pressor effect, it stimulates the secretion of aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone, promotes thirst, stimulates the sympathetic nervous system at various sites while inhibiting vagal tone, and has a range of direct effects on the kidney. Several aspects of this range of actions can become deranged in a number of forms of hypertension as well as in congestive cardiac failure. Hence much effort has been directed in recent years to the development of agents designed to interfere with the renin-angiotensin system and to apply these clinically in the treatment of hypertension and congestive cardiac failure. Orally active converting enzyme inhibitors are of proven benefit not only in renovascular hypertension, but also, when combined with loop diuretics, in the treatment of intractable hypertension as well as, both alone and in combination with thiazide diuretics, in the treatment of essential hypertension. In congestive cardiac failure controlled trials have shown that converting enzyme inhibitors can improve exercise tolerance while diminishing lassitude, correct potassium deficiency and limit ventricular arrhythmias. Energetic efforts are being made to develop orally active inhibitors of the enzyme renin itself, since these would be more specific in action than the presently available and very successful converting enzyme inhibitors.
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PMID:The clinical use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in hypertension and cardiac failure. 303 14

A 57-year-old male, who had been suffered from hypertension and diabetes mellitus for 10 years, was admitted to the hospital because of thirst, lassitude and muscle wasting. On admission, his urinary excretion of 17-OHCS and plasma cortisol levels were elevated without diurnal variations. Plasma ACTH levels were found to be very low with repeated determinations. Dexamethasone suppression test, 2 mg 4 times a day orally for 2 days, showed no changes in plasma cortisol levels and only a mild reduction in urinary 17-OHCS excretion. Estimation of urinary catecholamines showed an increase only in norepinephrine. Abdominal computerized tomography and radionuclide scanning of adrenal glands with 131I-adosterol demonstrated a well-defined adrenal mass in the left side without apparent changes in the right side. 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy was negative. At surgery, his left adrenal medulla was found to be hypertrophic in addition to the cortical tumor. The left adrenal gland was also removed. After surgery, excretion of urinary catecholamines fell to nearly the normal range and he was discharged without insulin and antihypertensive drugs. Microscopically, the cortical tumor is an adenoma consisting of lipid laden cells and eosinophilic compact cells. Medullary cells were distinctly hyperplastic in appearance and many of the cells were extensively vacuolated, suggesting an active functional status. The present report describes a patient with Cushing's syndrome who showed increased urinary catecholamine excretion due to the possible coexistence of adrenal medullary hyperplasia. As far as we know, this is the first case of Cushing's syndrome with this abnormality.
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PMID:A case of Cushing's syndrome associated with possible adrenomedullary hyperplasia. 404 90

Valsartan is a second class of angiotensin II receptor antagonist, indicated for the treatment of hypertension. The objective of the study was to monitor the safety of valsartan using the technique of prescription event monitoring (PEM), in patients who were prescribed this drug by general practitioners (GPs) in England. PEM is a noninterventional observation cohort technique. Exposure data were obtained from dispensed prescriptions issued between December 1996 and November 1998. Outcome data were obtained by sending questionnaires to prescribing GPs. The cohort comprised 12881 patients. Events most frequently reported as suspected adverse drug reactions were malaise/lassitude (37; 0.3% of total cohort), dizziness (19; 0.1%), and unspecified side effects (57; 0.4%). Events with the highest incidence density (ID(1) per 1000 patient-months of treatment) in the first month of treatment were malaise/lassitude (15.6), dizziness (11.8), and headache/migraine (10.9). Most frequent reasons for stopping valsartan were not effective (847; 6.6% of total cohort), malaise/lassitude (265; 21%), and dizziness (146; 1.1%). No unexpected serious adverse events were identified. Other events assessed as possibly related to valsartan use were impotence (37), dizziness (19), cough (9), facial oedema (5), hyperkalaemia (3), and angioneurotic oedema (1). There were four reports of exposure during pregnancy and 203 deaths (1.5%) in this cohort. In conclusion, this study monitored the safety profile of valsartan in a large cohort of patients in general practice in England. No untoward features other than dizziness were identified that were not mentioned in the prescribing guidance.
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PMID:The safety of valsartan: results of a postmarketing surveillance study on 12881 patients in England. 1244 41

Hypertension is a clinical common disease, with high mortality and disability. Although there have also been significant advances in therapeutic concepts and measures, it has shown a certain value and significance in the treatment of Chinese medicine. The control strategy on hypertension is described from the following aspects such as differentiation of symptoms, pathogenesis, formula syndrome, and herb syndrome. As the common clinical manifestations of hypertension are dizziness, headache, fatigue, lassitude in the loins and knees, and so on, the pathogeneses of them are analysed. The author found that the main pathogenesis of the disease is heat, excessive fluid, and deficiency, which occurred incorporatively and interacted with each other in patients. Although the pathogenesis of the disease is complicated, the distribution of formula syndromes and herb syndromes is regular. The common formula syndromes include Banxia Baishu Tianma Tang (Decoction of Pinellia ternata, Atractylodes and Gastrodia elata), Da Chaihu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction), and Liu Wei Dihuang Wan (Pill of Rehmannia). And the common herb syndromes include Tian Ma (Gastrodia elata) syndrome, Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae) syndrome, Niu Xi (Achyranthes Root) syndrome, and Chuan Xiong (Ligusticum wallichii) syndrome.
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PMID:Control strategy on hypertension in chinese medicine. 2219 71


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