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Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Spasmodic torticollis, once thought to be psychogenic, is now recognized as an extrapyramidal movement disorder. A patient with onset of classical torticollis after closed head injury and intracranial hypertension is described. The patient had no clinical or radiologic evidence of brain stem dysfunction, but brain stem auditory evoked potentials suggested pontomesencephalic conduction disturbance ipsilateral to head and neck movements. This finding accords with some previous clinical and experimental evidence that pontomesencephalic structures ipsilateral to the movements may be involved in torticollis. The observation suggests that spasmodic torticollis may develop as a sequel to trauma in head-injured patients and should be differentiated from posttraumatic seizures.
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PMID:Spasmodic torticollis after closed head injury. 358 52

A 45-year (1935-79) retrospective study of essential tremor based on original medical records on residents of Rochester, Minnesota, is presented. The age and sex adjusted incidence for the most recent 15 year period was 23.7 per 100 000 for US white population. The prevalence rate, age and sex adjusted to 1970 US white population on January 1, 1979 was estimated at 305.6 per 100 000. Survival after diagnosis of essential tremor is comparable to age and sex matched population of West North Central United States. Mean age at diagnosis was 58 (range 2-96) years. Age adjusted annual incidence rate was not different in males (18.3/100 000) and females (17.1/100 000). Functional handicap was reported by four (1.5%) of the 266 incidence cases in school, 13 (5%) cases at work and five cases (2%) retired prematurely. Excessive use of alcohol was noted in 16% and 6% were diagnosed as alcoholic. Torticollis was diagnosed in 3% cases and an additional diagnosis of Parkinson's disease after the index date was made in 2% of incidence cases. Subsequent emergence of Parkinsonism was regarded as incidental. Diagnosis of hypertension was made at some time in 30% of incidence cases during the period (mean 37 years) for which the medical records were available. Risk of hypertension after onset of essential tremor in the cases was not different from that in a control group.
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PMID:Essential tremor in Rochester, Minnesota: a 45-year study. 673 76

This paper offers a review of cranial nerve rhizopathies caused by vascular compression of cranial nerves in the posterior cranial fossa. We present our results of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia, hemifacial spasm, and glossopharyngeal neuralgia caused by compression of the 5th, 7th and 9th cranial nerves, respectively. After a median observation time of 38 months, 20 of 25 patients with trigeminal neuralgia were completely free of pain, and one patient reported more than 50% pain relief. Four out of five patients treated for hemifacial spasms were completely free of spasms. Of two patients treated for glossopharyngeal neuralgia, one reported complete pain relief, whereas the other reported less than 50% pain relief. No serious complications occurred. The results of microvascular decompression reported in the literature reviewed, including results of the treatment of tinnitus and positional vertigo due to compression of the 8th cranial nerve, hypertension due to compression of the 10th cranial nerve and spastic torticollis due to compression of the 11th cranial nerve. It is concluded that the rationale behind microvascular decompression is supported by an extensive amount of data.
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PMID:[Vascular compression and cranial nerve diseases]. 984 12

Microvascular decompression (MVD) proved to be the method of choice in treating trigeminal neuralgia, facial hemispasm, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, and torticollis spastica. So did MVD for the left rostral ventrolateral medulla oblongata and glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves in association with primary arterial hypertension. Five patients with primary essential hypertension were treated with MVD. During a longer follow-up, 75% of the patients had lowered blood pressure. In 2 patients, MVD was performed for trigeminal nerves due to ipsilateral trigeminal neuralgia. This paper presents and analyzes the clinical findings in these 5 patients and discusses the global state-of-the-art of MVD for arterial hypertension.
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PMID:[Microvascular decompression as a treatment of essential hypertension]. 1260 41

We report a case of bilateral ocular deviation due to droperidol-induced acute dystonia that was initially undiagnosed. A 22-year-old, 72 kg, parturient at 42 weeks' gestation underwent emergency cesarean section for pregnancy-induced hypertension under combined spinal-epidural analgesia. The epidural catheter was inserted through the T11-12 interspace, followed by intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine with adjunctive fentanyl. The patient complained of nausea shortly after delivery, which subsided with intravenous droperidol 1.25 mg and metoclopramide 10 mg. After surgery, epidural infusion with a mixture of ropivacaine, fentanyl, and droperidol was started. Around 25 hours postoperatively, both of the patient's eyes rotated upwards, although she was fully conscious. Brain CT/MRI did not show any abnormalities. An ophthalmologist and a neurosurgeon were consulted but there was no definitive diagnosis. On subsequent consultation with anesthesiologists, it was assumed that the symptom was related to external ophthalmoplegia secondary to spinal anesthesia. Thereafter, a "wait and see" approach was adopted. After 8 hours, she gradually developed torticollis and increased muscle tone of the lower extremities, which facilitated a diagnosis based on extrapyramidal signs. Epidural infusion was discontinued without further treatment. Her symptoms completely disappeared within 5 hours. The estimated cumulative dose of intravenous and epidural droperidol was 4.6 mg over 34 hours.
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PMID:[Case of acute dystonia during epidural droperidol infusion to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting]. 2016 68