Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020538 (hypertension)
 170,190 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seventy-eight workers, drawn from a population of 1502 presumably healthy working men who were interviewed about sleep habits and sleep disorders, underwent polygraphic recordings for at least 1 night. A significant association was found between the complaint of excessive daytime sleepiness and the incidence of sleep apnea. Workers with more than 10 apneas per hour of sleep complained significantly more about loud snoring, hypermotility in sleep, and frequent headaches. They had significantly more ENT findings and hypertension.
 ...
PMID:Incidence of sleep apnea in a presumably healthy working population: a significant relationship with excessive daytime sleepiness. 666 93

Over an 18 month period, 19 patients were referred for assessment of excessive daytime sleepiness and/or loud snoring. Respiratory studies during sleep were performed in 14 of these patients with additional features such as disturbed sleep, observed apnoea during sleep, morning headache, mental and personality changes, hypertension and cardiac failure. Nocturnal respiratory studies undertaken for periods of 4-8 hours confirmed a diagnosis of the Sleep Apnoea Syndrome in eight patients. In these patients apnoeas, lasting from 30-144 seconds, occurred frequently during sleep (from 35-291 episodes per patient). In one severely affected patient, tracheostomy abolished all symptoms. The use of conservative therapy such as weight loss, protriptyline or a neck collar, highlighted the inadequacies of current medical treatment. Awareness of the symptom complex and potential complications of the Sleep Apnoea Syndrome is important because the diagnosis may easily be missed if the patient presents with one or two isolated complaints.
 ...
PMID:The importance of suspecting sleep apnoea as a common cause of excessive daytime sleepiness: further experience from the diagnosis and management of 19 patients. 693 67

Disorders of breathing related to sleep are relatively newly recognized and less than fully understood. This review presents the terminology used to describe them, and describes the physiology of sleep and the control of ventilation, the pathophysiology of breathing disorders during sleep, their various clinical manifestations, current diagnostic techniques, and the treatment modalities available at present. Among the diagnostic approaches discussed are airway fluoroscopy during sleep, pneumography, and polysomnography. Approaches to medical and surgical management of these disorders are reviewed. Speculation regarding the underestimation of the prevalence of these disorders, the male predominance, and their relationship to snoring, coronary artery disease, and hypertension, which also show male predominance, are presented. Also suggested is a relationship of sleep apnea, obesity, and mental retardation in childhood-onset or congenital disorders such as Down's syndrome and Prader-Willi syndrome, and in other endocrine dysfunction diseases.
 ...
PMID:Sleep-related breathing disorders. 702 76

The presenting symptom complex, diagnostic features, and therapeutic alternatives for obstructive and central sleep apnea are discussed in relation to two illustrative patients. Heavy snoring and restlessness during sleep in an obese individual, usually a male, may indicate obstructive apnea. Daytime hypersomnolence, intellectual deterioration, mental depression, impotence, cardiac arrhythmias, cor pulmonale, systemic hypertension, and erythrocytosis are the most common complications. Tracheostomy, the classic form of therapy, can be replaced by pharmacologic intervention in most patients. The clinical presentation of central apnea is less dramatic, but neurological and cardiac complications can occur. Therapy is less well established for this entity. Knowledge of the increased incidence of these disorders and awareness of more subtle complications indicate that sleep apnea should be placed in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary and systemic hypertension, hypersomnolence states, mental deterioration, psychiatric illness, and even insomnia.
 ...
PMID:Diagnosis and therapy of sleep apnea. 722 83

The association of habitual snoring with cerebral ischaemia was studied, in a case control-study, in 133 patients aged 45-75 years (103 men and 30 women) and 133 controls matched for sex and age. Ischaemic stroke was confirmed by brain computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. History of risk factors, especially of snoring and sleeping habits was recorded with structured questionnaire during interview. Prevalence of habitual snoring significantly differs between patients with stroke and controls: 31/133 (23.3%) vs 11/133 (8.3%) (Odds ratio 3.4, 95% confidence interval 1.5 to 7.6, p < 0.001). Even after adjusting for matching variables and confounding risk factors (arterial hypertension, cardiac arrhythmia, and obesity), habitual snoring carries a significant risk factor for stroke (odds ratio: 2.9, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 6.8 (p = 0.01)). The risk of ischaemic stroke was higher among older male patients with arterial hypertension who always snored. Habitual snoring was not significantly linked with sleep-related stroke nor with the pathophysiology of strokes. Inquiring about habitual snoring should become a routine practice, especially among older male patients with arterial hypertension, and specific preventive measures should be instituted at an earlier stage.
 ...
PMID:Habitual snoring as a risk factor for brain infarction. 757 63

Former studies have demonstrated an association between habitual snoring and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Control for the influence of potential confounders has been inadequate. To further elucidate the issue, we examined the association between snoring and future risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) while controlling for a number of major cardiovascular risk factors and potential effect modifiers. Some 2,937 men without overt cardiovascular disease, aged 54 to 74 y (mean = 63 years), were classified according to snoring habits and followed up prospectively during 6 years (1985 to 1991). Potential cardiovascular disease risk factors included in the study were as follows: smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, hypertension, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI) (kg x m-2), social class, and serum concentrations of selenium, cotinine, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. During the 6-year follow-up period, 182 men (6.2%) had an IHD event (42 were fatal), and 274 men died from all causes (9.3%). There was no difference in the prevalence of snorers among those who had an IHD event and those who did not during the follow-up period, 49.9% vs 50.5%, respectively. Among the younger half of the cohort (54 to 63 years), the age-adjusted incidence of IHD was slightly but not significantly increased in snorers, relative risk (RR) = 1.2 (0.8 to 1.9). When adjustments were made for relevant confounders--use of tobacco, alcohol consumption, and BMI--the RR dropped to 1.0 (0.6 to 1.6). Among the older half (64 to 74 years), there was no increased risk in snorers, RR = 1.0 (0.7 to 1.6). We conclude that there was a slightly increased risk that did not reach statistical significance of IHD in snorers. After multivariate adjustment, snoring was not associated with risk of IHD in middle-aged and elderly men.
 ...
PMID:Risk of ischemic heart disease in self-reported snorers. A prospective study of 2,937 men aged 54 to 74 years: the Copenhagen Male Study. 760 48

Platelet function and fibrinolytic activity was studied during rest and after ergometric exercise in 13 hypertensive or normotensive patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and in 10 sex- and weight-matched controls. All patients had undergone a complete polysomnography for the diagnosis of OSA. The controls did not undergo any sleep investigation but had no history of snoring or witnessed apneas during sleep. On antihypertensive drug wash-out, two of the patients were normotensive, whereas 11 had mild to moderate hypertension. Platelet aggregation measured by adenosine 5'-diphosphate- or adrenaline-induced aggregation, platelet factor-4 or beta-thromboglobulin did not differ between patients and controls. During exercise beta-thromboglobulin decreased significantly in both OSA patients and controls. Plasma tissue plasminogen activator activity was similar in OSA patients and controls and increased significantly in both groups after exercise. Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) was 18.4 +/- 3.6 IU/ml in OSA patients compared with 8.2 +/- 1.7 IU/ml in controls (p < 0.029) during rest, indicating decreased fibrinolytic activity. The difference between groups remained after exercise (p < 0.017). Blood pressure elevation was more common and body mass index (BMI) was higher in patients with OSA, but there was no direct relation between blood pressure level or BMI and PAI-1. Nevertheless, differences between groups were smaller when blood pressure and obesity were accounted for. It is concluded that patients with OSA may exhibit decreased fibrinolytic activity. Low fibrinolytic activity may represent a confounding pathophysiological mechanism behind the high incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke in patients with OSA.
 ...
PMID:Platelet function and fibrinolytic activity in hypertensive and normotensive sleep apnea patients. 761 Mar 15

Much has been written about snoring and its affects on health, in particular its possible influence on cardiovascular disease. However, there are many assumptions made when linking the report of snoring to any consequences such as hypertension, heart disease or stroke. In particular it is not clear how snoring might influence the cardiovascular system, whether subjective reports of snoring are accurate, and snoring might only be acting as a marker for some common risk factor such as upper body obesity; a particular risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and through neck circumference, snoring. There is much better evidence that snoring is an important cause of sleepiness, even in the absence of conventional sleep apnoea.
 ...
PMID:Epidemiology of snoring and its consequences. 761 44

Four hundred forty-one subjects 34 to 69 yr of age were recruited from a random sample of the community. They answered a questionnaire and were monitored in their homes for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). This report concerns the association between observed SDB and arterial hypertension and vascular disease. Hypertension was defined as self-report of a diagnosis of hypertension made by a physician, current treatment for hypertension, or a systolic pressure greater than 150 mm Hg or a diastolic pressure greater than 90 mm Hg. Coronary artery disease was defined by self-report of angina or myocardial infarction of "heart attack." There were few cases of stroke or claudication, and a category of "occlusive vascular disease" was defined by self-report of coronary artery disease or of "blocked arteries" or stroke. Subjects were classified as snorers (n = 289) or nonsnorers (n = 73) by self-report of regular snoring, and as having SDB (n = 79) if more than 15 abnormal respiratory events were recorded per hour of recording. There were significant increases in the prevalence of hypertension, coronary artery disease, and occlusive vascular disease from nonsnorers (26, 7, and 10%, respectively) through snorers (39, 12, and 17%) to subjects with SDB (57, 20, and 28%). The crude odds ratio for SDB versus nonsnorers was 3.8 (95% CI, 1.9 to 7.5) for hypertension, 3.5 (1.2 to 10.0) for coronary artery disease, and 3.7 (1.5 to 9.1) for occlusive vascular disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:A community study of snoring and sleep-disordered breathing. Health outcomes. 763 32

Our study included 42 patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS) confirmed by polysomnography. In these patients we investigated the clinical manifestations, the results of the laboratory examinations, including polysomnography, ORL observations and tests of pulmonary function, as well as the therapeutic results. Our patients presented a serious set of symptoms which included excessive daytime sleepiness, snoring, obesity, craniofacial abnormalities, systemic hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, incapacity to work with precocious retirement, marital conflicts and high incidence of accidents, namely traffic accidents. An adequate treatment, mostly with nasal CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure), induced marked relief of the symptoms; some patients had an advantage in surgical treatment and weight reduction. OSAS is a frequent entity, affecting mostly male adults after the 5th decade. The lack of knowledge about this entity and the common social acceptance of some of its cardinal symptoms induces considerable delays in its diagnosis. The severity of the symptoms, the personal and social risks of excessive daytime sleepiness, the cardiocirculatory effects and the risk of sudden death during sleep justify an early diagnosis in order to prevent the severe evolution of the disease. Its complex physiopathology and multiple etiological factors justify a multidisciplinary approach.
 ...
PMID:Obstructive sleep apnea. Clinical and laboratory studies. 765 80


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>